基于离散元法的半自磨机磨矿过程的仿真研究

通过离散元软件EDEM建立了半自磨机仿真试验模型,并对其磨矿过程进行了模拟,分析了不同转速、衬板个数及衬板高度对半自磨机有效功率的影响。结果表明,随着转速率和衬板的增加,半自磨机的有效功率成线性增加;不同衬板高度对半自磨机有效功率的影响不同;随着L/H的变化,半自磨机的有效功率不断变化,在L/H=5左右,半自磨机的有效功率趋于最大值。可为半自磨机运行参数的选择提供一定的参考依据。     

基于半自磨机的强跟踪滤波器研究

为了准确、高效实现半自磨机的控制,以某大型铜钼选矿厂半自磨机的海量的生产数据为依据,在参考国内外文献,并结合现场专家经验的基础上建立了半自磨机重要工作参数的数学模型,并通过强跟踪滤波器,结合经验模型预测了半自磨机内矿石滞留量、水滞留量和钢球量等3个对半自磨机控制有至关重要影响、但目前无法用仪器仪表在线检测的变量。预测结果与现场经验值的对比表明,预测结果可信度高,对半自磨机的控制具有较大的参考价值。     

基于总体平衡模型的半自磨机在线自诊断工具开发

工业云服务是工业互联网智能化升级,实现数字矿山建设的重要手段。介绍了针对矿物加工磨矿流程中重要的大型磨矿设备开发数字化模拟模型,并利用工业云服务模式进行半自磨机在线自诊断功能实现的具体研究过程。结果表明,利用基于机理模型开发的半自磨机在线自诊断工具可以在不同选矿生产时段对半自磨机内部物料运动情况、磨矿产品粒度分布等重要信息进行量化计算,并可通过云服务的模式对结果进行快速的可视化展示。该在线自诊断工具不但可以为半自磨机运行状态分析提供直观的判断方法,还可对半自磨操作和流程优化提供建议。     

应用专家PID实现某矿山半自磨机的控制

为了解决国内某矿山[?]8.8 m×4.8 m型半自磨机的自动控制问题，采用专家PID控制系统进行了系统控制设计研究。结果表明：①影响半自磨机工作状况的因素较多，主要包括矿石性质、磨矿介质、给矿速率、磨矿浓度、衬板和格子板的状态等；物料充填状态可通过半自磨机的功率、轴压和磨音来判断，而料位状态控制可通过调节给矿量、给水量、加球量实现。②专家PID算法与传统PID的算法有明显的优势，其本质上是采用非线性设计手段，将专家经验引入控制策略的制定中，更适合复杂对象控制策略的实施，较好地克服常规PID对非线性系统适应性差、难以克服异常扰动以及对滞后时间常数难以确定等缺点。③在充分考虑了半自磨机工作特点的基础上，设计的专家PID控制系统可将半自磨机的轴压、功率稳定在设定值范围内，同时能根据半自磨机给矿量、给水量、顽石量、磨音等参数的综合分析，判断出半自磨机处于较为稳定的工作状态。     

应用专家PID实现某矿山半自磨机的控制

为了解决国内某矿山[?]8.8 m×4.8 m型半自磨机的自动控制问题，采用专家PID控制系统进行了系统控制设计研究。结果表明：①影响半自磨机工作状况的因素较多，主要包括矿石性质、磨矿介质、给矿速率、磨矿浓度、衬板和格子板的状态等；物料充填状态可通过半自磨机的功率、轴压和磨音来判断，而料位状态控制可通过调节给矿量、给水量、加球量实现。②专家PID算法与传统PID的算法有明显的优势，其本质上是采用非线性设计手段，将专家经验引入控制策略的制定中，更适合复杂对象控制策略的实施，较好地克服常规PID对非线性系统适应性差、难以克服异常扰动以及对滞后时间常数难以确定等缺点。③在充分考虑了半自磨机工作特点的基础上，设计的专家PID控制系统可将半自磨机的轴压、功率稳定在设定值范围内，同时能根据半自磨机给矿量、给水量、顽石量、磨音等参数的综合分析，判断出半自磨机处于较为稳定的工作状态。     

基于POS-BP的磨矿过程磨机负荷智能分析方法研究

主要针对有色金属行业选矿厂的磨矿过程半自磨机、球磨机等磨矿设备的负荷进行分析,利用OPC技术,通过计算机实现对磨矿过程的实时工艺数据的采集、处理、分析存储,利用POS-BP算法构建磨机功率软测量模型,从而实现对磨机功率的在线预测分析,之后结合案例分析技术,实现对磨机负荷的智能在线分析,能够有效地减少磨机涨肚次数,提高磨机处理量以及磨矿粒度合格率,降低衬板和钢球损耗,并且预测值可以为磨矿过程的优化控制、专家控制等先进控制提供有效的参数依据,从多方面提高磨矿过程乃至整个选矿过程的运行效率,从根本上提高矿山企业经济效益。     

半自磨数学模型及计算机模拟

本研究在自磨机理模型基础上,通过磨矿试验建立了磨机操作变量与模型参数的关系,对半自磨机中冲击破碎作用和磨剥破碎作用分别进行了模拟,然后按两者作用比例进行迭加形成了半自磨机理模型。在此基础上建立了一个半自磨模拟器。运用该模拟器对司家营铁矿石、德兴铜矿石的半工业试验结果进行了验证,并对主要操作条件的影响及磨机尺寸放大问题作了模拟预测。     

半自磨机磨球充填率预测研究

为了在磨矿实际生产中实时掌握半自磨机内磨球的充填率,以磨球磨损动力学理论为基础,推导出了磨矿生产条件下磨球在半自磨机内磨球充填率的计算公式,并给出了磨球速率指数的测定方法。利用该公式,按照磨球的耐磨性、半自磨机的有效容积、日补加钢球的数量及其直径、排矿格子板格子孔尺寸可以对磨球的充填率进行计算。将该公式运用于磨矿生产,很好地预测了半自磨机内钢球的充填率,这对于半自磨机磨矿生产中确定补加钢球数量以及评价钢球耐磨性具有重要的指导意义。     

一种半自磨机智能控制技术

半自磨机具有多变量、非线性、强耦合、大滞后、时变性等特征,且很多过程参数难以检测,难以通过常规控制方法实现自动控制。为此,乌山选矿厂以人工经验为基础,找出半自磨机工作时给矿量、磨音、功率、轴压、磨矿浓度、给矿粒度比例之间的关系,并用计算机语言表述出来,得到一种定性的智能控制系统。实践表明：这种半自磨机智能控制系统可根据服务器设定的控制策略,实时采集半自磨机过程参数,自动调整至最优的半自磨机运行状态,在乌山选矿厂应用后较原人工控制可以提高处理量24.7 t/h、延长衬板使用寿命11.1 d、降低吨矿能耗0.49 kWh/t,具有显著的经济效益,在金属矿山领域具有重要推广应用前景。     

某大型铜矿磨矿试验及选型技术应用研究

磨矿试验和磨机选型技术是确定磨矿设备规格和工艺参数的基础。基于碎磨试验参数，采用功耗法进行了磨机选型计算，确定了满足项目工艺要求的磨机规格和电动机安装功率，然后结合项目投产后不同生产阶段的磨矿运行参数，分析了不同工艺流程的应用情况，并结合生产实践进行不同碎磨工艺的优化探讨和分析。同时，针对半自磨机顽石开路流程，提出了半自磨机顽石产率的合理取值是项目设计的关键。     

Generalizing a shear–volume power model for stirred mill power prediction

A stirred milling model, based on the concept of shear–volume power, was developed and applied to geometries typically found in mineral processing systems. Generalising this model permits its use to model more complex mill geometries, such as those describing a tapered disk mill and the CoBal mill. Due to the additive property of the shear–volume power, the calculation of the power of complex mills is possible through geometric decomposition. This approach is supported by the calculation of the shear–volume power of a number of simple geometries commonly found in mills, and is used in the calculation of the shear–volume power of a tapered disk mill and the CoBal mill. Finally, by incorporating a breakage model, an equation that offers some usefulness in the design, operation and optimization of stirred mills is presented.     

球磨机磨音多频带检测系统的研发与设计

通过对球磨机磨音的频率检测分析,实现对其工作状态及负荷量较准确的判断,适时调整"空磨"、"饱磨"、"正常"状态,可提高磨机效率、降低能耗和生产成本.介绍了多频带检测系统的研发与设计.     

Modeling of energy loss to the environment from a grinding mill. Part I: Motivation,literature survey and pilot plant measurements

Grinding mills are generally very inefficient, difficult to control and costly, in terms of both steel and power consumption. Improved understanding of temperature behaviour in milling circuits can be used in the model-based control of milling circuits. The emphasis in this work is to develop a model for the overall heat transfer coefficient as a function of the load volume, mill speed and design of mill shell/liner using the energy balances in order to model energy loss from the mill. The energy loss via convection through the mill shell is accounted for by quantifying the overall heat transfer coefficient of the shell. The ambient temperature allows the model to account for convective loss. Firstly the models of temperature behaviour are developed followed by the development of the model for the overall heat transfer coefficient for the pilot dry batch mill. The practical aspects of the work involved the measurement of the temperatures of the mill load, air above the load, the liners, mill shell and the environmental temperature. Other measurements were: mill power and sound energy from the mill. Energy balances are performed around the entire mill. The model for the heat transfer process is parameterized in Part II.     

Experimental observations of lifter parameters and mill operation on power draw and liner impact loading

In mineral processing the mill power plays a major role in the economics of the process and is a critical design criterion. The mill power is influenced by a range of parameters such as: charge and slurry filling, number and geometry of lifters, and mill speed. Deriving the optimum conditions of these parameters should lead to efficient mill operation. Additionally, the optimum utilization of the impact loads that are affected by charge and slurry filling, number of lifters, geometry of lifter and mill speed should result in increased milling efficiency. In this work the influence of these operating parameters were investigated using a laboratory experimental mill. It is found that the power, are affected by number of lifters, lifter height, mill charge and mill speed. Overall the results showed that increasing the mill velocity, number of lifters, and height of lifter and significantly decreasing the mill charge filling results in a higher impact value and impact frequency that may also increase overall efficiency. A simple linear regression relationship has been demonstrated for mill power as a function of lifter spacing (S/H) and mill speed. These parameters give an indication of the possible optimum mill operating conditions in an idealised condition.     

球磨机内部参数的三因素检测

利用三因素检测方法建立了球磨机外部响应(压力、声响、有用功率）与球磨机内部参数之间关系的数学模型，并对球磨机内部参数进行检测。研究结果表明，采用三因素检测方法能够根据球磨机的适时外部响应直接判断出球磨机内部参数的适时状态， 为球磨机的优化控制奠定了基础。     

Assessing the stirred mill design space

In the context of the mining industry, smaller grain size and other mineralogical characteristics have motivated the need to grind finer. In order to address this need, the interest in fine grinding technologies has grown over the last 20 years as is illustrated by a growing body of knowledge on stirred milling. Emphasis in recent years has been on the use of computationally intensive modeling and simulation methods such as the discrete element method (DEM) and computational fluid dynamics (CFDs). However, due to the computational requirements of these two methods, initiating a study that spans the stirred mill design space would take a lot of computational effort and time. Therefore the goal of this paper is to propose and apply a simplified stirred mill model that will then be used to assess configurations in the stirred mill design space.To this end, a stirred mill model was proposed based on the assumption that the main if not only mechanism of ore breakage is shear. As the basis of this model is the fluid mechanics definition of shear stress, the stirred mill power model became a function of viscosity, mill speed and a new parameter called shear volume. An initial validation using published data indicated the shear based power model correlated well with measured power.Establishing a morphological chart to delimit the stirred mill design space indicated that 24 design and operating conditions can be assess using the established shear volume measure. The results indicated for the mill configurations tested that a change in stirred mill liner design can potentially increase shear volume and power from 14% to 290% as compared to smooth chamber liners.     

基于C#的磨机监控系统设计

针对选矿厂磨矿过程中磨机负荷难以实现自动控制以及OPC技术数据传输存在弊端这2个问题,利用VS编程软件设计了基于C#的磨机监控系统。根据实际生产的需求以及监控系统的要求,在该监控系统中设计了设备运行状态显示,磨机运行数据曲线绘制,手动、自动、专家、优化4种控制方式,人机交互的编辑和操作菜单功能模块,以及运行数据存储等功能,同时利用C#本身拥有的串口通信技术,实现了磨机控制仪与监控计算机间的数据传输。运行效果表明,该系统满足磨机自动控制要求,并具有开发成本低,可靠性强,控制方式灵活等优点。     

承德某选矿厂磨机运行专家系统

针对磨机运行过程中具有的大惯性、滞后性和非线性特性,提出了基于模糊自寻优控制的专家系统。将模糊控制、自寻优控制和常规PID控制有机地结合起来,用于承德某选矿厂一段磨矿分级系统的自控设计,并且采用PLC和工控机构成了一个DCS系统。实践表明,该专家系统运行安全稳定,节能降耗效果明显,而且能大大地减轻现场操作人员的劳动强度,改善操作人员的工作环境。     

多金属选矿厂磨矿分级优化控制研究与应用

结合湖南省临武县南方矿业多金属选矿厂现场磨矿生产工艺和自动控制技术,对磨矿分级过程进行了研究,采用新型装备和模糊控制算法优化球磨机自动化控制系统,实现了球磨机的优化给矿和比例给水,稳定了磨矿浓度和产品细度指标,保证了高频细筛的筛分效率,最终使球磨机生产率提高4.4%,原矿处理量提高11.1%,为企业创造了经济效益。