功能高分子材料及其应用

着重介绍了电磁功能高分子材料、生物医用功能高分子材料、化学功能高分子材料和光功能高分子材料的性质及应用领域。     

日本开发出世界首个光动力马达

据日本共同社消息，东京工业大学资源化学研究所高分子化学专业教授池田富树和研究员山田宗纪等人日前在德国化学学会杂志上发表论文称，已成功开发出世界上首个光动力马达。该马达经阳光照射后，塑料传送带开始伸缩，进而带动车轮旋转。     

费纳研究中心-阿托费纳研究环境下的LIMS

位于比利时弗卢的费纳研究中心在1998年实施Lab Ware LIMS的时候，还是费纳石油的欧洲研究中心，费纳石油是一个比利时的化学和石油联合公司。弗卢研究中心现在是阿托费纳的一部分，而阿托费纳是道达尔一费纳埃尔夫石化的子公司。阿托费纳是道达尔一费纳埃尔夫石油集团的化学分部，该公司成立于2000年4月，合并了道达尔一费纳和埃尔夫阿贵泰那的所有化学、石化和油化学生产和研究工作。阿托费纳一年的营业额是17，400，000欧元，名列世界第五大化学公司。阿托费纳的化学研究和生产，在欧洲和全球的石油化工产品、日用高分子材料、中间体、特殊性能的高分子材料和专用化学材料各个市场中都居于领先地位。     

芴基聚三唑高分子的点击制备及热性能

文中采用"点击化学"方法制备了三种芴基聚三唑高分子,并用红外光谱(IR)、核磁共振(1H-NMR)和热重分析(TGA)对其结构和热性能进行了研究。结果表明,利用"点击化学"成功有效地合成出了功能聚三唑高分子,该方法不仅简单易操作,反应条件温和,而且产率高;通过分子设计,合成的芴基聚三唑高分子的分子量可高达8.4×104,主链中柔性链的引入有利于分子量的提高;该类高分子均具有很好的热稳定性,热分解温度达367℃。     

高分子化学教学的实践与探索

为了达到良好的教学效果，作者结合教学实践，从教学内容、教学方法等若干方面对《高分子化学》的教学提出了一些见解，以求在传授教学内容的同时，提高学生的学习兴趣，并能提高学生多方面的素质。     

高分子化学教学的改革与探索

对高分子化学课程从教材的选定、注重课程衔接和知识的系统性到搞活课堂教学进行多方教学改革探索，以求在知识传授的同时，努力提高学生的素质。     

全氟质子交换膜的化学降解及其稳定化研究进展

从化学退化行为、退化机理以及化学耐久性改善措施方面对全氟质子交换膜的化学耐久性进行了总结,目前的进展表明质子交换膜失效的主要原因是自由基攻击高分子的缺陷末端基团,将羧酸基团还原成二氧化碳和F离子,从而导致树脂高分子开链式分解；羟基自由基来源于双氧水的分解,其产生速度随温度升高而加快、膜中的氢氧气体扩散随湿度降低而增大.因此,在膜中掺杂自由基捕获剂可减少双氧水和自由基的浓度,或者消除高分子的末端缺陷基团有利于提高膜的化学耐久性.     

《化学推进剂与高分子材料》2015年征订启事

《化学推进剂与高分子材料》是由黎明化工研究设计院有限责任公司主办,中国聚氨酯工业协会、全国化学推进剂信息站协办的国内外公开发行的化工科技期刊,是《中国期刊网》、《中国学术期刊(光盘版)》全文收录期刊,《万方数据-数字化期刊群》全文收录期刊,《中国核心期刊(遴选)数据库》来源期刊,《中国学术期刊综合评价数据库》统计源期刊,也是美国化学文摘(CA)收录期刊。主要刊登(1)化学推进剂及其原材料;(2)橡胶、纤维、塑料、高分子胶黏剂、高分子涂料和高分子     

《高分子化学及物理》习题库的开发

介绍了《高分子化学及物理》课程的特点以及习题库的特点和开发制作。     

半导体制冷微型除湿器与化学干燥剂的对比试验研究

模拟小空间恒温恒湿环境,对工作电流、温度、湿度等半导体制冷除湿的影响因素进行了试验研究与分析。优化提高了半导体制冷微型除湿器的除湿能力和除湿效率。对半导体制冷微型除湿器与化学干燥剂作了对比试验分析,结果表明半导体制冷除湿器具有持续除湿、不需再生维护、节能环保的优点,在许多场合可取代化学干燥剂。     

Surface characterization of laser-ablated polymers used for microfluidics

Fabrication of microfluidic devices by excimer laser ablation under different atmospheres may provide variations in polymer microchannel surface characteristics. The surface chemistry and electroosmotic (EO) mobility of polymer microchannels laser ablated under different atmospheres were studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and current monitoring mobility measurements, respectively. The ablated surfaces of PMMA were very similar to the native material, regardless of ablation atmospheres due to the negligible absorption of 248-nm light by that polymer. The substrates studied that exhibit nonnegligible absorption at this energy, namely, poly(ethylene terephthalate glycol), poly(vinyl chloride), and poly(carbonate), showed significant changes in surface chemistry and EO mobility when the ablation atmospheres were varied. Ablation of these three polymer substrates under nitrogen or argon resulted in low EO mobilities with a loss of the well-defined chemical structures of the native surfaces, while ablation under oxygen yielded surfaces that retained native chemical structures and supported higher EO mobilities.     

CONTROLLED AGGREGATION OF POLYMER LATICES PART 3. INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE AND SURFACE CHEMISTRY

The possibility of obtaining narrowly dispersed particles through the controlled aggregation of polymer latices has been investigated. Concentrated polystyrene, poly(styrene-co-acrylic acid) and poly(styrene-co-butadiene-co-acrylic acid) latices were aggregated through the addition cationic surfactant under stirring. The method under investigation was proven to be effective in obtaining 5-15 urn particles with a narrow size distribution and a strong control of the average size. The aggregation properties of polymer latices were related to their chemical nature (chemical structure of the polymer and surface chemistry); the trends observed were explained through calculations of the fundamental forces involved in this process. Important differences were found between the aggregation of the latices that contain acrylic acid as a comonomer and those without acrylic acid. Narrow size distributions, with geometric standard deviations between 1.2-1.35 were obtained only for the latices containing acrylic acid. It was shown that on the surface of these particles there is a hairy layer formed by the polyacrylic acid chains. The thickness of this layer is dependent on the chemical environment and temperature. Its presence was demonstrated by capillary viscometry and electrophoretic mobility measurements.     

Chemicofunctional membrane for integrated chemical processes on a microchip

Here we report a design and synthesis of a chemically functional polymer membrane by an interfacial polycondensation reaction and multilayer flow inside a microchannel. Single and parallel dual-membrane structures are successfully prepared by using organic/aqueous two-layer flow and organic/aqueous/organic three-layer flow inside the microchannel followed by an interfacial polycondensation reaction. By using the inner-channel membrane, permeation of ammonia species through the inner-channel membrane is successfully achieved. Furthermore, horseradish peroxidase is immobilized on one side of the membrane surface to integrate the chemical transform function onto the inner-channel membrane. Here substrate permeation through the membrane and subsequent chemical transformation at the membrane surface are realized. The polymer membrane prepared inside the microchannel has an important role in ensuring stable contact of different phases such as gas/liquid or liquid/ liquid and the permeation of chemical species through the membrane. Furthermore, membrane surface modification chemistry allows chemical transformation of permeated chemical species. These methods are expected to lead to development of complicated and sophisticated chemical systems involving membrane permeation and chemical reactions.     

High-speed, sub-15 nm feature size thermochemical nanolithography

We report a nanolithography technique that allows simultaneous direct control of the local chemistry and topography of thin polymer films. Specifically, a heated atomic force microscope (AFM) tip can write sub-15 nm hydrophilic features onto a hydrophobic polymer at the rate of 1.4 mm per s. The thermally activated chemical reactions and topography changes depend on the chemical composition of the polymer, the raster speed, the temperature at the AFM tip/sample interface, and the normal load. This method is conceptually simple, direct, extremely rapid, achievable in a range of environments, and potentially adaptable to other materials systems.     

CONTROLLED AGGREGATION OF POLYMER LATICES PART 3. INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE AND SURFACE CHEMISTRY

ABSTRACT

The possibility of obtaining narrowly dispersed particles through the controlled aggregation of polymer latices has been investigated. Concentrated polystyrene, poly(styrene-co-acrylic acid) and poly(styrene-co-butadiene-co-acrylic acid) latices were aggregated through the addition cationic surfactant under stirring. The method under investigation was proven to be effective in obtaining 5-15 urn particles with a narrow size distribution and a strong control of the average size. The aggregation properties of polymer latices were related to their chemical nature (chemical structure of the polymer and surface chemistry); the trends observed were explained through calculations of the fundamental forces involved in this process. Important differences were found between the aggregation of the latices that contain acrylic acid as a comonomer and those without acrylic acid. Narrow size distributions, with geometric standard deviations between 1.2–1.35 were obtained only for the latices containing acrylic acid. It was shown that on the surface of these particles there is a hairy layer formed by the polyacrylic acid chains. The thickness of this layer is dependent on the chemical environment and temperature. Its presence was demonstrated by capillary viscometry and electrophoretic mobility measurements.     

Identification of interfacial and interphasal failure in composites of plasma polymer coated fibres

It has been demonstrated in previous work by this group that the mechanical properties of a glass fibre reinforced polymer composite can be improved by the deposition of a plasma polymer coating onto the fibres prior to their incorporation into the matrix. It was further demonstrated that the mechanical properties of the resulting composite could be tailored by adjusting the composition of the coating. More complete fractography of these composites has now been performed. Time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) was used to identify the chemical species present on both the surface of the fibres and the composite fracture surfaces and so deduce their role in achieving adhesion between the fibre and matrix. By imaging the fracture surfaces with matrix, interphase and fibre specific secondary ions the locus of failure could be identified. It was found that changing the composition of the plasma polymer coating applied to the fibre moved the locus of failure from within the interphase to the interface. This demonstrates how the chemistry of the interphase can produce the desired fracture mechanics to optimise composite mechanical properties.     

模板法制备一维聚合物纳米材料的研究进展

一维聚合物纳米材料具有特殊的结构和性能，在纳米器件、药物释放、纳米传感器等方面有应用前景。采用模板法可以制备结构可控、排列规整的一维聚合物纳米材料。通常选用具有纳米孔洞的多孔膜作模板，通过在模板孔洞中进行电化学或化学聚合，或将聚合物的溶液或熔体引入孔洞中进行制备。文中综述了近年来采用模板法制备一维聚合物纳米材料的研究进展。     

Simple surface modification techniques for immobilization of biomolecules on SU-8

SU-8, an epoxy based negative photoresist polymer has found wide range of applications in the field of microfabrication based biosensors. SU-8 surfaces need to be modified in order to immobilize bioreceptors. We studied the possibility of grafting desired functional groups by means of simple chemical treatments under normal laboratory conditions. These chemical treatments involve the use of crosslinkers that are expected to react with epoxy groups or hydroxyl groups generated by acid/alkali treatment. Here, a comparison of the results obtained on surface modification using glycine and 11-mercapto undecanoic acid as crosslinkers is presented. Human Immunoglobin G (HIgG) was covalently immobilized to carboxylic acid on SU-8 surface using carbodiimide/succinimide chemistry. The activity of immobilized HIgG was verified by using fluorescence imaging of FITC tagged goat anti HIgG bound to the surface. Fluorescence imaging was used to determine the chemistry best suited to functionalize SU-8 surface for biosensor applications.     

Single-chamber filament-assisted chemical vapor deposition of polymer and organosilicate films for air gap interconnect formation

Air gaps introduced at the trench level of advanced interconnects provide a means of lowering effective dielectric constant, k_eff, without the use of mechanically weak ultra low-k films. Filament-assisted chemical vapor deposition (FACVD) is a promising technology for depositing polymers, dielectrics and metals. Initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD) is a novel one-step method of depositing polymers in the vapor phase while retaining properties found in solution chemistry. In this paper, we present a 300 mm FACVD tool employing iCVD and FACVD processes to deposit polymer adhesion promoter (AP), decomposable polymer (DP), and permeable SiCOH cap films for air gap integration. By decomposing the iCVD polymer to form voids, we show decreased capacitance for a 160 nm line-space single damascene structure.