限水灌溉与施氮时期对小麦旗叶光合作用及产量性状的影响

[目的]为实现小麦优质高产节水省肥提供科学合理的水氮运筹模式.[方法]在大田条件下,研究灌水次数及施N时期对小麦旗叶Pn、叶绿素荧光参数及产量的影响.[结果]灌水次数对旗叶Pn、Fv/Fo、Fv/Fm、qP、qN及产量的影响均达到显著或极显著水平,且不灌水与灌水处理间差异较大;N肥全部基施与返青期追施(40%)处理间旗叶的Pn、Fv/Fo、Fv/Fm、qP和qN差异不大,但2个处理的光合参数与产量均明显低于拔节期或孕穗期追施(40%)处理.[结论]灌水次数与施N方式对Pn、叶绿素荧光参数及产量性状的调控存在显著的互作效应,其中以W<.2>,N<.4>处理组合效果最好.     

芘胁迫对玉米幼苗生长及生理指标的影响

[目的]探讨芘胁迫对玉米幼苗生长及生理指标的影响.[方法]通过水培试验,研究了4个浓度(0、0.5、1.0和2.0 mg/L)的芘对2种玉米市祥1号(敏感品种)和广甜3号(耐性品种)幼苗生长及生理指标的影响.[结果]在试验浓度范围内,随芘浓度的升高,市祥1号叶绿素a和叶绿素b含量呈先升高后降低的趋势,相对生长量和绝对生长速率呈下降趋势,根系和叶片丙二醛(MDA)含量呈上升趋势;广甜3号相对生长量、绝对生长速率和叶绿素a含量呈先上升后下降趋势,叶绿素b和根系MDA含量呈上升趋势,叶片MDA含量呈下降趋势.与对照相比,市祥1号在0.5～1.0 mg/L芘处理对叶绿素a和叶绿素b含量显著增加,芘浓度≥2.0 mg/L时则显著降低,芘浓度≥1.0 mg/L时根系和叶片MDA含量显著增加,而相对生长量和绝对生长速率显著降低;广甜3号在芘浓度≥1.0 mg/L时叶绿素a和叶绿素b含量显著增加.芘浓度与敏感品种市祥1号的相对生长量和绝对生长速率呈显著负相关,与根系MDA含量呈显著正相关;芘浓度与耐性品种广甜3号叶绿素b含量和根系MDA含量呈显著正相关.[结论]为玉米苗期的管理措施提供了依据.     

不同比例食用菌废渣对青菜生长的影响

[目的]研究不同比例食用菌废渣土壤对青菜营养生长和生理特性的影响.[方法]将食用菌废渣土壤按体积比(废渣占总体积比)分成6组(10%、20%、30%、40%、50%和60%),以当地土壤为空白对照,测定培育的青菜幼苗的营养生长指标(如植株鲜重、根系干重等)和生理指标(如叶绿素含量、根系活力等).[结果]用适宜比例的食用菌菌渣培育青菜,可提高叶绿素的含量、增加干物质的累积、促进根系的生长、增强根系吸收养分的能力.有助于培育壮苗.其中,体积比为20%的食用菌废渣土壤的培育效果最好.[结论]建议将体积比为20%的食用菌废渣土壤合理地应用到青菜栽培上.     

二斑叶螨对菜豆叶片几种生理指标的影响

[目的]测定二斑叶螨为害后菜豆叶片生理指标的变化.[方法]在供试菜豆4叶期后,每株菜豆接种20头二斑叶螨,隔0、3、5、10、15和20 d随机采集被害叶片10片,测定样品的叶绿素、可溶性蛋白、游离氨基酸和游离脯氨酸含量,并测定其过氧化氢酶活性和膜透性.[结果]菜豆叶片受二斑叶螨侵害后在取食部位形成褪绿斑,随着为害侵染天数的增加,该褪绿斑增多,20 d后,菜豆叶片发白直至死亡.生理指标测定表明,菜豆叶片叶绿素含量随着侵染时间的增加而降低,可溶性蛋白、游离氨基酸、游离脯氨酸、过氧化氢酶和电导率随着为害时间的延长而明显增加.[结论]该研究时探索植物对二斑叶螨侵染的反应机制,发展植物对二斑叶螨抗性具有指导意义.     

烯效唑对小麦幼苗生长的影响

[目的]研究不同浓度烯效唑浸种对小麦幼苗生长的影响.[方法]分别用0、20、40、60 mg/L烯效唑浸种处理,研究其对小麦幼苗形态指标和生理指标的影响.[结果]与对照相比,20、40、60 mg/L烯效唑处理后,幼苗株高分别降低9.35、10.78、12.16 cm,根干重分别增加7.18%、4.39%、1.73%.根冠比分别增加30.3%、20.5%、16.4%.总叶绿素含量分别增加8.9%、27.1%、37.8%,丙二醛含量分别降低28.7%、16.1%、6.9%,呼吸强度分别降低61.1%、19.6%、16.9%;烯效唑浓度为20 和40 mg/L时,根系活力分别增加53.8%、19.4%,而60 mg/L时根系活力比对照组降低11.3%.[结论]小麦生产过程中,烯效唑使用浓度以20 mg/L为宜.     

干旱胁迫对蕨类植物生理指标的影响

[目的]研究干旱胁迫下蕨类植物生理指标的变化.[方法]采用人工模拟干旱胁迫-复水方法,对5种蕨类植物(肾蕨、凤尾蕨、蜈蚣蕨、铁线蕨、毛蕨)进行干旱处理,研究了干旱胁迫对其叶片相对含水量、相对电导率、叶绿素含量及游离脯氨酸含量等相关生理指标的影响.[结果]随着干旱胁迫时间的延长,5种蕨类植物叶片相对含水量和叶绿素含量均呈下降趋势,而相对电导率和游离脯氧酸含量呈上升趋势;干旱胁迫下,肾蕨各生理指标均好于其他蕨类植物,尤其在胁迫12 d时,差异达显著水平,说明肾蕨的抗旱能力最强;复水后,5种蕨类植物的生理指标均有不同程度的恢复.[结论]该研究可为蕨类植物的开发利用提供理论依据.     

水分胁迫对二、四倍体薄皮甜瓜苗期生理生化特性的影响

[目的]揭示甜瓜倍性与抗旱性的关系,为多倍体甜瓜抗旱育种提供理论依据.[方法]测定并比较二倍体和同源四倍体薄皮甜瓜在水分胁迫下苗期的生长指标、叶片水分状况、叶绿素舍量、可溶性糖含量、脯氨酸含量.[结果]在水分胁迫下,二倍体和同源四倍体薄皮甜瓜苗期株高、茎粗、干物质重量、叶绿素含量都有不同程度减少,而叶片中可溶性糖和脯氨酸含量均呈上升趋势,说明水分胁迫抑制了二、四倍体薄皮甜瓜植株的生长.四倍体的薄皮甜瓜株高胁迫指数、茎径胁迫指数、干物质胁迫指数、叶绿素含量、相对可溶性糖含量和脯氨酸含量显著高于二倍体,二倍体叶片中自由水含量和水分饱和亏明显高于四倍体,说明四倍体薄皮甜瓜在苗期抗旱性比二倍体强.[结论]多倍体育种可以作为甜瓜抗性育种的一种有效途径.     

抗寒生化制剂对棉花幼苗生理生化特性的影响

[目的]探讨抗寒制剂拌种处理对棉花的作用效果及机理,为其推广应用提供依据.[方法]用盆栽的方法研究在低温胁迫下经抗寒制剂拌种处理过的棉种发芽及生长情况,并考察棉苗的叶片相对含水量、蒸腾速率、叶绿素和脯氨酸含量等生理生化指标的变化情况.[结果]在常温和低温胁迫两种条件下,抗寒剂均可以提高棉种出苗率和增强幼苗长势,并均可增加棉株幼苗叶片的相对含水量、蒸腾速率和叶绿素含量,同时可促进渗透调节物质脯氨酸的积累,降低丙二醛的毒害,并增强过氧化氢酶的活性.其中在低温胁迫条件下,抗寒剂的促进效果更为明显.[结论]抗寒制剂能很好地促进棉种及棉苗的新陈代谢,增强其在低温下的抗逆性.     

四种彩叶树种光合特性研究

[目的]比较4种彩叶树种的光合特性及叶绿素特征,以期为彩叶树种的合理配置提供理论依据.[方法]在自然条件下,采用英国生产的LCI便携式植物光合测定仪测定自然生长的4种彩叶植物的光合特征,采用分光光度法测定彩叶植物叶绿素及花色素苷含量.对紫叶李(Prunus cerasifera f.atropurpurea)、紫叶矮樱(Prunm×cistena)、金叶女贞(Ligustrum×vicaryi)和金叶连翘(Forsythia suspensa(Thunb.)Vahl)4种彩叶树种光合特性日变化及植物色素含量进行研究.[结果]4种彩叶树种的光合作用能力强弱顺序为:紫叶李>紫叶矮樱>金叶女贞>金叶连翘,2种紫叶树种的净光和速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度均高于金叶树种,而水分利用效率则相反;紫叶李和紫叶矮樱的叶绿素含量明显高于金叶女贞和金叶连翘.[结论]金叶树种的节水能力强于紫叶树种,而紫叶树种叶片的光能吸收和耐阴性强于金叶树种.     

Pb胁迫对柳树根系形态和生理特性的影响

[目的]评价柳树对重金属Pb的忍耐能力及应用于植物修复的潜力.[方法]采用溶液培养研究了不同浓度Pb胁迫对苏柳172和垂柳2种柳树的根系形态、根系活力以及叶片保护酶活性和渗透调节物质的影响.[结果]Pb处理显著抑制2种柳树的根系伸长,垂柳根系表面积、根体积、根平均直径先增后降,苏柳172根系表面积、根体积、根平均直径均受到Pb的显著抑制.2种柳树的根系活力均下降:超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、过氧化物酶(POD)活性和脯氨酸(Pro)含量均先增加后下降;可溶性蛋白含量、叶绿紊含量在一定程度内均降低,只是变化的幅度和进程不同.[结论]为柳树应用于重金属修复具有重要的参考价值.     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of rates of infection of two methods of emergency ventricular drainage

The rates of infection of two methods of external ventricular drainage in use at Atkinson Morley's Hospital--namely, (a) percutaneous drainage with Rickham reservoirs and (b) tunnelled ventriculostomies--were compared in this retrospective review. Percutaneous drainage of CSF with Rickham reservoirs was associated with a 27% rate of infection as identified by positive microbiological cultures; tunnelled ventriculostomy catheters had a 10% infection rate. The difference in the infection rate between the two methods was statistically significant (P < 0.015). Other variables examined, including the age and sex of the patients and the reasons for ventricular drainage, were not associated with an increased rate of infection. Most infections from either method were caused by a coagulase negative staphylococcus. The average duration of ventricular drainage before identification of positive cultures was 5.7 days for Rickham reservoirs and 6.0 days for ventriculostomies.     

浅析《野草》的版画特征

鲁迅先生一生热爱美术作品,对版画中木刻兴趣尤甚.<野草>作为其"写心之作",亦呈现出一些与木刻版画一致的审美特征:一是具有木刻版画的色彩特征,多对比、多冷色,有阴郁的美感;二是具有木刻版画的力度特征,环境描写、人物刻画处处刀锋毕现,遒劲有力,有一种"力之美".     

四辊破碎机车刀架的改造

针对四辊破碎机车刀架车削中存在的几个问题,详细介绍了电动车刀架的结构和工作原理,建立主要设计参数的数学表达式,并进行适当的分析。改造后,这种电动车刀架运行平稳、可靠、方便、省力,取得了预期的效果。     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

Comparison of the results of surgical and conservative treatment of fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia

In this paper is treated the fundamental problematic of the fracture of the diaphysis of the tibia and the therapeutic results after the conservative and operative treatment are confronted. Among 518 patients with 433 open fractures and 35 with closed fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia, successful treatment of more 2/3 was obtained in the period from 1968 to 1972. Following our casuistics and literature, whose results are similar, we find out that the average total treatment of the osteosynthesis of the fracture of the diaphysis was shortened for 2,5 months depending upon the type and the localisation of the fracture. Apolied methods of the operative and conservative and conservative treatment in relation to the velocity of the medical cure as well as to the extreme anatomical-functional results are analised. We noticed that osteosynthesis, made by the intermedullary nail and the extension of the canals or by a small AO table, by the achieved stability makes conditions of immediate motions and an early rehabilitation. Because of that it gives the best functional results.