PBS/埃洛石纳米管复合材料的制备与性能

利用Brabender转矩流变仪,通过熔融共混法直接制备了聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBS)/埃洛石纳米管(HNT)复合材料。研究了HNT含量对其在PBS基体中的分散性以及复合材料力学性能、热稳定性能和结晶性能的影响。扫描电镜结果显示:在质量分数为10%时,HNT能以单管形式均匀分散在PBS基体中。随着HNT含量的增加,PBS/HNT复合材料的拉伸模量、弯曲强度和弯曲模量显著提高,但其断裂伸长率和热稳定性有所降低。差示扫描量热分析表明:HNT在PBS中能起到异相成核作用,提高了PBS基体的结晶温度和结晶度。     

PBS/PLA/滑石粉3D打印线材制备及熔融沉积成型工艺研究

以聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBS)为基体,滑石粉和聚乳酸(PLA)为改性剂,采用熔融挤出法制备了PBS/PLA/滑石粉三维 （3D）打印线材,并对其进行了熔融成型研究。通过分析结晶性能、流变性能、力学性能、断面形貌和打印效果对PBS/PLA/滑石粉体系进行了探究。结果表明,PLA的加入使PBS的结晶温度下降了5 ℃;随着PLA含量的增加,材料的复数黏度、储能模量和损耗模量均得到提高;而拉伸强度则随PLA含量的增加下降了1.71 MPa,缺口冲击强度下降了2.63 kJ/m2;PLA含量的增加使断面逐渐粗糙;在打印效果上复合材料的打印模型随PLA含量的增加而变得美观规整,当底板温度高于110 ℃时,打印制件的翘曲度较低,同时拉伸强度随着打印温度的升高而增加。     

聚乳酸/聚丙烯/淀粉复合材料的制备及性能研究

采用模压成型制备了聚乳酸(PLA)/聚丙烯(PP)和PLA/PP/淀粉两种复合材料。主要研究了复合材料的热性能、力学性能和降解性能。结果表明:对于PLA/PP复合材料而言,复合材料的熔融温度先增加后降低,结晶度随PLA的含量增加而变大,而且出现了结晶双峰。力学性能相较与纯PLA,断裂伸长率明显提高,拉伸强度有所下降,最大下降28.02 MPa。降解性能随PLA增加而增强。而对于PLA/PP/淀粉复合材料,熔融温度变为先降低后增加的趋势,复合材料的玻璃化温度也减小,材料的可塑性得到提高;在PLA/PP比例相同条件下,PLA的结晶度有明显提高,PLA的结晶峰强度增加。对于力学性能,淀粉的加入,明显降低了其拉伸强度和断裂伸长率,PLA与PP质量比为3/7时,表现出硬而韧的特性,材料具有单向拉伸,不会立即脆断。对于材料降解性能,淀粉的存在对复合材料的降解能力得到明显的提高,当PLA与PP质量比为3/7时,材料的降解率最高为14.78%,是PLA/PP复合材料最大降解率的4.3倍,并且材料上出现了黄褐色斑点。     

PBS/增塑淀粉复合材料的制备与性能

比较了4种不同偶联剂对聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBS)/增塑淀粉复合材料力学性能的影响,并探讨了KH550改性的增塑淀粉用量对复合材料力学性能的影响,采用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、偏光显微镜(POM)和红外光谱仪(FT-IR)进行了表征。结果表明,偶联剂种类对复合材料拉伸强度的影响顺序为KH560、KH550、NDZ-201和AEG,对断裂伸长率的影响顺序为AEG,KH550,NDZ-201和KH560;随KH550含量的增加,PBS/增塑淀粉复合材料的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率得到增加,当含量大于淀粉用量的1. 5%后,影响较小。当加入30%的KH550改性增塑淀粉,拉伸强度较纯PBS下降55. 79%;断裂伸长率下降60. 27%。DSC结果表明,改性增塑淀粉对PBS的结晶和熔融行为影响较小。红外光谱显示,PBS/增塑淀粉复合材料比纯PBS在3 362 cm~(-1)和1 628 cm~(-1)处多出现了羟基和羰基的特征峰。POM显示,加入改性增塑淀粉后,PBS仍出现环带球晶特征,但随淀粉含量的增加,PBS球晶出现的缺陷越多。     

木薯渣/聚丁二酸丁二醇酯全降解复合材料的制备与力学性能

木薯渣作为一种生物质废弃物,其主要成分为淀粉和纤维素,具有良好的生物降解性,可与生物可降解的聚合物进行共混制备全降解复合材料。将木薯渣与聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBS)在密炼机中进行共混,制备出木薯渣/聚丁二酸丁二醇酯全降解复合材料,并研究木薯渣含量对复合材料的拉伸、弯曲、冲击力学性能的影响。结果表明,复合材料的拉伸强度、拉伸模量、断裂伸长率、弯曲强度都较纯PBS的低,随着木薯渣含量的增大而降低;木薯渣质量分数为10%的复合材料的弯曲模量较PBS的高,随后随着木薯渣含量的增大而降低;随着木薯渣含量的增加,复合材料的冲击强度先减小后增大最后减小,其在木薯渣质量分数为20%时出现一个最大值,但较PBS的冲击强度低。     

碳酸钙改性PBAT的力学性能及结晶行为

以可生物降解塑料聚己二酸对苯二甲酸丁二酯(PBAT)为基体、工业级CaCO₃为填料,采用熔融共混制备PBAT/CaCO₃复合材料。探究CaCO₃含量对复合材料力学性能和结晶行为的影响,并且,筛选出综合力学性能较好的PBAT/CaCO₃复合材料。力学性能测试结果表明,添加少量CaCO₃(5%、10%)后,PBAT/CaCO₃复合材料的拉伸强度有小幅降低,断裂伸长率和冲击强度增大;当CaCO₃含量达到20%及以上时,复合材料的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率和冲击强度均显著降低,与纯PBAT相比,最大降幅分别为36.40%、60.00%、87.42%;弯曲强度、弯曲模量、拉伸模量均随CaCO₃含量的增加而增大。DSC结果表明,添加CaCO₃后,PBAT/CaCO₃复合材料的熔融和结晶温度均显著提高,结晶度降低,透明性降低。     

聚丁二酸丁二酯/丙三醇增塑淀粉的制备及性能

用丙三醇增塑玉米淀粉制备热塑性淀粉,采用熔融共混法制备了聚丁二酸丁二酯(PBS)/丙三醇增塑玉米淀粉(GTPS)复合材料。用红外光谱(FTIR)、宽角-X射线衍射(WXRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)等方法研究了复合材料的相容性、结晶性能、力学性能、微观形貌及降解性能。结果表明:加入淀粉未改变PBS的晶型;丙三醇对淀粉的塑化只发生在淀粉的非晶区;加入淀粉,PBS的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率降低,冲击强度上升;随丙三醇含量上升,体系的力学性能下降。     

PA6/SMA/LGF复合材料的制备及其性能研究

采用熔融共混法制备了聚酰胺6/苯乙烯-马来酸酐共聚物/长玻璃纤维(PA6/SMA/LGF)复合材料,利用差示扫描量热法(DSC)、热重分析(TGA)、热变形温度及力学性能测试等手段研究了LGF含量对PA6/SMA/LGF复合材料熔融结晶行为、热性能及力学性能的影响。结果表明:随着LGF含量的增加,PA6/SMA/LGF复合材料的结晶温度、结晶度以及熔融焓均先升高再降低,而且复合材料的最大分解温度较纯PA6显著提高;另外,随着LGF含量的增加,PA6/SMA/LGF复合材料的热性能及力学性能均明显改善,其中当LGF含量为27%时,复合材料的热变形温度、弯曲强度、弯曲模量、拉伸强度和冲击强度分别增至206.0℃、227.8 MPa、7 335 MPa、180.6 MPa和18.7 kJ/m2。     

CaCl_2含量对PA1010/CaCl_2复合材料结构与性能的影响

采用熔融挤出的方法制备了PA1010/CaCl2复合材料,研究了CaCl2含量对PA1010/CaCl2复合材料的结晶行为、力学性能及流动性能的影响。结果表明:CaCl2的加入提高了PA1010的结晶速率和结晶温度,降低了PA1010的结晶度;随着CaCl2含量的增加,拉伸强度及断裂伸长率先增大后减小,弯曲强度先减小后增大,缺口冲击强度逐渐增大,熔体质量流动速率及热变形温度逐渐减小。     

柠檬酸对合成聚丁二酸丁二醇酯性能的影响

以丁二酸、丁二醇和柠檬酸为原料,采用熔融缩聚法合成了支化或微交联的聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBS),采用核磁共振氢谱(1H-NMR)对结构进行了表征;采用乌氏黏度计、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、力学性能测试仪对其性能进行了研究。结果表明:随着柠檬酸含量的增加,PBS聚合物凝胶含量、特性黏数增加;拉伸强度、拉伸模量提高,而断裂伸长率降低;柠檬酸的引入,有利于PBS分子链结晶,并且使聚合物结晶温度提高。     

Effects of Filler Loading and Different Preparation Methods on Properties of Cassava Starch/Natural Rubber Composites

Cassava starch-filled natural rubber (NR) composites were prepared by using direct blending and co-coagulation method. The effects of two different method and cassava starch loading on morphology, mechanical properties and thermal properties of cassava starch/NR composites were studied. X-ray diffraction results and scanning electron microscopy images proved that co-coagulation method promotes better dispersion of cassava starch than direct blending method. The composites prepared by co-coagulation method exhibited higher values of tensile strength, tear strength, hardness, and thermal stability. The optimum value of tensile strength and tear strength of cassava starch/NR composites were achieved at a 10 phr cassava starch loading.     

Mechanical,Water Absorption and Enzymatic Degradation Properties of Sago Starch Filled Linear Low Density Polyethylene

Abstract

Sago starch filled linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) composites, have been prepared by melt mixing of the granular starch and LLDPE in a HAAKE internal mixer. The tensile, water absorption and enzymatic degradation properties of the composites have been determined. Incorporation of sago starch into LLDPE led to decrease in tensile strength and elongation at break of the composites. Up to 15 wt.% of sago starch could be added to LLDPE without adverse effects on the tensile properties. The water uptake increased with immersion time and the rate of absorption is strongly controlled by the immersion temperatures. Dramatic reduction in tensile properties were observed in the composites that were immersed in water at 90[ddot]C. The recovery of the tensile strength and elongation at break upon redrying is about 37.5 and 1.6% respectively. The permanent damage to the composites was attributed to severe hydrolysis of the starch particles. The enzymatic degradation study using oc-amylase revealed that both tensile strength and elongation at break reduced with time of treatment. Mode of failures of both LLDPE matrix and its sago starch filled composites, assessed by fracto-graphic analysis in a scanning electron microscope (SEM) are discussed.     

Biodegradable fibre reinforced composites composed of polylactic acid and polybutylene succinate

Abstract

Recent concern over the harmful effects on the ecology of long lasting plastics has led to heightened interest in the development of more environmentally sustainable materials. Attention has been paid to biodegradable thermoplastic polymers, polylactic acid (PLA) and polybutylene succinate (PBS). However, although these materials have been widely used as matrix in a composite, the potential of biopolymers as reinforcement in a composite structural system has been examined less. Two types of unidirectional biodegradable composites, PLA self-reinforced and PLA reinforced PBS matrix composites, were produced. The composites were tested for Young’s modulus, tensile strength and strain at break. Cross-section and fracture surface characteristics of the composites were also examined by scanning electron microscopy to identify damage modes. It is found that the tensile strength of both PLA self-reinforced and PLA–PBS composites is increased by 10–40%, while their initial modulus is 2–6 times higher than that measured for PLA and PBS films.     

Mechanical and thermal properties of starch‐filled poly(D,L‐lactic acid)/poly(hydroxy ester ether) biodegradable blends

The mechanical, structural, and thermal properties of injection‐molded composites of granular cornstarch, poly(D ,L ‐lactic acid) (PDLLA), and poly(hydroxy ester ether) (PHEE) were investigated. These composites had high tensile strengths, ranging from 17 to 66 MPa, at starch loadings of 0–70 wt %. Scanning electron microscopy micrographs of fracture specimens revealed good adhesion between the starch granule and the polymer matrix, as evidenced by broken starch granules. The adhesion of the starch granules to the polymer matrix was the greatest when the matrix PDLLA/PHEE ratios ranged from zero to unity. At a PDLLA/PHEE ratio of less than unity, as the starch content increased in the composites, there was an increase in the tensile strength and modulus, with a concurrent decrease in elongation. The effects of starch on the mechanical properties of starch/PDLLA composites showed that as the starch content of the composite increased, the tensile strength and elongation to break decreased, whereas Young's modulus increased. In contrast, the tensile strength of starch/PHEE composites increased with increasing starch content. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 88: 1775–1786, 2003     

Biodegradable poly(lactic acid)/poly(butylene succinate)/wood flour composites: Physical and morphological properties

This work sought to improve the toughness and thermal stability of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) by incorporating poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) and wood flour (WF). The PLA/PBS blends showed a PBS‐dose‐dependent increase in the impact strength, elongation at break, degree of crystallinity, and thermal stability compared to the PLA, but the tensile strength, Young's modulus, and flexural strength were all decreased with increasing PBS content. Based on the optimum impact strength and elongation at break, the 70/30 (w/w) PLA/PBS blend was selected for preparing composites with five loadings of WF (5–30 phr). The impact strength, tensile strength, flexural strength, and thermal stability of the PLA/PBS/WF composites decreased with increasing WF content, and the degree of crystallinity was slightly increased compared to the 70/30 (w/w) PLA/PBS blend. Based on differential scanning calorimetry, the inclusion of PBS and WF into PLA did not significantly change the glass transition and melting temperatures of PLA in the PLA/PBS blends and PLA/PBS/WF composites. From the observed cold crystallization temperature of PLA in the samples, it was evident that the degree of crystallinity of PLA in all the blends and composites was higher than that of PLA. The PLA/PBS blend and PLA/PBS/WF composite degraded faster than PLA during three months in natural soil, which was due to the fast degradation rate of PBS. POLYM. COMPOS., 38:2841–2851, 2017. © 2016 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Polypropylene and potato starch biocomposites: Physicomechanical and thermal properties

To determine the possibility of using starch as biodegradable filler in the thermoplastic polymer matrix, starch‐filled polypropylene (PP) composites were prepared by extrusion of PP resin with 5, 10, 15, and 20 wt % of potato starch in corotating twin‐screw extruder. The extruded strands were cut into pellets and injection molded to make test specimens. These specimens were tested for physicomechanical properties such as tensile and flexural properties, Izod impact strength, density, and water absorption. These PP composites were further characterized by melt flow index (MFI), vicat softening point (VSP), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) techniques. It was found that, with increase in starch content, tensile modulus, flexural strength, and flexural modulus of the PP composites increased along with the increase in moisture, water absorption, and density, while retaining the VSP; but, tensile strength and elongation, impact strength, hardness, and MFI of the PP composites also decreased. DSC analysis of the PP composite revealed the reduction in melting temperature, heat of fusion, and percentage of crystallization of PP with increase in starch content. Similarly, TGA traces display enhanced thermal degradability for PP as starch content increases. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

偶联剂对PBS/碳酸钙晶须复合材料力学性能与热稳定性的影响

用γ氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷（KH550）对碳酸钙晶须(CCW)表面处理后,与聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBS)混合,采用双螺杆挤出机熔融混合挤出造粒,制得PBS/CCW复合材料。结果表明,在1 %~5 %（质量分数,下同）的低添加量时,PBS/CCW复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度和冲击强度分别增加了1 %~3.9 %、10 %~16 %和1 %~4.5 %;CCW添加量大于5 %时复合材料的拉伸强度与CCW添加量大于10 %时的冲击强度则分别随CCW添加量的增加而降低,而弯曲强度随CCW添加量的增加而逐渐提升; KH550表面处理CCW可以改善PBS/CCW复合材料的界面黏结性;CCW具有成核剂的作用, 使PBS的结晶温度提高了0.2 ℃,结晶度增加了0.2 %。     

偶联剂对淀粉/丁苯橡胶复合材料性能的影响

采用乳液共混法制备了淀粉/丁苯橡胶(SBR)以及间苯二酚甲醛树脂(RF)改性淀粉/SBR复合材料,考察了偶联剂对2种复合材料硫化特性、力学性能的影响,并用扫描电镜观察了其相态结构。结果表明,各种偶联剂都能在一定程度上提高淀粉/SBR复合材料的拉伸强度和撕裂强度,其中γ-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷(KH-550)和N-β(氨基乙基)-γ-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷(KH-792)的增强效果最为显著;采用RF对淀粉进行改性,RF改性淀粉/SBR复合材料的力学性能较之淀粉/SBR复合材料的力学性能有了进一步提高。橡胶相与淀粉相界面结合的改善是RF改性淀粉/SBR复合材料力学性能提高的主要原因。     

Enhanced biodegradation and processability of biodegradable package from poly(lactic acid)/poly(butylene succinate)/rice-husk green composites

This work aims to study the possibility to process PLA/PBS/RH green composites into hexagonal plant-pots employing a large-scale industrial operation using injection molding. Green composites based on poly(lactic acid) (PLA), poly(butylene succinate) (PBS), and rice husk (RH) with various RH contents (10–30%wt.) were produced successfully using a twin-screw extruder. The compatibility of RH-matrix was improved by chemical surface modifications using a coupling agent. RH was analyzed as an effective filler for PLA to develop green composites with low cost, high biodegradability, improved processability, and comparable mechanical properties as unfilled PLA. With increasing RH content, tensile modulus of the composites increased gradually. The addition of PBS, at PLA/PBS ratio of 60/40, improved the elongation at break and impact strength of PLARH30 by 55% and 7.1%, respectively. The suitable processing temperatures for PLA decreased from 220–230°C to 170–180°C when 30%wt. RH was composited into PLA matrix and were further reduced when PBS was applied. After biodegradation via either enzymatic degradation or hydrolysis, surface erosion with a large number of voids, mass loss, and the substantial decrease in tensile strength of all the composites were observed. In addition, the biodegradation of the composites has been improved by the addition of either RH or PBS.     

Effects of poly(butylene succinate) and ultrafine wollastonite on the physical properties of plasticized poly(vinyl chloride)

In this study, diisononyl phthalate (DINP), a conventional plasticizer of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), was partially replaced by a polymeric plasticizer, poly(butylene succinate) (PBS), in order to reduce the leaching out of low‐molecular‐weight plasticizer from the plasticized PVC. Samples were prepared by melt mixing on a two‐roll mill followed by compression molding into a 3‐mm thick sheet. The DINP/PBS‐plasticized PVC provides a dose‐dependent increase in the tensile properties (tensile strength, Young's modulus, and elongation at break), tear strength, and thermal stability, as compared with the DINP‐plasticized PVC. According to the overall properties, PVC plasticized with 10/30 phr (parts by weight per hundred parts of resin) DINP/PBS was selected for preparing composites with varied loadings of an ultrafine wollastonite (particle size of 1,200 mesh). Their tensile properties, tear strength, thermal stability, and morphology were evaluated and compared with the 40 phr of DINP‐plasticized PVC composites. The results showed an increase in the Young's modulus and thermal stability but a decrease in the tensile strength, elongation at break, and tear strength of either 40 phr of DINP‐ or 10/30 phr of DINP/PBS‐plasticized PVC composites. Therefore, the products may be useful where the dimensional and thermal stability of the plasticized PVC are needed. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL. 21:220–227, 2015. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers