提高油田注水井洗井有效率的措施

洗井是注水井日常管理中常规的一种手段,对维护井筒,清除注水层渗滤面,减缓吸水能力的下降起着重要作用,本文研究了提高注水井洗井有效率的方法。     

注水井洗井方法研究与应用

本文探讨了洗井方法的影响因素,洗井方法及其应用,注水井洗井是注水管理的重要维护措施,通过洗井可有效地清除油管及井筒内脏物,保障正常注水、测调及地层吸水能力,对注水管理有着重要意义。     

煤与瓦斯突出射流机理研究进展

煤与瓦斯突出是我国煤矿最严重自然灾害,目前其研究还远未达到机理清晰、规律明确的程度。基于煤与瓦斯突出机理仍处于假说阶段的实际情况,总结了煤与瓦斯突出机理国内外研究现状,提出利用多相流体力学、固体力学和岩石断裂力学等交叉学科的优势,从大量现场观察到的煤与瓦斯突出射流特征出发,基于含固气两相流体多孔介质射流理论、孔隙瓦斯压力局部化理论研究煤与瓦斯突出机理,给出了煤与瓦斯突出连续射流模型,并进行了数值模拟。结果表明：采用射流理论研究煤与瓦斯突出是可行的。     

垂直共轴锥管中石蜡/乙醇液液两相流研究

本文以垂直共轴锥管(锥角α=2. 8°)为研究对象,采用分散相为液体石蜡、连续相为乙醇,研究石蜡/乙醇两相流。实验中发现了五种流型:柱塞流、滴流、射流、管状流和线状流。随着分散相流量的增大,石蜡微滴的流型由滴流转变为柱塞流或射流,石蜡微滴的直径和频率都增大;随着连续相流量的增大,石蜡微滴的流型由柱塞流转变为滴流、射流,石蜡微滴的直径减小、频率增大。     

表面张力对共轴微通道气液两相流的影响

本文以共轴流微通道芯片为研究对象,采用分散相为氩气、连续相为十二烷基硫代硫酸钠(SDS)的水溶液,在400μm×600μm矩形通道内形成气液两相流。改变表面活性剂的浓度,观察表面张力改变下流型的变化趋势,绘制出以连续相毛细数为横坐标、分散相韦伯数为纵坐标的流型分布图。实验得到滴流、滴状射流、弹状流、环状流的四种流型。随着表面张力减小,弹状流与环状流之间的边界向右移,滴流与射流之间的向边界右移。弹状流与滴流、射流之间的边界向右移不明显。     

基于热不平衡两流体模型气氧射流冷凝过程研究

建立了氧气在液氧流体中流动冷凝过程的一维热不平衡两流体六方程模型,提出了气泡冷凝模型,对过热蒸气状态方程,相界面受力方程也进行了改进。研究了高温气氧射流冷凝过程的气液两相分布特性,包括两相流速分布,声速分布以及冷凝特征长度L/d。分析了气液流量比,液氧温度和压力对气氧射流冷凝过程的影响,得出了提高液氧过冷度能够减小气氧射流冷凝特征长度。获得了冷凝特征长度凝结关系式,仿真结果与气氧射流冷凝试验结果一致,验证了热不平衡两流体模型求解气氧射流冷凝问题在较大工况范围的适应性。     

分散相流量对液态金属复合微滴的影响

本文以竖直共轴微通道为研究对象,采用液态金属为分散相、海藻酸钠溶液(1wt%)为连续相,二者在微通道内形成两相流,改变分散相流量和固定连续相流量,通过高速摄影技术对微滴形成过程进行拍摄分析。复合微滴形成经历了滴流包覆(Dripping)、柱塞流包覆(Squeezing)、复合射流(Compound Jetting)三种模式。根据实验数据,绘制出以连续相流量为横坐标、分散相流量为纵坐标的流型分布图。发现固定连续相Qc,改变分散相流量Qd对微滴产生频率fd、连续相悬滴包覆分散相微滴数目n、微滴产生机理有明显影响。只有在滴流包覆(Dripping)模式下,才能获得均匀的复合微滴。     

并联矩形突扩微通道气液两相流动特性研究

微尺度下的相变强化传热是微电子领域散热的研究热点,而微通道内气液两相流流型和压降分析是微流动系统设计和控制的基础。本文针对并联矩形突扩微通道,通过流型可视化、理论分析及实验研究的方式,对微通道内两相流动特性进行了分析研究。通过可视化实验,在并联矩形突扩微通道内观察到了4种典型流动,分别为泡状流、塞状流、弹状流和环状流。当Qg=110 mL/min、Ql=20 mL/min时,两相流动流型达到最大程度的射流状态,出现充分流体射流情况。通过建立压降预测模型,结合实验结果分析了压降模型的适用性和精度,结果表明:含有突扩结构的并联矩形微通道在质量流速为367~691 kg/(m^2·s)范围内的压降预测模型的平均预测误差为18.56%,优于经典文献中的预测精度,且随着整体压降的增大,预测精度增大。     

截断式脉冲射流流场结构模拟与冲蚀硬岩能力分析

孔盘截断式脉冲射流能够充分利用水锤压力、高速侧向流、循环载荷等效应,破岩效率高,在硬岩破碎中具有较高的开发潜力。基于VOF模型和动网格技术,建立与截断式脉冲射流生成装置几何及运动过程一致的两相流瞬态计算模型,结合高速摄像技术,研究了截断式脉冲水射流的流体结构的动态演变动力特征,测试了截断式脉冲水射流的破岩能力,并分别从流畅结构和破岩能力上与常规圆柱水射流进行了对比分析。研究结果表明:截断式脉冲射流有助于在射流末端形成偏转的瓦状尖体结构,可有效减弱或避免激波阻力的影响;截断式脉冲水射流在破岩过程中,岩石靶物冲蚀孔口呈现非轴对称形态,与常规圆柱射流相比,截断式脉冲射流能够大幅度提升破岩速度,增大破岩体积。     

液固两相流对金属材料冲刷腐蚀的研究现状及展望

液固两相流条件下的金属冲刷腐蚀严重影响油气田安全生产。综述了在液固两相流条件下金属材料冲刷腐蚀的研究现状,列举了液固两相流对金属冲刷腐蚀的研究方法,探讨了液固两相流对金属冲刷腐蚀的机理,并对其相关研究的发展趋势进行展望。     

Numerical simulation of microscopic flow in a fiber bundle using the moving particle semi-implicit method

This paper simulated the microscopic flow in a fiber bundle using the moving particle semi-implicit (MPS) method. Two phases (resin and air) were directly modeled to clarify the detailed mechanism of air entrapments in a fiber bundle. An external force was then introduced into the Navier–Stokes equation using a quasi-potential term to express the wettability between fiber and resin. To validate the MPS method for application to resin flow, we simulated a droplet of resin and the capillary flow of resin between the fibers. To validate the present approach, we simulated water-and-air two-phase flow and compared the simulation results with experiment results. The simulated results for water flow agreed well with the experiment results. Based on these validations, resin-and-air two-phase flow in a fiber bundle was simulated to analyze void formation in a fiber bundle. The simulation indicates that void formation depends on fiber arrangement as well as wettability.     

气固两相流介质中声衰减测量方法研究

通过声波衰减谱反推气固两相流状态,是气固两相流声学监测研究的一种重要方法。在假设声能量的相对衰减量与声波传播距离成正比的前提下,推导出声压级随传播距离变化的表达式。设计搭建了测试两相流下声衰减的实验台,根据声压级随传播距离变化的关系,推导出实验计算气固两相流声衰减系数的表达式。实验条件下的噪声主要为风机的漩涡噪声和旋转噪声,以及机械噪声和气流的气动噪声。分析不同噪声的特点,提出了通过A计权网络和小波滤波相结合的滤除噪声的方法。     

微通道换热器两相流分布研究现状与展望

两相流进入微通道换热器容易出现分布不均匀的现象,显著降低微通道换热器的性能.本文对微通道换热器两相流分布的研究动态进行了归纳与分析,主要介绍了微通道换热器中两相流分布特性的影响因素、提升微通道换热器中两相流分布均匀性的技术方案、微通道换热器两相流分布特性的仿真研究及相分离技术在微通道换热器中的应用;论述了两相流在微通道...     

Pressure drop and flashing mechanisms in refrigerant expansion devices

This paper examines a novel pressure drop mechanism as well as flow choking conditions that determine mass flow rate in refrigerant expansion devices. For this study, an ideal situation is considered where an expansion device such as a short tube orifice or a thermostatic expansion valve is modeled as an ideal isentropic nozzle. In addition, a liquid with a certain initial degree of superheat is first expanded in the converging nozzle down to the exit section without any phase transition. At the exit section where the metastable liquid jet flashes to produce a complex axisymmetric two-phase flow, a shock wave may terminate the overall expansion process. The model presented here is based on experimental observations in short nozzles, where the metastable liquid in the central core undergoes a sudden phase transition in the interfacial region, giving rise to a high-speed two-phase flow. A simple 1-D analysis of the radial evaporation wave based on the theory of discontinuities from gas dynamics leads to the Chapman–Jouguet (C-J) solution. Flow choking issues are examined and numerical examples are presented for three common refrigerants: R134a, R-22, and R-600a. Results suggest that the evaporation wave may be the flow controlling mechanism in these devices.     

Experimental validation of void fraction models for R410A air conditioners

This paper presents the combined void fraction models on the basis of flow pattern to choose suitable models for calculating the two-phase refrigerant mass of R410A air conditioners, and the model is validated experimentally. The existing single void fraction models are also evaluated experimentally. The Taitel–Dukler flow pattern map is recommended to use in the combined void fraction models. The results presented herein show that the calculated refrigerant mass using the combined void fraction models agrees relatively better with the measured refrigerant mass than that of the single void fraction models. T–B model (for intermittent flow) and Premoli model (for annular flow) are recommended for calculating the two-phase refrigerant mass in evaporator, and T–B model (for intermittent flow) and Harms model (for annular flow) are also indicated for calculating the two-phase refrigerant mass in condenser.     

Two-phase flows in pipes and capillary channels

This review is devoted to analysis of two-phase flow patterns in capillary channels. Studies are considered in which flow pattern maps are obtained of two-phase flow in channels of different cross sections with the transverse dimension ranging from 20 μm to 255 mm. Data on flow patterns are systematized and given in tables. The impact made by capillary effects is analyzed compared to the influence of other factors under conditions of two-phase flow in channels. The classification of channels based on the degree of manifestation of capillarity is validated. Characteristic features of two-phase flow in channels of noncircular cross section are considered. It is demonstrated that thermocapillary effects may be significant under conditions of nonisothermal two-phase flow in microchannels and under conditions of weak effect of gravitation. __________ Translated from Teplofizika Vysokikh Temperatur, Vol. 44, No. 5, 2006, pp. 777–795. Original Russian Text Copyright ? 2006 by E. A. Chinnov and O. A. Kabov.     

液氢加注系统

简要介绍了新型液氢加注系统，为防止两相流，对原系统做了重大改进。根据试验结果，从理论上简要分析了这些改进的机理和效果。     

Flow boiling of ammonia and hydrocarbons: A state-of-the-art review

A comprehensive review of flow boiling heat transfer, two-phase pressure drops and flow patterns of ammonia and hydrocarbons applied in air-conditioning, refrigeration and heat pump systems is presented in this paper. First, experimental studies of flow boiling of ammonia and hydrocarbons are addressed. Then, the prediction methods for flow boiling heat transfer, two-phase pressure drops and flow patterns are described. Next, comparisons of four flow boiling heat transfer and four two-phase pressure drop methods to the experimental data in smooth tubes derived from the available studies are presented. In addition, comparison of flow patterns to a flow map is presented. Based on the comparisons and analysis, recommendations on these methods are given. Furthermore, research needs on flow boiling and two-phase flow of ammonia and hydrocarbons have been identified. It is suggested that more experimental data be obtained through well conducted experiments and new prediction methods or modified ones based on the available methods be made for ammonia and hydrocarbons. In addition, the effect of oil on ammonia and hydrocarbon flow boiling and two-phase flow should be studied in order to have conclusive evidence of its effect.     

毛细管内制冷剂气液两相流动研究现状与发展

本文就目前制冷剂在毛细管中流动的研究现状及发展进行了分析，对制冷剂在毛细管中的流动过程进行了论述，阐述了目前的研究状况。对管内流动的特性、管内摩擦系数的确定方法进行了叙述。     

经验模态分解和空间滤波在两相流速度测量中的应用

在利用空间滤波和电容传感器测量两相流速度时,需要准确测量电容传感器输出信号的带宽.针对此问题提出一种利用经验模态分解算法来测量传感器带宽的方法.文章首先介绍电容传感器的空间滤波效应和经验模态分解的基本原理,并给出固体速度和电容传感器输出信号带宽之间的关系.然后将经验模态分解和平滑滤波器结合对测量信号进行平滑处理,测量处...