一种优化动态回复阶段位错密度增量的方法

为了进一步改善瞬态形核率动态再结晶CA模型的动态回复阶段模拟精度,提出了采用应力差闭环控制-黄金搜索法取代唯象的位错密度增量模型来搜索、优化动态回复位错密度增量的方法,通过HPS485wf钢动态再结晶过程仿真和热模拟实验检验了该方法的合理性和应用效果。结果表明,这一方法合理、可行,能优化位错密度增量以提高动态回复阶段和动态再结晶全程的模拟精度和稳定性,较比传统的恒形核率动态再结晶CA模型的动态回复阶段和动态再结晶全程的模拟精度分别提高了98.91%和91.71%,较比瞬态形核率动态再结晶CA模型的动态回复阶段和动态再结晶全程的模拟精度分别提高了95.16%和49.47%。     

纯铜动态再结晶过程的元胞自动机模拟

基于热加工过程金属学原理,建立了一类改进动态再结晶二维元胞自动机模型,模拟了加工硬化,动态回复、形核及再结晶晶粒长大等一系列过程.利用该模型可得到整个热加工过程流变应力变化,晶粒的形态、晶粒取向及大小.流变应力的大小可由基体与再结晶晶粒位错密度的平均值计算.采用该模型对不同应变,应变率及温度下纯铜动态再结晶过程进行了模拟,模拟结果与相同热变形条件下纯铜实验结果吻合较好.     

镍基变形高温合金动态软化行为与组织演变规律研究

采用Gleeble3500D热模拟试验机研究了GH4720Li合金的高温热变形行为,分析了不同热压缩工艺条件下流变力学曲线特征,建立了表征材料流变力学特征的包含应变参量的双曲正弦型Arrhenius本构关系模型以及BP人工神经网络模型,并通过对材料热变形组织的表征,揭示了GH4720Li合金高温变形过程中的动态再结晶形核机制。结果表明,包含应变参量的双曲正弦型Arrhenius本构关系模型预测精度较差,而BP人工神经网络模型能很好地表征GH4720Li合金热变形过程中的流变力学行为,模型预测值与实验值的平均相对误差仅为0.814%。组织分析结果表明,GH4720Li合金在1140℃条件下动态再结晶的主要形核机制为非连续动态再结晶,变形晶粒的晶界为再结晶晶粒提供形核位置。     

基于元胞自动机法的7055铝合金动态再结晶模拟研究

利用等温热压缩实验建立了7055铝合金的流变应力、位错密度、形核率以及晶粒长大模型,并基于元胞自动机(CA)法模拟研究了7055铝合金在变形温度300~450℃,应变速率0.01~10 s~(-1),真实应变0.7条件下的微观组织演变。结果显示,高温、高应变速率有利于动态再结晶的形核;而高温、低应变速率有利于动态再结晶的充分进行,并能降低微观组织的平均晶粒尺寸,提升材料的组织均匀性。通过CA法模拟获得的流变应力曲线与实验值吻合较好。     

微合金钢热变形组织与性能演变的CA模拟

建立了预测微合金钢热变形奥氏体动态再结晶组织与性能演变的元胞自动机模型.采用基于位错密度的动态再结晶理论,主要考虑动态再结晶的形核、晶粒长大,实现对动态再结晶过程晶粒形态、体积分数及晶粒尺寸的定量化表征及其演变过程的可视化描述,获得了位错密度及流变应力等参数.模拟得到的动态再结晶组织形貌及基于位错密度变化计算出的流变应力与实验结果吻合较好.     

纯铜动态再结晶的Monte Carlo法模拟

本文建立了一种基于能量判据的确定动态再结晶各个阶段临界应变的方法，并基于此种方法Monte Carlo(MC)法进行了纯铜动态再结晶的二维模拟，定量计算了变形引起的存储能与变形之间的关系，计算出了发生动态再结晶的临界应变。模拟结果表明，采用MC法可以揭示动态再结晶的形核生长过程与应变历史之间的关系。结合本文所建立的基于能量判据的确定动态再结晶各个阶段临界应变的方法，可以预测开始发生动态再结晶的临界变形条件。     

新型耐热合金TG700C热变形及动态再结晶行为

利用等温热压缩实验,研究了TG700C合金变形温度为1050~1250℃、应变速率为1~20 s-1、变形量为60%变形条件下的热变形及动态再结晶行为。对材料高应变速率下的变形热效应进行了温升修正,获得了该合金的流变曲线和热变形本构方程,热变形过程的表观激活能为Q=624.762 k J/mol。该合金经过温升修正后的流变曲线呈现稳态的流变应力,不同变形温度和应变速率下合金的流变应力存在差异。合金的动态再结晶形核方式为应变诱导晶界迁移形核,在高温低应变速率下,动态再结晶形核容易发生,再结晶的比例随着温度的升高和应变速率的降低而提高。     

09CuPTiRE钢的高温塑性变形行为分析

基于单道次热模拟试验,绘制了09CuPTiRe钢完整的高温流变曲线,建立了09CuPTiRe钢的双曲正弦本构方程,确定了09CuPTiRe钢的再结晶图及动态再结晶软化率.结果表明:流变曲线计算值与实验值吻合良好；实验变形条件下,应变速率对09CuPTiRe钢的动态再结晶起主要作用,动态再结晶软化率与变形温度、应变速率满足线性关系.     

Effect of Deformation Conditions on the Dynamic Recrystallization of GH690 Alloy

采用Gleeble-3500热模拟试验机进行高温等温压缩实验,研究了变形条件对GH690合金高温变形动态再结晶的影响。结果表明:GH690合金动态再结晶过程是一个受变形温度和应变速率控制的过程,在应变速率为0.001～1s-1的实验条件下,GH690合金获得完全动态再结晶组织所需的温度随变形速率的增大而升高;动态再结晶晶粒尺寸随变形温度升高而增大。采用力学方法直接从流变曲线确定了GH690合金发生动态再结晶的临界应变量,并回归出临界应变量与Z参数的关系式:εc=1.135×10-3Z0.14233。GH690合金的主要动态再结晶机制是原始晶界凸起形核的不连续动态再结晶机制(DDRX),而新晶粒通过亚晶逐渐转动而形成的连续动态再结晶机制(CDRX)则起辅助作用。     

TA15钛合金β热变形中的动态再结晶形核

利用Thermecmaster-Z型热模拟试验机在β相区对TA15钛合金进行了热压缩试验,采用金相显微镜及EBSD取向差分析技术,研究了TA15钛合金β热变形中动态再结晶形核.结果表明,随内、外界条件的不同,TA15钛合金存在两类典型的动态再结晶形核地点,即晶界周围及变形带.相应地,随应变速率增大,存在两种动态再结晶形核机制,在较低应变速率下,晶界弓弯形核是动态再结晶的主要形核机制,晶界、三岔界是主要形核地点;在高应变速率下,动态再结晶不仅可以在晶界、三岔界附近形核,还可以借助变形带形核.此时的动态再结晶形核为晶界弓弯与亚晶旋转机制共同作用.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.