四苯基乙烯衍生物光物理和光化学研究

设计合成了一个四苯基乙烯衍生物Model-TPE,该化合物具有典型的聚集诱导发光(AIE)特性。1 HNMR、质谱以及高效液相色谱研究表明,有氧条件下Model-TPE经紫外光照射发生关环反应,生成二苯基取代菲衍生物,取代和未取代苯环侧关环反应得到异构体产物,提出了光氧化关环反应机理。本工作对TPE衍生物在发光及传感领域的应用有一定的指导意义。     

提高等离子荧光粉发光性能的实验研究

对几种等离子荧光粉的发光和发射性能进行了测试，选择了蓝色和绿色荧光粉用高温固相反应法进行掺杂Mg、Sr、Eu、La、Ca等稀土离子，来提高荧光粉的发光性能。发光性能的测试结果表明，在一定浓度范围内，Sr，La和Mg的掺杂能够有效地提高BaAl12O19：Mn在真空紫外线激发下的发光强度；晶体结构中，Mg取代了部分Al的晶格位置，Sr和La取代了部分Ba的晶格位置。Mg的掺杂使得BaAl12O19：Mn晶胞参数中的a值增大，c值减小，晶胞体积增大，而Sr和La对Ba的取代使得BaAl12O19：Mn的a,c值和晶胞体积都减小，因而减小了对发光有害的缺陷浓度，并增加了荧光粉的热稳定性，减少了余辉长度，提高了荧光粉的发光性能。     

两种三苯胺氰基取代二苯乙烯类席夫碱衍生物的合成及性质

以三苯胺、对硝基苯乙腈等为原料,采用亲核取代反应、Vilsmeier甲酰化、Knoevenagel反应等合成了三苯胺基氰基取代二苯乙烯类席夫碱衍生物Y1,Y2。运用质谱、核磁共振谱进行了表征,同时研究了目标分子的聚集诱导发光效应、电化学性质和在六种不同极性溶剂中的紫外可见吸收、荧光发射性质。为寻找新的发光材料进行了有益的探索。     

含有均二苯乙烯基的苯并二口恶唑衍生物的合成及荧光特性

引言 目前人们已发现许多均二苯乙烯衍生物具有蓝色发光的特性[1-2],此类有机共轭小分子作为空穴型光电发光材料的共轭化学结构已确定并且发光色度纯,两个苯环上引入取代基对其发光波长和光量子效率还有调节作用,合成方法也比较简单[3-4].     

稀土掺杂对绿色荧光粉BaAl12O19:Mn性能的影响

研究了Mg，La，Ce掺杂对BaAO19：Mn晶体结构和发光性能的影响。晶体结构的研究结果发现：La、Ce取代了部分Ba的晶格位置，Mg和Mn取代了部分Al的晶格位置，Ce和La对Ba的取代使得BaAl12O19：Mn晶胞体积减小，Mg的掺杂使得BaAl12O19：Mn晶胞体积增大。发光性能的测试结果表明，在一定的浓度范围内，Mg，La，Ce都有效地提高了BaAl12O19：Mn在真空紫外下的发光强度。     

发光碳量子点的合成与毒性

综述了近几年国内外碳量子点的研究现状,对电弧法、激光剥蚀法、电化学法、燃烧-水热法、模板法等合成碳量子点的方法进行了介绍,论述了碳量子点的发光性质及毒性。碳量子点有望取代传统半导体量子点,在生物成像、发光探针分析等领域进行广泛的应用。     

DDBAC与取代芳烃对发光菌联合毒性作用

表面活性剂和芳烃化合物的大量生产与使用干扰了自然生态系统的物理、化学和生物过程。以发光菌作为指示生物测定了阳离子表面活性剂十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化胺(DDBAC)与苯酚、甲苯和硝基苯对发光菌的单一毒性,以及等摩尔浓度配比下DDBAC与3种取代芳烃二元与多元混合物的联合毒性效应。采用毒性单位(TU)、相加指数(AI)、相似性参数(λ)和混合毒性指数(MTI)4种联合毒性评价方法,对混合体系联合毒性作用类型进行了研究,结果显示,4种不同的评价方法对研究体系联合效应评价结果具有较好的一致性,且不同组分的混合毒性均呈现出较强的协同作用,即DDBAC与取代芳烃共同存在时将会增加该类物质的环境风险性。考察评价方法的有效度,以混合毒性指数法参数值较大,判定灵敏度较高,为该研究体系的推荐评价方法。同时根据发光菌发光原理、结合DDBAC的分子结构特征和芳烃类化合物取代基的不同,对联合毒性作用机理进行初步的探讨。     

量子点发光二极管的研究进展

量子点发光技术是近日崛起的一项研究热点,该技术在显示方面的应用价值受到大家的普遍关注,以量子点发光技术为基础的显示器已经出现。量子点发光技术可为显示屏提供更加饱满的色泽,能够提高显示屏的颜色分辨率,有望取代当前主流的OLED技术开创显示科技新阶段。目前研究者对于量子点发光材料做了大量研究,主要分为以下三类:二元非氧化物半导体量子点,钙钛矿结构量子点和碳量子点。本文对上述三类量子点发光材料做了详细的介绍,并对其未来的发展提出展望。     

新型系列噻咯衍生物合成表征及光学性质研究

以二苯乙炔和不同取代基的硅烷为原料,通过1,1-位取代反应,合成噻咯衍生物,并对合成工艺条件进行优化。结果表明,原料摩尔比为1∶0.5和改变加料顺序,产物产率有较大提高,能达70%。硅烷取代基官能团越大,产物越易合成,产率越高,能达75%以上。对合成产物用氢核磁共振、红外光谱进行了表征,并通过紫外光谱和荧光光谱研究了其发光性能。     

具有规整PPV侧链无机高分子聚磷腈的合成与表征

利用反应性无机高分子聚 (二氯 )磷腈与功能性寡聚聚对苯乙炔的亲核取代反应 ,合成了具有规整寡聚聚对苯乙炔 (OPPV)侧链的高分子聚磷腈 (PPZ)。采用NMR(3 1P ,1H ,13 C) ,FT TR、GPC、DSC、TGA等对所得无机聚合物进行了结构表征和性能测试。以所合成的聚合物作发光材料 ,制备了聚合物发光器件 ,并对器件性能进行了初步研究。实验结果表明 :聚合物具有优异的溶解性能和成膜性能 ,通过旋涂法可获得符合要求的发光薄膜。聚合物玻璃化转变温度 (Tg)为 97℃ ,开始热分解温度为 387℃。聚合物LED的发光波长为 4 12nm ,为蓝色电致发光。     

Graphene-Based Sensors for the Detection of Bioactive Compounds: A Review

Over the last years, different nanomaterials have been investigated to design highly selective and sensitive sensors, reaching nano/picomolar concentrations of biomolecules, which is crucial for medical sciences and the healthcare industry in order to assess physiological and metabolic parameters. The discovery of graphene (G) has unexpectedly impulsed research on developing cost-effective electrode materials owed to its unique physical and chemical properties, including high specific surface area, elevated carrier mobility, exceptional electrical and thermal conductivity, strong stiffness and strength combined with flexibility and optical transparency. G and its derivatives, including graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO), are becoming an important class of nanomaterials in the area of optical and electrochemical sensors. The presence of oxygenated functional groups makes GO nanosheets amphiphilic, facilitating chemical functionalization. G-based nanomaterials can be easily combined with different types of inorganic nanoparticles, including metals and metal oxides, quantum dots, organic polymers, and biomolecules, to yield a wide range of nanocomposites with enhanced sensitivity for sensor applications. This review provides an overview of recent research on G-based nanocomposites for the detection of bioactive compounds, providing insights on the unique advantages offered by G and its derivatives. Their synthesis process, functionalization routes, and main properties are summarized, and the main challenges are also discussed. The antioxidants selected for this review are melatonin, gallic acid, tannic acid, resveratrol, oleuropein, hydroxytyrosol, tocopherol, ascorbic acid, and curcumin. They were chosen owed to their beneficial properties for human health, including antibiotic, antiviral, cardiovascular protector, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, cytoprotective, neuroprotective, antiageing, antidegenerative, and antiallergic capacity. The sensitivity and selectivity of G-based electrochemical and fluorescent sensors are also examined. Finally, the future outlook for the development of G-based sensors for this type of biocompounds is outlined.     

油气集输过程中含油污泥减量化

集输过程中的含油污泥具有成分复杂、含液率高、乳化胶结稳定等特性，占油田危险废物新增量的约60%，是污染防治的重点。近年来，学者们开展了大量“调质-固液分离”减量化技术降低其环境风险和处置成本，但仍存在需要针对含油污泥不同来源优选相匹配的减量化调质方法和装置的难题。为此，本文回顾了氧化、破乳、絮凝、干化/半干、超声波、微波等化学与物理调质方法，离心机、叠螺机、压滤机3种固液分离装置研究进展，通过分别对各种调质方法及装置的对比分析，重点阐述了其作用机理、优缺点、适用对象。其中化学调质方法中破乳氧化、加酸更适用于高含聚油泥；表面活性剂破乳需加热，可与超声波相结合；有机和无机絮凝剂配合可提高罐底泥中油回收效果；干化/半干化法受经济效益制约。在文献基础上，认为未来应加强生物表面活性剂、生物电化学系统、椭圆叠螺机、基于固液分离装置数值模型基础上的设计与优化软件、多学科相结合的减量化耦合技术研究。     

樟树资源化学加工利用产业发展现状

油樟和樟树化学型中的芳樟、龙脑樟是中国特色樟科树种,总面积约8万公顷,主要分布在四川宜宾、四川广安、江西赣州、广西南宁、湖南新晃等地。樟树叶油中的1,8-桉叶素、芳樟醇和天然龙脑是重要的出口产品,也是医药、香精香料和日化行业的主要原料。本文综述了樟树资源特征、分布,介绍了油樟油、芳樟油、龙脑樟油的化学组成和生物活性,樟树油的主要产品及其提取、分离、纯化技术,以及质量控制、分析检测方法和存在的技术瓶颈;分析了樟树产业现状及其在医药、香料日化、食品等行业中的应用,阐述了樟树产业在应用基础研究、终端产品研发、国家、省级相关规划、标准化原料基地建设、樟树定向培育技术等方面存在的问题,并提出了相应的建议与对策,为樟树资源化学加工利用提供参考依据。     

Biosorption: critical review of scientific rationale,environmental importance and significance for pollution treatment

Biosorption may be simply defined as the removal of substances from solution by biological material. Such substances can be organic and inorganic, and in gaseous, soluble or insoluble forms. Biosorption is a physico‐chemical process and includes such mechanisms as absorption, adsorption, ion exchange, surface complexation and precipitation. Biosorption is a property of both living and dead organisms (and their components) and has been heralded as a promising biotechnology for pollutant removal from solution, and/or pollutant recovery, for a number of years, because of its efficiency, simplicity, analogous operation to conventional ion exchange technology, and availability of biomass. Most biosorption studies have carried out on microbial systems, chiefly bacteria, microalgae and fungi, and with toxic metals and radionuclides, including actinides like uranium and thorium. However, practically all biological material has an affinity for metal species and a considerable amount of other research exists with macroalgae (seaweeds) as well as plant and animal biomass, waste organic sludges, and many other wastes or derived bio‐products. While most biosorption research concerns metals and related substances, including radionuclides, the term is now applied to particulates and all manner of organic substances as well. However, despite continuing dramatic increases in published research on biosorption, there has been little or no exploitation in an industrial context. This article critically reviews aspects of biosorption research regarding the benefits, disadvantages, and future potential of biosorption as an industrial process, the rationale, scope and scientific value of biosorption research, and the significance of biosorption in other waste treatment processes and in the environment. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

A review of liquid silicone rubber injection molding: Process variables and process modeling

Liquid silicone rubber (LSR) is an elastomer molded into critical performance components for applications in medical, power, consumer, automotive, and aerospace applications. This article reviews process behavior, material modeling, and simulation of the (LSR) injection molding process. Each phase of the LSR injection molding process is discussed, including resin handling, plastication, injection, pack and hold, and curing; and factors affecting the molding process are reviewed. Processing behavior of LSR is marked by transient interactions between curing, shear rate, temperature, pressure, and tooling. Therefore, current LSR models for curing, viscosity, pressure, and temperature are discussed. Process dynamics and material modeling are combined in LSR injection molding simulations with applications in mold design, troubleshooting process-induced defects, and management of shear stress and non-uniform temperatures between LSR and substrates during overmolding. Finally, case studies using commercial simulation software are presented, which have shown cavity pressure and flow front advancement within 3% of experimental values. Optimization of LSR materials, data collection, model fitting, venting, and bonding remain areas of continued interest.     

Oxidative stability of blends and interesterified blends of soybean oil and palm olein

Improvement of oxidative stability of soybean oil by blending with a more stable oil was investigated. Autoxidation of blends and interesterified blends (9∶1, 8∶2, 7∶3 and 1∶1, w/w) of soybean oil and palm olein was studied with respect to fatty acid composition, fatty acid location and triacylglycerol composition. Rates of formation of triacylglycerol hydroproxides, peroxide value and volatiles were evaluated. The fatty acid composition of soybean oil was changed by blending. Linolenic and linoleic acids decreased and oleic acid increased. The triacylglycerol composition of blends and interesterified blends was different from that of soybean oil. Relative to soybean oil, LnLL, LLL, LLO, LLP, LOO and LLS triacylglycerols were lowered and POO, POP and PLP were higher in blends and interesterified blends (where Ln, L, O, P and S represent linolenic, linoleic, oleic, palmitic and stearic acids, respectively). Interesterification of the blends leads to a decrease in POO and POP and an increase in LOP. Linoleic acid concentration at triacylglycerol carbon-2 was decreased by blending and interesterification. Rates of change for peroxide value and oxidation product formation confirmed the improvement of soybean oil stability by blending and interesterification. But, blends were more stable than interesterified blends. Also, the formation of hexanal, the major volatile of linoleate hydroperoxides of soybean oil, was decreased by blending and interesterification.     

聚焦结构、界面与多尺度问题,开辟化学工程的新里程

20世纪90年代以来,随着计算机技术和测量仪器的迅速发展,化学工程的研究水平日益提升,由经验规则的判断逐渐提高到计算机模拟量化分析. 化学工程的研究范围也日益扩大,下至纳微尺度结构与界面的观察与量化,上至宏观尺度设备与工厂的系统集成. 化学工程的服务对象也由化学工业扩展到冶金、材料、能源、环境、生物等诸多进行物质转化的过程工业. 目前化工科技界正在呼吁寻求继第一里程单元操作、第二里程传递过程和化学反应工程之后的第三里程. 化学工程中以往惯用的忽视非均匀多尺度结构和界面存在的平均方法是造成预测偏差和调控、放大困难的主要原因. 必须关注结构、界面和多尺度问题,研究多尺度结构、界面的量化预测理论和优化调控方法,建立多尺度结构、界面与"三传一反"的关系模型,与当代先进的计算方法、计算流体力学和计算机模拟相结合,有望解决化工过程与设备的优化调控与放大的难题,成为化学工程发展的新里程.     

重组胶原蛋白的绿色生物制造及其应用

胶原蛋白存在于各个组织器官,与动物胶原蛋白相比,重组胶原蛋白组分单一、安全性高、生产过程可控。本篇综述简述了重组胶原蛋白不同表达体系的构建,包括动植物以及微生物表达体系,比较了不同体系的优缺点。着重介绍了微生物体系中影响产物表达的不同发酵参数的调控,产物的分离纯化工艺以及重组胶原蛋白在医学领域的应用。提出微生物发酵体系较动植物体系成本低,操作简单,易于扩大生产;温度、pH、溶解氧、葡萄糖、乙酸浓度等影响大肠杆菌发酵中的蛋白表达量;酵母发酵中,甲醇添加量、温度、pH和溶解氧是主要影响参数;微生物发酵体系均需通过不同的粗纯及精纯技术获得纯度较高的产物。同时,重组胶原蛋白在生物医学领域发挥着重要作用。     

中国涂料行业发展的主要制约因素及其对策

我国涂料工业已基本形成了建筑涂料、工业涂料、特种功能涂料等种类齐全的格局，满足了国民经济各个行业的发展需求。2004年产量已达298．15万t，比2003年增长了23．40％，居世界第二位，奠定了中国涂料生产大国的地位。但中国涂料行业还存在着企业规模不大、专业化不强、技术创新能力弱、品牌经营意识差、专业人才缺乏等不利因素。涂料企业要建莎现代企业制度，涂料行业必须走规模化、集群化、特色产业基地化的道路，坚持技术创新，重视品牌经营，建立和完善各种机制，充分发挥和挖掘人才的潜能。我国的涂料行业才具有竞争能力，才能实现涂料行业的可持续发展。     

生物质热解制备高品质生物油研究进展

生物质热解制备生物油是能源富集的有效途径,是实现碳闭路循环的重要方式,作为一种环境友好型技术受到广泛关注和研究。然而,生物质热解反应过程复杂,生成的生物油热值低、含氧量高及强酸性等特点,制约了生物油的分离提纯、制备合成气以及燃烧等方面的应用,生物油品质的提升迫在眉睫。本文从生物质三组分、原料预处理、反应参数、催化剂、反应器等方面综述了影响生物油品质的主要因素,分析了生物油的特点,不同预处理下生物质特性的变化与生物油的关系,催化剂参与的热解行为对提升生物油品质的导向作用以及常用生物质热解反应器的特点,并对影响生物油品质的主要因素进行了总结。最后,针对影响制备高品质生物油的诸多因素提出建议,以期为制备高品质生物油提供参考和借鉴。