预相变马氏体对超级贝氏体钢组织热稳定性的影响

为明确超级贝氏体组织失稳机制以及探索提高超级贝氏体钢中残余奥氏体热稳定性的方法,通过预相变马氏体工艺,即在等温贝氏体相变前引入预相变马氏体,制备了中碳超级贝氏体钢。对比分析了回火前后中碳超级贝氏体钢显微组织和力学性能的变化,研究了预相变马氏体对中碳超级贝氏体钢中贝氏体组织及残余奥氏体热稳定性的影响。结果表明:预相变马氏体的存在能够细化贝氏体铁素体板条,提高残余奥氏体含量和热稳定性。预相变马氏体的引入及其对超级贝氏体组织的细化作用使得试验钢的屈服强度超过1 000 MPa,伸长率大于20%;300~600 ℃回火1 h后,高碳薄膜状残余奥氏体首先发生分解,形成细小的碳化物,然后贝氏体铁素体板条发生回复和再结晶,形成沿原板条方向的铁素体晶粒;600 ℃回火后试验钢的屈服强度仍与回火前相当,主要是预相变马氏体周围的薄膜状残余奥氏体未发生明显分解,能够抑制相邻贝氏体铁素体板条的回复。     

不同碳含量对中碳低合金钢分级等温淬火组织与性能的影响

以Si、Mn合金钢为对象,研究了不同含碳量对中碳低合金钢分级等温淬火组织和性能的影响,分析贝氏体、马氏体含量与实验钢性能的关系。结果表明,增加含碳量,实验钢中下贝氏体含量下降,马氏体含量增加,实验钢硬度增加,冲击韧度降低;在中碳低合金钢中降低下贝氏体含量或增加马氏体含量可以提高材料硬度,但会引起其冲击韧度的下降。当碳含量在0.48%~0.50%时(下贝氏体含量为30%~40%、马氏体含量为40%~50%),贝/马复相组织强韧性匹配较好,材料具有优异的综合力学性能。     

碳含量对热处理低合金耐磨铸钢组织性能的影响

试验研究了碳含量对低合金耐磨铸钢组织和性能的影响。结果表明:随着碳含量的增加,试验钢的硬度总体呈上升趋势,冲击韧度先升高后下降。显微组织由粒状贝氏体+M-A岛+铁素体逐渐向上贝氏体、马氏体、下贝氏体转变,同时出现少量的残余奥氏体。当碳含量为0.40%左右时,碳在钢中的效能得到最大发挥,钢的强韧匹配性最佳。     

Q&P工艺对60Mn2SiCr钢中超级贝氏体组织转变的影响

采用电子显微分析方法及X射线衍射技术等研究了"淬火+分配"热处理工艺(Quenching and partitioning,简称QP工艺)对60Mn2Si Cr钢组织转变的影响。结果表明,由于QP工艺处理过程中少量马氏体组织所带来的晶体缺陷,有利于非均匀形核,在促进超级贝氏体生成的同时还细化了组织;同时,由于碳在α相中具有高的化学势,引起产生自少量马氏体组织中的排碳,以及贝氏体铁素体形成时碳的短程扩散,导致残留奥氏体中碳含量有所增加,稳定性提高。其效果将会有利于改善超级贝氏体组织的强韧性。     

新型准贝氏体钢的开发与应用

准贝氏体钢是在贝氏体钢合金化的基础上添加适量的硅而组成的。准贝氏体是含碳过饱和的贝氏体铁素体板条和以不同形式分布的富碳奥氏体的复合组织。应用实践证明 ,准贝氏体钢具有高强、高韧、耐磨等特性 ,而且工艺性能良好 ,在许多工业部门有广阔的应用前景。准贝氏体是高强度超级钢的一种理想的基体组织。     

铬对低碳低合金高强度钢的组织和机械性能的影响

0 前言 为了满足对高强度、高韧性及良好焊接性能的要求,开发出了具有贝氏体组织的低碳钢。该钢含有Mn、Mo、Cr等元素,奥氏体转变温度明显降低,处理条件对钢的组织也有很大影响。本文研究了铬和加热温度、冷却参数对两个系列的微合金化钢之组织和机械性能的影响。 碳通过固溶强化和空冷能增加珠光体含量从而提高钢的强度,但是碳又对钢的某些主要性能例如焊接性、成型性和韧性等产生不利影响,降低碳含量     

碳含量对Si-Mn-B铸钢显微组织和抗磨性的影响

研究了含1.5%Si-2.5%Mn-0.006%B和少量稀土、镍、铬、钛等合金的Si-Mn-B铸钢经900℃正火的显微组织和在销盘磨损和湿砂橡胶轮磨损条件下的抗磨损性能.钢中碳含量分别为0.17%、0.25%、0.34%、0.47%和0.53%.结果表明,碳含量较低时,主要形成粒状贝氏体,随着碳含量增加,钢的正火组织向针状贝氏体、上贝氏体和下贝氏体过渡,且组织变细.钢的硬度随碳含量增加而增大,冲击韧度随碳含量增加而下降.Si-Mn-B铸钢的耐磨性随碳含量的变化比较复杂.在销盘磨损条件下,使用低硬度玻璃砂磨料时,随着碳含量提高,磨损量减少,耐磨性增加,另外,材料的磨损量随着载荷的增加而增加,使用高硬度碳化硅磨料时,碳含量对磨损量的影响不明显.在湿砂橡胶轮磨损条件下,也呈现碳含量增加,磨损量减少的现象.     

新型准贝氏体钢的开发与应用

准贝氏体钢是在贝氏体负合金化的基础上添加适量的硅而组成的。准贝氏体是含碳过饱和的贝氏体铁素体板条和以不同形式分布的富碳奥氏体的复合组织。应用实践证明，准贝氏体钢具有高强、高韧、耐磨等特性，而且工艺性能良好，在许多工业部门有广阔的应用前景。准贝氏体是高强度超级钢的一种理想的基体组织。     

Nb对低碳微合金钢组织与性能的影响

以低中高三种含Nb的低碳微合金钢作为试验钢,研究了Nb低碳微合金钢钢组织、碳氮化物析出相和性能之间的关系。结果表明,试验钢的热处理组织为低碳板条贝氏体+多边形铁素体。随着铌含量增加,试验钢组织中板条贝氏体含量和碳氮化物析出相数量明显增加,组织明显细化,试验钢强度显著提高。当Nb含量超过0.05%后,试验钢的强度增加不明显。因此,在低碳微合金钢中Nb的合理添加量在0.05%左右。     

Co和Al对超高强贝氏体钢组织和性能的影响

以两种碳含量为1.0wt%的超高强贝氏体钢为研究对象,采用热处理、金相法、拉伸和冲击试验等,研究了合金元素Co和Al对超细高强贝氏体钢相变量和组织性能的影响。此外,设置了两种不同的等温淬火温度,分析了等温温度对高碳贝氏体钢相变和组织性能的影响。结果表明:在热处理工艺条件相同的前提下,合金元素Co和Al的添加促进了等温贝氏体相变,获得更多的超细贝氏体板条,从而明显改善了贝氏体钢的力学性能。对于高碳贝氏体钢,当相变时间较短时,贝氏体转变量随着相变温度的升高而逐渐增加,同一高碳贝氏体钢的强塑积随着相变温度的升高而增加。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

A STUDY OF TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT VALENCE BOND STRUCTURE OF TITANIUM

On the basis of energy and shape method for the determination of the valence bond (VB) structures of crystal, the valence bond structure of titanium is redetermined at room temperature and calculated in the whole temperature range of 0-1943K. The outer shell electronic distribution of Ti is e_c~(2.9907) · (s_c~(0.4980) d_c~(2.4927)) ef1.0093 in crystal. The temperature dependences of the VB structures of hcp and bcc phases are the same. The VB structures of hcp and bcc phases monotonically increase or decrease with the increase in temperature, but show discontinuous changes at the phase-transformation temperature 1155K.