酸枣仁酸奶的研制

[目的]研制(SEMEN ZIZIPHI SPINOSAE)酸枣仁酸奶饮品.[方法]以酸枣仁、鲜牛奶为主要原材料,以保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌1:1为混合发酵菌种,对生产工艺进行研究,确定最佳的工艺参数.[结果]酸枣仁酸奶最佳工艺流程为:酸枣仁与6倍体积的水混合后打浆得到的酸枣仁浆液,酸枣仁浆液与鲜牛奶混合比例为1:4(WV)得待发酵液.此时加入砂糖、乳粉和发酵剂,砂糖的添加量为9%,乳粉的加入量为5%,接种量为4%,42℃下发酵至其凝乳,得酸乳产品.[结论]在最佳工艺条件下可得到品质优良的酸枣仁酸奶.     

高品质暴马丁香花饮料的研制

[目的]研制高品质的暴马丁香花饮料.[方法]采用发酵法制备暴马丁香花原汁,以饮料感官评分为指标,通过单因素试验和正交设计优化其制作参数.[结果]暴马丁香花饮料制作的最佳参数为原汁添加量20.0%,白砂糖添加量8.00 g,柠檬酸添加量0.75 g.在最佳工艺条件下制备的暴马丁香花发酵饮料具有良好的感官特性,即无沉淀,流动性好,为橙黄色,均匀有光泽,酸甜柔和,有明显的清香味.[结论]该研究获得了高品质的暴马丁香花饮料,为暴马丁香花的开发利用奠定了基础.     

沙枣果酒加工工艺研究

[目的]优化沙枣果酒加工工艺.[方法]以沙枣为原料,经加水浸提后,调糖、调酸并添加酵母进行发酵;利用单因素试验和正交试验设计研究二氧化硫的添加量、酵母用量、沙枣汁初始糖度及主发酵温度对发酵的影响.[结果]结果表明,沙枣果酒的主发酵最佳工艺条件为:SO2添加量为80 mg/L,主发酵温度在22.5 ℃,初始糖度18%,酵母接种量0.25%;在该最佳工艺条件下,发酵的沙枣酒酒度为10.0%(V/V).[结论]该加工工艺研究为沙枣果酒的生产提供了理论依据.     

乳酸菌发酵茶饮料加工工艺优化

[目的]时用乳酸菌发酵茶饮料的加工工艺进行优化,为利用茶叶浸提液发酵制备饮料的生产提供参考.[方法]以茶叶为原料,加入100倍的水,在60℃下浸提15 min.浸提液中加入糖、乳粉等原料进行乳酸菌发酵.通过单因素试验和正交试验对影响乳酸菌发酵的几个因素(乳酸菌接种量、加糖量、加乳粉量、发酵时间)进行优化.[结果]得到乳酸菌发酵的最佳工艺条件为:茶叶浸提液中加蔗糖量为8%,加乳粉量为13%,接种量为3%,发酵温度为40℃,发酵时间为6 h.[结论]在优化后的工艺条件下制作的茶饮料,既有茶的各种香味物质和营养成分,又有酸奶的营养成分,而且风味好、品质佳,是一种集营养和保健作用于一体的多功能饮品.     

黄花梨发酵乳酸饮料加工工艺研究

[目的]探讨黄花梨发酵乳酸饮料的加工工艺.[方法]运用正交试验法对黄花梨发酵乳酸饮料的配方进行研究;同时确定发酵乳酸饮料的乳酸菌选择、复合乳化稳定剂的配比、生产工艺流程、工艺条件及质量标准.[结果]发酵乳酸饮料的最佳配方为黄花梨汁50%,脱脂乳50%,蔗糖6%;复合乳化稳定剂最适配比为单甘酯0.10%,蔗糖酯0.15%,黄原胶0.05%,海藻胶0.10%.[结论]该加工工艺可增加黄花梨的附加值,满足市场需求.     

正交试验确定啤酒厂污泥堆肥最优工艺参数

[目的]对华润雪花啤酒(武汉)有限公司的污水污泥进行堆肥发酵处理工艺的研究.[方法]利用1 000 ml广口瓶模拟静态堆肥,采用啤酒废水处理剩余污泥为试材,通过正交试验,探讨影响堆肥效果的工艺参数(C/N、含水率、菌液添加量)的变化规律.确定静态堆肥的最佳工艺参数.[结果]堆肥工艺中影响腐殖酸生成率因素的大小顺序是:C/N比>菌液添加量>含水率.堆肥工艺的最佳工艺条件是:C/N比为30:1、菌液添加量为0.25%、含水率为60%.[结论]该研究可为啤酒厂的污水污泥的堆肥发酵的工业化生产提供理论指导.     

蚂蚁猕猴桃汁饮料的制备

[目的]研究蚂蚁猕猴桃汁饮料制备的最佳浸提条件和合理的生产工艺.[方法]以蚂蚁、猕猴桃为主要原料,制备饮料.经加热浸提制备营养液,然后按一定比例进行混合.[结果]确立了产品最佳浸提条件:最佳浸提温度75-95℃,蚂蚁、猕猴桃最佳提取时间分别为6和3 h,最佳比例为猕猴桃原汁为12%～14%、蔗糖8%～10%、柠檬酸0.1%、蚂蚁用量12%、杀菌温度121℃.[结论]蚂蚁和猕猴桃可以制备成动植物药食兼用型复合饮料.     

薏米和糯米混合发酵酸奶研究

[目的]开发结合薏米和糯米本身营养特点、具有独特口味及营养丰富的一款新型功能健康发酵酸奶.[方法]以薏米和糯米为主要原料,通过混合发酵,得到一款营养丰富的功能性酸奶.[结果]薏米和糯米的最佳配比为:薏米乳(料水比1∶6) 和糯米浆(料水比1∶7) 之比为1∶2,蔗糖6.00%,柠檬酸0.25%,黄原胶 0.10%,CMC-Na 0.12%,蔗糖酯0.08%.[结论]该研究可为薏米和糯米的综合开发应用提供参考.     

蒲菜汁饮料生产工艺研究

[目的]研究蒲菜鲜汁加工成新型绿色保健饮料的最佳工艺.[方法]通过单因素和正交试验,研究蒲菜汁饮料的最佳配方和工艺条件.[结果]最佳配方为:料液比15%.蔗糖4%、柠檬酸0.09%、明胶0.10%.混合物料经20 MPa均质,90～100℃杀菌10 min,最终获得乳白色、无沉淀、口感佳、具有浓郁蒲菜香气的饮料.通过感官指标、理化指标、微生物指标进行检测得到合格的蒲莱汁饮料,保存期可达6个月以上.[结论]该工艺条件下生产的蒲菜汁饮料口感好、营养丰富、稳定性强.     

甜玉米汁对酸奶发酵及贮藏特性的影响

[目的]为开发甜玉米汁酸奶产品提供理论依据.[方法]以全脂奶粉、白砂糖和甜玉米汁为原料制备甜玉米汁酸奶,研究甜玉米汁对酸奶发酵及贮藏过程中pH、滴定酸度、双乙酰含量和乳酸菌总数的影响.[结果]添加玉米汁的酸奶凝乳时间较短,凝乳效果较好.滴定酸度增加较快,且甜玉米汁添加量越多,酸奶凝乳时间越短.在发酵过程中,添加甜玉米汁的酸奶双乙酰含量低于未添加组,而在贮藏过程中,添加甜玉米汁的酸奶滴定酸度增加较慢,乳酸菌总数下降较少.[结论]添加甜玉米汁可促进乳酸菌生长,并在一定程度上抑制酸奶的后酸化现象.     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of rates of infection of two methods of emergency ventricular drainage

The rates of infection of two methods of external ventricular drainage in use at Atkinson Morley's Hospital--namely, (a) percutaneous drainage with Rickham reservoirs and (b) tunnelled ventriculostomies--were compared in this retrospective review. Percutaneous drainage of CSF with Rickham reservoirs was associated with a 27% rate of infection as identified by positive microbiological cultures; tunnelled ventriculostomy catheters had a 10% infection rate. The difference in the infection rate between the two methods was statistically significant (P < 0.015). Other variables examined, including the age and sex of the patients and the reasons for ventricular drainage, were not associated with an increased rate of infection. Most infections from either method were caused by a coagulase negative staphylococcus. The average duration of ventricular drainage before identification of positive cultures was 5.7 days for Rickham reservoirs and 6.0 days for ventriculostomies.     

浅析《野草》的版画特征

鲁迅先生一生热爱美术作品,对版画中木刻兴趣尤甚.<野草>作为其"写心之作",亦呈现出一些与木刻版画一致的审美特征:一是具有木刻版画的色彩特征,多对比、多冷色,有阴郁的美感;二是具有木刻版画的力度特征,环境描写、人物刻画处处刀锋毕现,遒劲有力,有一种"力之美".     

四辊破碎机车刀架的改造

针对四辊破碎机车刀架车削中存在的几个问题,详细介绍了电动车刀架的结构和工作原理,建立主要设计参数的数学表达式,并进行适当的分析。改造后,这种电动车刀架运行平稳、可靠、方便、省力,取得了预期的效果。     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

Comparison of the results of surgical and conservative treatment of fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia

In this paper is treated the fundamental problematic of the fracture of the diaphysis of the tibia and the therapeutic results after the conservative and operative treatment are confronted. Among 518 patients with 433 open fractures and 35 with closed fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia, successful treatment of more 2/3 was obtained in the period from 1968 to 1972. Following our casuistics and literature, whose results are similar, we find out that the average total treatment of the osteosynthesis of the fracture of the diaphysis was shortened for 2,5 months depending upon the type and the localisation of the fracture. Apolied methods of the operative and conservative and conservative treatment in relation to the velocity of the medical cure as well as to the extreme anatomical-functional results are analised. We noticed that osteosynthesis, made by the intermedullary nail and the extension of the canals or by a small AO table, by the achieved stability makes conditions of immediate motions and an early rehabilitation. Because of that it gives the best functional results.     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

参与式农业基地建设行动方案设计

为了编制实用性强的基地建设行动方案,首先,确定参与式发展的主体,搭建一个"决策框架";其次,针对行动目标,提出不同参与主体,如管理者、农民、消费者等团队与个人的目标及行动内容;最后,工作应向重塑伙伴式合作关系,挖掘农民自我发展潜力,完成三大角色的转换,打造农业基地文化等方向推进.