TiN/MT-TiCN/Al2O3/ZrCN 多层涂层的热稳定性能研究

本文采用化学气相沉积(CVD)在WC-Co硬质合金基体上沉积TiN/MT-TiCN/Al2O3/ZrCN多层涂层,并进行微喷砂处理.采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、显微硬度计、划痕测试仪和往复式摩擦磨损实验机表征涂层的组织结构和性能,通过对比900℃和1 000℃真空退火前后涂层的显微组织结构及性能,研究其热稳定性能...     

微喷砂处理对TiN/MT-TiCN/Al2O3/TiOCN多层涂层摩擦磨损性能的影响

目的采用微喷砂的方法对TiN/MT-TiCN/Al_2O_3/TiOCN多层涂层进行后处理,研究其对涂层摩擦磨损性能的影响。方法采用化学气相沉积(CVD)的方法在硬质合金基体上沉积多层涂层,并进行微喷砂处理。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)表征涂层的显微组织结构,利用显微维氏硬度计、纳米压痕仪、X射线应力仪以及划痕仪测试涂层的硬度、应力和结合力,采用往复式多功能摩擦磨损试验机(UMT-3T)研究涂层的摩擦磨损性能。结果 TiN/MT-TiCN/Al_2O_3/TiOCN多层涂层经过微喷砂处理后,表层粗糙度改善,显微硬度提高21.4%,顶层TiOCN的纳米压痕硬度由微喷砂前的36.31 GPa增大至39.32 GPa,摩擦系数降低,磨损体积由微喷砂前的1.95×10~(-3) mm~3增大至2.26×10~(-3) mm~3,磨损率由微喷砂前的1.81×10~(-6) mm~3/(N·m)增大至2.10×10~(-6) mm~3/(N·m)。微喷砂后处理在提高TiOCN顶层硬度的同时,也减薄了TiOCN顶层的厚度,并使得TiOCN层表面出现明显的裂纹,Al_2O_3层的抗塑性变形能力变弱,从而使顶层TiOCN被提早磨穿,Al_2O_3层产生大量磨屑,加剧了磨损,微喷砂后涂层表现出较差的耐磨性。结论微喷砂处理可以有效改善涂层力学性能。但在涂层较薄的情况下,微喷砂处理造成的裂纹和减薄现象会使其整体耐磨损性能下降。     

Al2O3/Cu-WC复合材料载流磨损性能研究

对真空热压烧结的Al2O3/Cu-WC复合材料进行了载流磨损试验,并利用扫描电镜对复合材料的磨损表面及纵切面的微观形貌进行了观察和分析。结果表明,磨损率和摩擦因数随加载电流的增加而增大;磨损表面有WC颗粒的剥落和重新结晶的Al2O3颗粒,加剧了磨粒磨损,其主要磨损形式为粘着磨损、磨粒磨损、电烧蚀磨损。     

等离子喷涂Al2O3涂层与高硬配副的摩擦学性能研究

目的 研究大气等离子喷涂Al2O3涂层在高硬配副下的摩擦磨损行为.方法 通过大气等离子喷涂(APS)制备了厚度约为380μm的Al2O3涂层,利用纳米压痕仪测量了Al2O3涂层和两种摩擦副的硬度和弹性模量.采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对喷涂粉末、涂层以及磨痕的相结构和形貌进行了表征分析,通过X射线能量色散谱仪(EDS)分析了涂层磨痕中对偶元素的转移.另外,还通过CSM摩擦机系统地研究了该涂层的摩擦磨损行为.借助X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)分析了磨痕中的化学组成.结果 制备的Al2O3涂层主要以γ-Al2O3相为主,且存在一定孔隙,并出现层状结构.在摩擦实验中发现,在同一摩擦副下,Al2O3涂层的摩擦系数随着载荷的增加而逐渐降低,磨损率随之增大.由于摩擦配副力学性能的差异,使Al2O3涂层表现出不同的摩擦磨损行为.以Si3N4为摩擦副时,Al2O3涂层的摩擦系数较小,但磨损率大,磨损机制主要是磨粒磨损和粘着磨损.在摩擦过程中,Si3N4对偶副会与空气中的水反应,生成少量具有润滑效果的Si(OH)4胶体.以WC为摩擦副时,Al2O3涂层的摩擦系数大,但磨损率低,磨损机制主要是粘着磨损和磨粒磨损,并伴有疲劳磨损.在摩擦过程中,由于产生了摩擦热,Al2O3涂层磨痕表面的γ-Al2O3相转变为 α-Al2O3相,摩擦配副的硬度和弹性模量越大,摩擦系数越高,γ-Al2O3相的转变也越多.结论 因高硬度的Si3N4和WC对偶球拥有不同的力学性能,对大气等离子喷涂制备的Al2O3涂层的摩擦磨损机理有显著的影响,并且在摩擦过程中,涂层磨痕内的γ-Al2O3相会向α-Al2O3相转变.     

化学气相沉积MT-TiCN和HT-TiCN涂层的摩擦磨损性能

采用中温化学气相沉积(Medium Temperature Chemical Vapor Deposition MT-CVD)和高温化学气相沉积(High Temperature Chemical Vapor Deposition HT-CVD)在WC-Co硬质合金基体上沉积TiCN涂层。利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜表征涂层的显微组织结构,采用纳米压痕仪测试涂层的硬度,采用往复式多功能摩擦磨损试验机(UMT-3T)和表面轮廓仪研究MT-TiCN和HT-TiCN涂层的摩擦磨损性能。结果表明:HT-TiCN涂层比MT-TiCN涂层C/N比大,晶粒尺寸较小,硬度较高。MT-TiCN涂层表面晶粒呈透镜状,表面较为粗糙,摩擦系数较大。HT-TiCN涂层由透镜状晶粒和细小的等轴晶组成,表面较为光滑,摩擦系数较小。MTTiCN涂层磨损机制除磨粒磨损外,还包括粘着磨损和氧化磨损;HT-TiCN涂层磨损机制主要是磨粒磨损。HT-TiCN涂层晶粒形貌特殊、硬度较高、摩擦系数较小,因此,耐磨性比MT-TiCN涂层更好。     

内生氧化铝颗粒增强高熵复合涂层的制备及其减摩性能的研究

目的 研究铝含量对内生氧化铝颗粒增强高熵复合涂层的组织结构及其摩擦学性能的影响.方法 在激光熔覆过程中,利用铝热反应将金属氧化物还原,并沉积在Q235钢表面,制备内生Al2O3陶瓷颗粒增强的AlxCoCrFeNi(x=0,0.3,1,1.5,2)高熵复合涂层.通过XRD、SEM、EDS、XPS、RAMAN及摩擦磨损测试仪等检测方法,研究高熵复合涂层的组织结构及其摩擦学性能.结果 涂层中含有大量弥散分布的纳米级Al2O3陶瓷颗粒.随着Al含量的增加,高熵复合涂层逐渐由FCC与BCC共存的形式转变为单相BCC的显微组织.同时,载荷为10 N时,高熵复合涂层的摩擦系数和磨损率均随着Al含量的上升而下降.Al2CoCrFeNi具有最低的平均滑动摩擦系数(0.15)和最低的磨损率(1.01×10–6 mm3/(N·m)),分别为Q235钢基体的1/4和1/38.当AlxCoCrFeNi系涂层中,当x增加至2时,磨痕表面的逐层剥落现象消失.涂层的主要磨损形式由氧化磨损和疲劳磨损转变为轻微的磨粒磨损.载荷为20 N时,Al2CoCrFeNi涂层的平均摩擦系数上升至0.325.结论 增加复合涂层中Al元素的含量可以稳定BCC相,并细化组织.同时,过量Al元素有抑制Fe元素氧化、降低摩擦表面Fe2O3含量、提高Fe3O4含量的作用,从而显著降低复合涂层的摩擦系数,并提高其减摩和耐磨性能.     

TiN/TiAlN涂层金属陶瓷的摩擦学性能研究

采用多弧离子镀技术在Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷基体上沉积了TiN/TiAlN多层涂层,通过对不同速度、载荷下的微量摩擦磨损试验前后涂层金属陶瓷的显微形貌、组织、成分、相结构及粗糙度的观察分析,研究了涂层金属陶瓷的摩擦学性能.结果表明,TiN/TiAlN涂层金属陶瓷的平均摩擦系数均低于金属陶瓷基体本身的平均摩擦系数;在相同载荷下,滑动速度较低时,涂层金属陶瓷磨损表面粘着严重,有GCr15掉下的大块粘着物,随着滑动速度的增大,由严重粘着对磨偶件材料向少量粘着变化,其平均摩擦系数增大.在相同的滑动速度下,载荷较大时,TiN/TiAlN涂层金属陶瓷的平均摩擦系数较大.TiN/TiAlN涂层金属陶瓷的磨损机制主要是粘着磨损和磨粒磨损.     

载荷对钛合金Al2O3Y2O3/AlY复合涂层摩擦学性能的影响

为了提高耐摩擦磨损性能,采用磁控溅射技术在γTiAl钛合金表面制备了Al2O3Y2O3/AlY复合涂层。检测了涂层的厚度、表面硬度、微观组织和成分变化。通过在130g、230g和330g载荷下采用GCr15钢球作摩擦副进行的摩擦磨损试验,研究了有和无复合涂层的γTiAl合金的耐摩擦磨损性能。结果表明:Al2O3Y2O3/AlY复合涂层的厚度约为33μm,由Al2O3Y2O3层、AlY层和扩散层组成,平均表面硬度为433.4HV0.1。带复合涂层的γTiAl合金摩擦因数和比磨损率均比无涂层γTiAl合金的小。在不同的摩擦磨损试验载荷下,无涂层γTiAl合金的磨损机制为磨粒磨损和黏着磨损,而有Al2O3Y2O3/AlY复合涂层的γTiAl合金则主要是磨粒磨损和氧化磨损。     

TiN/TiCN/Al2O3/TiN与TiN/TiCN/Al2O3/TiCNO多层涂层的组织性能比较

目的对比TiN/TiCN/Al_2O_3/TiN和TiN/TiCN/Al_2O_3/TiCNO两种多层涂层的组织性能。方法采用化学气相沉积(CVD)技术在硬质合金基体上沉积TiN/TiCN/Al_2O_3/TiN和TiN/TiCN/Al_2O_3/TiCNO两种多层涂层。通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析涂层的物相和组织形貌,采用纳米力学测试系统测试涂层顶层的硬度和弹性模量,利用显微维氏硬度计和划痕仪分别测量涂层的显微硬度和结合强度,利用往复式多功能摩擦磨损试验机研究涂层的摩擦磨损性能。结果顶层TiN晶粒为柱状晶,顶层TiCNO晶粒呈细针状。与顶层TiN相比,顶层TiCNO硬度更大,抗塑性变形能力更强。与以TiN为顶层的多层涂层相比,以TiCNO为顶层的多层涂层表面粗糙度、摩擦系数较大,结合强度较低。当磨损只发生在顶层时,耐磨性取决于顶层涂层的性能,TiN/TiCN/Al_2O_3/TiN的磨损体积和磨损率为TiN/TiCN/Al_2O_3/TiCNO的1.2倍。当磨损进行到顶层与Al_2O_3层界面时,结合强度对耐磨性也有重要影响,TiN/TiCN/Al_2O_3/TiN的磨损体积和磨损率是TiN/TiCN/Al_2O_3/TiCNO的82%。结论与TiN/TiCN/Al_2O_3/TiN相比,TiN/TiCN/Al_2O_3/TiCNO的顶层TiCNO硬度较大,抗塑性变形能力强,其顶层耐磨性较好。改善TiN/TiCN/Al_2O_3/TiCNO多层涂层表面粗糙度和结合强度将进一步提高该涂层的摩擦磨损性能。     

电沉积Ni-P/纳米Al_2O_3复合镀层的摩擦磨损与耐铝液侵蚀性能

研究电沉积Ni-P/纳米Al2O3复合镀层的干摩擦磨损性能和耐铝液侵蚀性能,采用扫描电镜(SEM)观察Ni-P/纳米Al2O3复合镀层的磨损表面形貌以及铝与Ni-P/纳米Al2O3复合镀层的界面结构。结果表明:Ni-P/纳米Al2O3复合镀层(镀态)与淬火45钢对摩时的摩擦因数为0.45～0.55,磨损表现为疲劳剥落;经400℃热处理后,Ni-P/纳米Al2O3复合镀层与淬火45钢对摩的摩擦因数为0.20～0.24,磨损机理表现为轻微粘着和磨蚀;铝液在Ni-P/纳米Al2O3复合镀层表面的润湿角为109,Ni-P/纳米Al2O3复合镀层具有良好的耐铝液侵蚀性能。     

Structural, mechanical and corrosion properties of TiOxNy/ZrOxNy multilayer coatings

Results on the deposition and characterization of TiO_xN_y/ZrO_xN_y multilayers, with bilayer periods of 20 and 400 nm, are presented. The coatings were deposited on TiNiNb alloy substrates by the pulsed magnetron sputtering method. The elemental composition, hardness, adhesion and corrosion resistance of the coatings were analyzed.As resulted from the XPS analysis, the individual layers consisted of a mixture of titanium or zirconium oxynitrides and corresponding oxides. X-ray analysis revealed that the coatings were amorphous. Only slight differences between the microhardness and adhesion values of the coatings with small and large bilayer period Λ were found. The experiments also showed that the multilayered coatings improved the corrosion resistance of the uncoated alloy and reduced the amount of ion release in artificial body fluids.     

生物医用NiTi形状记忆合金腐蚀研究进展

镍钛形状记忆合金(NiTi-SMA)具有较好的耐腐蚀和机械性能,在口腔和临床医学中有着大量而广泛的应用。NiTi-SMA腐蚀后释放Ni²⁺会引发细胞毒性和过敏反应,进一步提高NiTi-SMA的耐蚀性是目前生物医学材料领域发展的核心之一。本文对近年来国内外有关口腔医学和临床医学中常用NiTi-SMA的腐蚀研究现状进行了总结,同时也对NiTi-SMA增材制造及表面改性技术进行了评述,以期为开发高性能抗腐蚀生物医用NiTi-SMA提供一定的指导意义。     

Li掺杂Ba(Ti1/7Sn1/7Zr1/7Hf1/7Nb1/7Ga1/7Li(1/7-x))O3高熵陶瓷的制备及介电性能研究

近年来,在高熵合金基础上发展起来的高熵陶瓷逐渐引起了研究者的广泛关注,其出现为开发高性能的无机非金属材料提供了新的设计思路。本文采用固相法制备了BaMO3基钙钛矿型高熵陶瓷Ba(Ti1/7Sn1/7Zr1/7Hf1/7Nb1/7Ga1/7Li(1/7-x))O3 (x = 0, 2.3%, 5.3%, 8.3%, 11.3%),并研究了Li含量对高熵陶瓷物相结构、微观形貌及介电性能的影响。结果表明,Li含量对陶瓷结构的影响不大,陶瓷均保持立方钙钛矿结构,且无杂相产生;陶瓷的晶粒尺寸相对较均匀。当x = 0时,即B位七元等摩尔比Ba(Ti1/7Sn1/7Zr1/7Hf1/7Nb1/7Ga1/7Li1/7)O3高熵陶瓷,其介电常数达到了最大值2920 (@100 Hz),相较于已报道的不掺Li的六元高熵钙钛矿陶瓷Ba(Ti1/6Sn1/6Zr1/6Hf1/6Nb1/6Ga1/6)O3提升了近50倍。     

MOCVD growth and characterizations of BxAl1−xAs and BxAl1−x−yInyAs alloys

Zinc-blende B_xAl_1−xAs and B_xAl_1−x−yIn_yAs alloys have been grown on exactly oriented (0 0 1)GaAs substrates by low pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (LP-MOCVD). The influence of susceptor coating, growth temperature and gas-phase boron mole fraction on boron incorporation into AlAs has been comprehensively investigated. It has been found that boron incorporation into AlAs could be enhanced and the optimal growth temperature range of B_xAl_1−xAs alloys changed from 580 °C to 610 °C when SiC-coated graphite susceptors were replaced by the non-coated ones. In this study, the maximum boron composition x of 2.8% was achieved for the pseudomorphically strained B_xAl_1−xAs alloys. AFM measurements show that RMS roughness of B_xAl_1−xAs alloys increased sharply with the increase of gas-phase boron mole fraction. Raman spectra of B_xAl_1−xAs alloys show a linear increase of the BAs shift with boron composition x. Based on BAlAs deposition, bulk B_xAl_1−x−yIn_yAs (x = 1.9%) quaternary alloy was grown lattice-matched to GaAs successfully. Moreover, 10-period BAlAs/GaAs and BAlInAs/GaAs MQW heterostructures were also demonstrated.     

Hydrothermal synthesis of superconductors Ba1−xKxBiO3 and double perovskites Ba1−xKxBi1−yNayO3

Superconductors Ba_1−xK_xBiO₃ and body-centered double perovskites Ba_1−xK_xBi_1−yNa_yO₃ have been selectively synthesized by a facile hydrothermal route. The appropriate ratio and adding sequence of initial reagents, alkalinity, reaction temperature and time are the critical factors that influence the crystal growth of the compounds. The purity and homogeneity of the crystals were detected by the ICP, SEM, EDX and TEM studies. Magnetic measurements show that the superconducting transition temperatures T_C of Ba_1−xK_xBiO₃ decrease from 22 K (for x = 0.35) to 8 K (for x = 0.55) with increasing the K doping level.     

Magnetic phase diagrams of the TbRh2−xPdxPdxSi2 and TbRu2−xPdxSi2 systems

The a.c. susceptibility and high field magnetization on TbRh_2−xPd_xPd_xSi₂ and TbRu_2−xPd_xSi₂ compounds were investigated up to 140 kOe. The (T,x) magnetic phase diagrams were determined. For both systems, an increase in the Pd content causes a decrease in the Néel temperature and changes the magnetization curves.     

High strength and good ductility of casting Al-Cu alloy modified by PrxOy and LaxOy

A modified Al-Cu alloy with high tensile strength and ductility of about 574.0 MPa and 10.4%, respectively, was obtained by adding multiple rare earth oxides (Pr_xO_y and La_xO_y) as modifier. Compared with the unmodified Al-Cu alloy, the tensile strength and ductility of the modified sample were increased by 24.3% and 42.5%, respectively. The improvement both in the strength and ductility may attribute to the finer crystal grains and dendrites, more homogeneously distributed θ′ phase precipitates and the intermetallic compounds formed at the crystal grain boundaries as well as in the space of the dendrites.     

Si3N4/Ti/Cu/Ni/Cu/Ti/Si3N4二次部分瞬间液相连接强度

采用Ti/Cu／Ni中间层对Si3N4陶瓷进行二次部分瞬间液相(PTLP)连接，研究连接工艺参数对Si3N4／Ti/Cu／Ni连接强度的影响，同时研究了连接强度随试验温度的变化规律。结果表明，在该试验条件下，室温连接强度随着二次连接温度的提高和二次保温时间的延长而提高，改变连接工艺参数对Si3N4／Ti/Cu／Ni二次PTLP连接界面反应层厚度无明显影响；连接强度在试验温度400℃时达到最大，随后随试验温度升高，连接强度降低，但在800℃前，其高温强度具有很好的稳定性。     

Structural analysis of sputtered (W-C)1−xMx (MFe, Co) films with 0x0.20

Structural characterization of (W-C)_1-xM_x (MFe, Co) films with 0x0.20 was carried out using electron probe microanal ysis (EPMA), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy-electron diffraction (TEM-ED). The results showed that the structure of these films depends on the percentage of iron and cobalt and becomes amorphous with increasing content of these elements. The microstructure of the crystalline coatings was found to be composed of small grains of β-WC_1-x with a high number of defects. A strong β-WC_1-x[311] texture was observed for iron and cobalt contents around 5.5 at.%. The films richer in iron and cobalt showed typical amorphous XRD and ED patterns, exhibiting two broad peaks and two wide diffuse rings respectively. Moreover, bright-field analysis revealed fairly contrasted images, the structure of these films being difficult to resolve.