辛二酸钙成核改性等规聚丙烯研究

研究了1种高效β晶型成核剂辛二酸钙(CaSu)的用量对等规聚丙烯(iPP)熔融、结晶行为和力学性能的影响。结果表明,CaSu为良好的β晶型成核剂,添加0.20%(质量分数)CaSu,β晶型含量可以达到84.02%;添加CaSu可以使iPP的成核能力增强,使其结晶温度增加;CaSu诱导iPP产生大量β晶型,同时降低了球晶的尺寸;添加CaSu可使iPP的缺口冲击强度、拉伸强度以及断裂伸长率提高,但弯曲模量降低。     

β成核剂改性iPP的熔融结晶行为与力学性能研究

采用3种β成核剂(NT-A,NT-B和NT-C)制备了β晶等规聚丙烯(β-iPP)样品,应用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)分析、偏光显微镜(POM)观察和力学性能测试研究了β-iPP的熔融、结晶行为和力学性能。结果表明:加入β成核剂后,诱导iPP由α晶向β晶转变,结晶温度提高,球晶明显细化。3种β成核剂的成核效率和改性样品的缺口冲击强度顺序为NT-C>NT-B>NT-A,添加NT-C质量分数0.050%时,样品的最大缺口冲击强度可达纯iPP的3.7倍。     

纳米ZnO对等规聚丙烯结晶的异相成核作用

采用熔融共混法制备了nano-ZnO/等规聚丙烯(iPP)复合材料,研究了振荡剪切条件下nano-ZnO对iPP结晶的异相成核作用,并与其静态结晶行为作对比。结果表明:静态结晶下,当nano-ZnO质量分数大于5%时,nano-ZnO对iPP结晶有明显的异相成核作用,使iPP结晶温度大幅度提高,相容剂PP接枝马来酸酐(PP-g-MAH)的加入增强了nano-ZnO粒子与iPP基体的界面相互作用,改善了纳米粒子的分散性,促进了iPP基体的异相成核。振荡剪切作用下,降低结晶温度和加入nano-ZnO均能促进iPP成核,当nano-ZnO质量分数大于3%后,异相成核达到饱和,振荡剪切对nano-ZnO/iPP复合材料存在显著的诱导结晶作用;加入PP-g-MAH后,nano-ZnO分散性的改善及其与iPP基体界面相互作用的加强使得nano-ZnO/iPP复合材料的结晶诱导时间明显缩短。     

降冰片烯苄酰胺酸盐对等规聚丙烯力学性能和结晶性能的影响

采用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)和偏光显微镜(POM)考察了降冰片烯苄酰胺酸的不同金属盐在等规聚丙烯(iPP)中的成核效果,并研究了这些成核剂对iPP力学性能和光学性能的影响。结果表明,降冰片烯苄酰胺酸盐对ipp熔融峰值温度和结晶峰值温度的影响规律完全一致,降冰片烯苄酰胺酸钠盐(BHBC11)具有有较好的成核效果,添加浓度在0.2%时可使iPP的拉伸强度提高4.6%,弯曲模量提高18.6%;同时可使iPP的结晶峰值温度提高11.5℃;BHBC11的加入可以显著降低球晶的尺寸并大大缩短结晶时间;应用Caze方法对iPP和BHBC11成核iPP的非等温结晶动力学进行了研究,其Avrami指数都接近4。     

预剪切注射成型iPP/MWCNTs复合材料β晶分布调控

通过熔融共混制备了等规聚丙烯(iPP)/多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)复合材料,分析了MWCNTs对iPP基体非等温结晶行为的影响,研究了MWCNTs的加入对iPP基体β晶形成以及β晶分布的影响。结果表明:MWCNTs对iPP基体来说,可以起到α晶成核剂的作用;通过利用高温预剪切与MWCNTs之间的竞争作用,可以有效地对iPP/MWCNTs复合材料注塑制品不同层次β晶的含量及其分布进行调控。     

熔体状态对等规聚丙烯结晶行为的影响

通过Linkam CSS450剪切热台控制等规聚丙烯(iPP)的熔融温度,研究了不同熔融温度下熔体有序程度对iPP静态结晶和剪切诱导结晶行为的影响。结果表明:降低熔融温度能有效提高iPP静态结晶动力学;对于剪切诱导结晶过程,随着熔融温度的降低,iPP分子链取向程度得到提高,相同剪切速率下,低温熔融样品的分子链取向程度较高;熔体中有序结构含量随熔融温度升高而降低,这些有序结构能沿流动方向进行取向排列。     

一种高效酰胺类透明成核剂对聚丙烯性能的影响

研究了一种新型酰胺类成核剂,1,3,5-苯三甲酸三(新戊胺),对等规聚丙烯(iPP)性能的影响。首先,对i PP光学和力学性能进行表征。结果表明,该成核剂在较低的浓度下就展现了较高的成核效果,当添加量为0.3‰(质量分数,下同)时,iPP雾度降低了60.2%,弯曲弹性模量和拉伸强度分别提高了19.7%和13.7%,这说明该成核剂是一种高效的iPP透明成核剂。其次,应用偏光显微镜和差示扫描量热仪分别对iPP晶体形貌和结晶行为进行了表征。结果表明,纯iPP在30 min还未完成结晶过程,结晶速率较慢。加入成核剂后,成核i PP在4 min左右就基本完成了结晶过程,结晶速率大大提高,同时球晶尺寸明显减小。另外,成核剂使i PP结晶温度从121.1℃提高至130.0℃,熔融温度从164.1℃提高至165.8℃。这进一步说明了该成核剂的高效。最后,对纯iPP和成核iPP的等温结晶动力学进行研究,结果表明,该成核剂降低了iPP的Avrami指数n,说明其能够促进iPP的异相成核,从而加快结晶速率。     

SEBS对ABS β成核iPP的增容作用

采用熔融共混法制备了等规聚丙烯/丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(iPP/ABS)共混物,研究了相容剂苯乙烯-乙烯-丁烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(SEBS)对ABS β成核iPP的相形态、结晶及熔融行为、晶体结构以及力学性能的影响。结果表明:少量ABS的加入能诱导iPP形成β晶,iPP/ABS共混物的拉伸性能和冲击性能明显提升。SEBS的加入增强了ABS分散相与iPP基体的界面相互作用,改善了ABS分散相的分散性,提高了iPP/ABS共混物的断裂伸长率和冲击强度,但却抑制了ABS诱导iPP生成β晶,且共混物的拉伸强度和拉伸模量略有下降。     

等规聚丙烯/顺丁橡胶合金的结晶和抗冲击性能

研究了熔融共混法制备的不同共混比的等规聚丙烯(iPP)／顺丁橡胶(PcBR)合金的结晶特性及抗冲击性能。结果显示,随着(?)(PcBR)从0增至40％,iPP球晶的完整程度逐渐下降,球晶间的边界模糊化,球晶不断细化; PcBR的加入诱导了iPP的β晶型生成,其含量的增加导致合金中的微晶尺寸减小,晶面间距值基本不变,而长周期则明显增加;同时,合金的结晶峰所对应的温度有所升高,结晶速率明显增大,而相对结晶度减小,PcBR对iPP的结晶起到异相成核剂的作用;PcBR对iPP有显著的增韧效果。     

α/β复合成核剂对等规聚丙烯结晶形态的影响及非等温结晶动力学

采用偏光显微镜(POM)及示差扫描量热(DSC)法考察了3种α/β复合成核剂NA40/NABW、NA40/HHPA-Ba、NA40/PA-03对成核等规聚丙烯(iPP)的结晶形态及非等温结晶动力学的影响。对成核iPP结晶形态的研究结果表明：α/β复合成核剂的加入能够减小iPP的球晶尺寸。影响α/β复合成核剂成核iPP结晶形态的主要因素是ΔT_Cp（ΔT_Cp为成核iPP结晶峰值温度与iPP结晶峰值温度的差值）,即复合体系中ΔT_Cp较大的成核剂在iPP结晶过程中起主导作用,最终的结晶形态与单独添加这一成核剂时iPP的结晶形态相类似;当两种成核剂的ΔT_Cp接近相同时,两者竞争成核,成核iPP的结晶形态表现为两种成核剂共同作用的结果。因此,通过改变α/β复合成核剂的复合比例即改变两种成核剂的添加浓度,进而改变其ΔT_Cp,可以得到结晶形态完全不同的iPP。采用Caze法对非等温动力学进行了研究,结果表明：添加α/β复合成核剂能够提高iPP的结晶温度,缩短半结晶时间。复合成核剂成核iPP的结晶行为也同样受成核剂ΔT_Cp的影响,复合成核iPP的Avrami指数接近于复合体系中ΔT_Cp较大的成核剂单独添加时iPP的Avrami指数。     

新型高效聚丙烯β晶型成核剂

采用差示扫描量热仪和广角X射线衍射仪考察了降冰片烯十二酰胺酸的不同金属盐对聚丙烯晶型结构的影响。结果表明,0.2 ％（质量分数,下同）的降冰片烯十二酰胺酸锌盐（NBDA30）能够诱导聚丙烯产生高含量的β晶型（k值为81.7 ％）。在此基础上进一步研究了N BDA30的添加含量对聚丙烯力学性能和结晶性能的影响。结果表明,当成核剂添加量超过0.4 ％时,聚丙烯的冲击强度和结晶温度开始提高,球晶尺寸开始减小;冲击强度最大值在0.8 ％时取得,冲击强度从纯聚丙烯的31.8 J/m提高到91.0 J/m,提高幅度约为3倍;同时NBDA30成核聚丙烯的拉伸强度和弯曲模量没有明显降低。     

β成核剂对抗冲聚丙烯共聚物的结晶和力学性能研究

分别用α晶型成核剂和β晶型成核剂对抗冲聚丙烯共聚物（iPP）的结晶和力学性能进行研究,并用偏光显微镜（POM）、广角X射线衍射仪（WAXD）和差示扫描量热仪（DSC）对其进行了详细的表征。结果表明,α和β成核剂使iPP的起始结晶温度（ton）提高15.3℃和12.7℃,结晶峰温度（tp）提高17℃和13.7℃,结晶速率加快。两种成核剂都能使球晶细化,使结晶更加均匀化、规整化,从而使结晶度增加。α成核剂（TMA-3）使iPP的拉伸强度、冲击强度和断裂伸长率分别提高到23.43MPa、22.27kJ/m2和788%;β成核剂因主要是改变球晶的形态,形成与α球晶完全不同的β晶型,使iPP的拉伸强度、冲击强度和断裂伸长率的提高比α成核剂显著,分别达到24MPa、32.81kJ/m2和861%。     

Crystallization morphologies and non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of isotactic polypropylene modified by α/β compounded nucleating agents

采用偏光显微镜(POM)及示差扫描量热(DSC)法考察了3种α/β复合成核剂NA40/NABW、NA40/HHPA-Ba、NA40/PA-03对成核等规聚丙烯(iPP)的结晶形态及非等温结晶动力学的影响。对成核iPP结晶形态的研究结果表明：α/β复合成核剂的加入能够减小iPP的球晶尺寸。影响α/β复合成核剂成核iPP结晶形态的主要因素是ΔT_Cp（ΔT_Cp为成核iPP结晶峰值温度与iPP结晶峰值温度的差值）,即复合体系中ΔT_Cp较大的成核剂在iPP结晶过程中起主导作用,最终的结晶形态与单独添加这一成核剂时iPP的结晶形态相类似;当两种成核剂的ΔT_Cp接近相同时,两者竞争成核,成核iPP的结晶形态表现为两种成核剂共同作用的结果。因此,通过改变α/β复合成核剂的复合比例即改变两种成核剂的添加浓度,进而改变其ΔT_Cp,可以得到结晶形态完全不同的iPP。采用Caze法对非等温动力学进行了研究,结果表明：添加α/β复合成核剂能够提高iPP的结晶温度,缩短半结晶时间。复合成核剂成核iPP的结晶行为也同样受成核剂ΔT_Cp的影响,复合成核iPP的Avrami指数接近于复合体系中ΔT_Cp较大的成核剂单独添加时iPP的Avrami指数。     

Crystallization characteristics of isotactic polypropylene with and without nucleating agents

Nucleation effects of two sorbitol derivatives on the crystallization of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) were studied by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and polarized optical microscopy (POM). A nonisothermal crystallization kinetic equation was employed to analyze the crystallization characteristics of iPP with or without the nucleating agents from DSC crystallization thermograms. The equilibrium melting temperature of iPP necessary for the kinetic study was obtained by the extrapolation method to be 209°C. The nonisothermal crystallization kinetic analysis for the unnucleated iPP at different cooling rates was possible by assuming the spherulite growth initiated simultaneously by heterogeneous and homogeneous nucleation. On the other hand, the crystallization kinetics of the nucleated iPP could be described by the heterogeneous nucleation and growth process alone. The addition of the nucleating agents up to their saturation concentrations in iPP increased the crystallization peak temperature by 17°C, and the number of effective nuclei by three orders of magnitude. A high concentration of the nucleating agents caused agglomeration of the agents to lower the number of effective nuclei.     

两种羧酸盐成核剂的制备及其对聚丙烯的成核效果研究

合成了两种具有相似化学结构的聚丙烯（iPP）α晶型成核剂二环［2.2.1］庚⁃5⁃烯⁃2,3⁃二羧酸钠（NA₁）和二环［2.2.1］庚烷⁃2,3⁃二羧酸钠（NA₂）,研究了其在iPP中的成核效果。首先,利用差示扫描量热仪（DSC）和偏光显微镜（PLM）分别考察了两种成核剂对iPP结晶行为的影响。结果表明,当NA₁和NA₂的含量为0.3 %（质量分数,下同）时,iPP的结晶峰值温度分别提升了14.5 ℃和16.0 ℃。同时,两种成核剂都能够明显细化iPP球晶尺寸。其次,利用广角X射线衍射仪（WXAD）对成核iPP进行了表征,两种成核剂都诱导iPP产生了α晶型,说明均为α晶型成核剂。然后,对成核iPP的力学性能进行了表征。结果表明,随着两种成核剂用量的增加,iPP的拉伸强度和弯曲模量呈现先升高后平稳的趋势。当NA₁和NA₂含量为0.05 %时,成核iPP的拉伸强度较纯iPP分别提升了4.6 %和8.6 %,弯曲模量分别提升了8.2 %和21.7 %;冲击强度基本保持不变。     

Influence of different β‐nucleating agent on crystallization behavior,morphology, and melting characteristic of multiwalled carbon nanotube‐filled isotactic polypropylene nanocomposites

To obtain isotactic polypropylene (iPP) nanocomposites with high β‐crystal content, TMB5, calcium pimelate and calcium pimelate supported on the surface of nano‐CaCO₃ were used as β‐nucleating agent and MWCNT filled β‐nucleated iPP nanocomposites were prepared. The effect of different β‐nucleating agent and MWCNT on the crystallization behavior and morphology, melting characteristic and β‐crystal content of β‐nucleated iPP nanocomposites were investigated by DSC, XRD and POM. The results indicated that addition of MWCNT increased the crystallization temperature of iPP and MWCNT filled iPP nanocomposites mainly formed α‐crystal. The β‐nucleating agent can induce the formation of β‐crystal in MWCNT filled iPP nanocomposites. The β‐nucleating ability and β‐crystal content in MWCNT filled β‐nucleated iPP nanocomposites decreased with increasing MWCNT content and increased with increasing β‐nucleating agent content due to the nucleation competition between MWCNT and β‐nucleating agents. It is found that the calcium pimelate supported on the surface of inorganic particles as β‐nucleating agent has stronger heterogeneous β‐nucleation than calcium pimelate and TMB5. The MWCNT filled iPP nanocomposites with high β‐crystal content can be obtained by supported β‐nucleating agent. POLYM. COMPOS., 36:635–643, 2015. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers     

新型α-成核剂的制备及其对聚丙烯性能的影响

利用蒽、马来酸酐和水合肼为原料,制备了一种新型聚丙烯（PP）α-晶型成核剂（AMHD）。利用热重分析考察了该成核剂的热稳定性,采用X射线衍射分析、偏光显微镜和差示扫描量热法对该成核剂对等规聚丙烯（iPP）的结晶形态和结晶行为的影响进行了研究,并测试了其力学性能和维卡软化点。结果表明,成核剂AMHD有效提高了iPP的结晶温度（Tc）和结晶度（Xc）,其中Xc提高至50 ％;同时改善了iPP的力学性能和耐热性能,与纯iPP试样相比,iPP/AMHD的简支梁缺口冲击强度、拉伸强度和弯曲强度分别提高了1.27倍、18.02 ％和10.76％。     

LCP与PA66共混物的DSC分析与相容性研究

用溶液共混的方法制备热致聚酯酰胺液晶（LCP）和尼龙66（PA－66）共混物,用DSC、POM、WAXD等手段对共混物进行了表征。DSC和POM研究结果表明,LCP与PA－66之间有较好的相容性,LCP能在PA－66中较均匀分散,LCP的加入影响了PA－66的熔融和结晶行为,少量的LCP有利于PA－66的结晶,WAXD结果表明,LCP掺入了PA－66的结晶过程、形成共晶。     

Morphology and thermal properties in the binary blends of poly(propylene-co-ethylene) copolymer and isotactic polypropylene with polyethylene

The morphology and thermal properties of isothermal crystallized binary blends of poly(propylene-co-ethylene) copolymer (PP-co-PE) and isotactic polypropylene (iPP) with low molecular weight polyethylene (PE) were studied with differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), polarized optical microscopy (POM) and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD). In PP-co-PE/PE binary blends, however, the connected PE acted as a phase separating agent to promote phase separation for PP-co-PE/PE binary blends during crystallization. Therefore, the thermal properties of PP-co-PE/PE presented double melting peaks of PE and a single melting temperature of PP during melting trace; on the other hand, at cooling trace, the connected PE promoted crystallization rate because of enhanced segmental mobility of PP-co-PE during crystallization. At isothermal crystallization temperature between the melting points of iPP and PE, the binary blend was a crystalline/amorphous system resulting in persistent remarkable molten PE separated domains in the broken iPP spherulite. And then, when temperature was quenched to room temperature, the melted PE separated domains were crystallized that presented a crystalline/crystalline system and formed the intra-spherulite segregation morphology: these PE separated domains/droplet crystals contained mixed diluent PE with connected PE components. On the other hand, in the iPP/PE binary blends, the thermal properties showed only single melting peaks for both PE and iPP. Moreover, the glass transition temperature of iPP shifted to lower temperature with increasing PE content, implying that the diluent PE molecules were miscible with iPP to form two interfibrillar segregation morphologies: iPP-rich and PE-rich spherulites. In this work, therefore, we considered that the connected PE in PP-co-PE functioned as an effective phase separating agent for PP and diluent PE may be due to the miscibility between connected PE and diluent PE larger than that between PP and dispersed PE.