微量稀土对铸态Cu-3.0Si-2.0Ni合金组织及性能的影响

加入适量的稀土元素能有效改善铜合金的组织和性能.铸态Cu-3.0Si-2.0Ni合金中添加稀土Ce后,进行熔炼及热处理试验,再通过室温拉伸、导电率试验和金相观察,研究了微量Ce对铸态Cu-3.0Si-2.0Ni合金组织与性能的影响.结果表明:铸态合金晶粒随着Ce含量的升高呈现先减小后递增的趋势;铸态合金的抗拉强度和导电性随着Ce的增加分别先升高后减低;当Ce的质量分数为0.06%时,铸态合金的抗拉强度最高、导电性最强.     

Cu、Mg、Si元素含量对2014铝合金组织与性能的影响

通过设计三种合金成分，研究了Cu、Mg、Si元素含量对2014铝合金组织与性能的影响。研究结果表明，随着Cu、Mg、Si含量的增大，铸态组织的共晶相增多；当Cu含量低于4.2%时，502℃×30 h均匀化退火可以使Al2Cu完全回溶。合金经热挤压、固溶及人工时效处理后，合金保留了挤压变形的取向组织，但伴随有少量地细小再结晶晶粒形成。力学性能表明，Cu、Mg、Si含量的增加提高了合金强度并且没有降低断后延伸率。三种合金时效态屈服强度达到460 MPa以上，抗拉强度达到517 MPa以上，延伸率不低于10%，综合性能超出国际AMS标准。     

Y元素对超高强Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金显微组织和力学性能的影响

采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和室温拉伸力学性能测试等手段研究了Y元素对超高强Al-9Zn-2.5Mg-2Cu(wt.%)合金铸态和T6热处理态微观组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:Y元素的添加能够细化铸态合金晶粒,降低晶界第二相的连续性;经轧制变形和T6热处理后,随着Y元素含量的提高,合金的强度呈先升高后降低的趋势。当Y元素添加量为0.2%时,性能优秀,其屈服强度为590.1 MPa,极限抗拉强度为622.7 MPa,伸长率为10.44%。     

Ti元素对7072铝合金显微组织与性能的影响

通过透射电镜、扫描电镜、拉伸试验和电化学测试等方法,系统研究了Ti元素的添加对模拟钎焊态7072铝合金热传输材料的显微组织、不同条件下力学性能与电化学性能的影响规律.透射电镜分析表明,Ti元素的添加对晶粒尺寸的影响微弱,且对析出相的析出有抑制作用.力学试验结果表明,Ti元素对钎焊态合金的高温力学性能有很大的影响.常温下含Ti合金的拉伸力学性能与无Ti合金相近.但在150℃测试时,屈服强度可提高5.5 MPa,抗拉强度和延伸率基本不变.在200℃测试时,抗拉强度可提高近10 MPa,屈服强度和延伸率略有下降.电化学试验结果表明,添加Ti元素能提高钎焊态7072铝合金的抗腐蚀性能,可使7072铝合金在0.5%NaCl溶液、3.5%NaCl溶液和1M NaCl+0.3M H2O2溶液中的腐蚀电位分别正移8.3mV、11 mV和8.5 mV.     

热处理对高温钛合金TG6铸造组织及性能的影响

对熔模精铸TG6合金进行了热等静压和退火热处理试验,研究了其铸态、热等静压态和退火态的显微组织和力学性能。结果表明,该合金在铸态下为晶粒粗大的魏氏组织,组织中存在缩松缺陷,合金抗拉强度为871.3MPa,塑性0.8%,合金组织中的疏松缺陷为断裂的裂纹起始源;通过热等静压后该合金抗拉强度及伸长率提高到950.7 MPa和3.7%;经过750℃退火热处理后,组织中β板条部分溶解,并析出(TiZr)6Si3硅化物,合金的室温拉伸延伸率提高到5%以上,强度相对于热等静压未发生明显改变,断口表现为解理断裂。     

原位合成制备AlN弥散强化2024铝合金的研究

通过在氮气气氛下部分氮化Al-Mg-Cu合金压坯,再进行烧结和热挤压致密化的新工艺制备了Al N弥散强化2024铝合金。对Al N弥散强化2024铝合金的微观组织和力学性能进行了初步研究。透射电镜和X射线衍射表明,Al-Mg-Cu合金压坯经过氮化后生成了Al N颗粒。这种合金经过热挤压和热处理后表现出优异的力学性能。含有7.95%(体积分数)Al N弥散强化的2024铝合金经过挤压后并热处理的抗拉强度和屈服强度分别达到665 MPa和553 MPa。     

Ce和Cu复合合金化对A356.2合金组织和力学性能的影响

利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、室温拉伸试验机等研究了Ce和Cu复合合金化对A356.2铝合金组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明，在单独添加Ce时，随着Ce含量的增加，A356.2铝合金中的α-Al相得到不同程度的细化，在添加0.1%的Ce时，合金中α-Al相的二次枝晶臂间距最小为29.6μm,其抗拉强度最佳，为310.8 MPa。因此选用0.1%Ce和不同含量的Cu来研究其对A356.2合金组织和力学性能的影响，随着Cu含量增加，A356.2合金中α-Al相得到细化，共晶Si得到有效的变质，并且出现新的Al₂Cu和Al₈Cu₄Ce相，起到固溶强化和弥散强化的作用，提高了合金的强度。在添加1.5%Cu和0.1%的Ce后，A356.2铝合金力学性能最好，抗拉强度为350.75 MPa,屈服强度为273.80 MPa,延伸率为6.52%。     

喷射成形Al-8.5Fe-1.1V-1.9Si耐热铝合金的组织演变及性能分析

研究了喷射成形Al—8．5Fe—1．1V—1．9Si耐热铝合金组织结构的演变规律，测试了挤压态合金在室温及高温条件下的力学性能。与铸态组织特征相比较，喷射成形工艺有效地消除了铸态合金中粗大的富Fe析出相，获得了细小均匀的组织结构。利用OM，SEM，TEM，XRD等材料分析测试手段，探索了材料中可能的组织演变过程及规律，结果表明：喷射成形制备的Al—Fe—V—Si耐热铝合金中，形成了大量的弥散分布的球状相，有效的保证了合金在室温及高温下的力学性能。室温下，合金的抗拉强度可以达到445MPa，屈服强度也达到了398MPa，延伸率为16％；在315℃，合金的抗拉强度和屈服强度分别为229和209MPa。     

钒对电子电气用镁合金组织与性能的影响分析

采用搅拌摩擦加工方法,成功将金属钒粉高效地添加到铸态AZ81母体镁合金中,制备出电子电气用新型含钒镁合金,并进行显微组织、物相组成、微观织构和力学性能的测试与分析。结果表明:新型合金晶粒细小,由α-Mg基体相和少量的Mg_(17)Al_(12)相、Al3V相组成。与铸态AZ81母体镁合金相比,该新型含钒镁合金内部显微织构明显弱化、力学性能明显提高,织构Max值降低30%,抗拉强度提高27%,屈服强度提高60%,断后伸长率提高82%,断裂方式从混合断裂变为韧性断裂。     

铒对Al-4.5Mg-0.7Mn合金组织与性能的影响

采用拉伸性能测试、金相组织观察、扫描电镜与能谱分析以及X射线衍射等方法，研究了单独添加微量Er和Er，Zr复合添加对Al-4．5Mg-0．7Mn合金组织与性能的影响。结果表明，Er能够明显细化该合金的晶粒（枝晶网胞），改善合金铸态组织。微量Er和Zr元素的同时加入，使得Al-4．5Mg-0．7Mn合金的抗拉强度钆和屈服强度σ0．2均有所提高，而对合金的伸长率几乎没有影响。微量Er元素除部分固溶于Al基体外，大部分与Al形成具有L12型结构的Al3Er相，这种细小的Al3Er颗粒与Al基体共格，对合金起强化作用。     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of rates of infection of two methods of emergency ventricular drainage

The rates of infection of two methods of external ventricular drainage in use at Atkinson Morley's Hospital--namely, (a) percutaneous drainage with Rickham reservoirs and (b) tunnelled ventriculostomies--were compared in this retrospective review. Percutaneous drainage of CSF with Rickham reservoirs was associated with a 27% rate of infection as identified by positive microbiological cultures; tunnelled ventriculostomy catheters had a 10% infection rate. The difference in the infection rate between the two methods was statistically significant (P < 0.015). Other variables examined, including the age and sex of the patients and the reasons for ventricular drainage, were not associated with an increased rate of infection. Most infections from either method were caused by a coagulase negative staphylococcus. The average duration of ventricular drainage before identification of positive cultures was 5.7 days for Rickham reservoirs and 6.0 days for ventriculostomies.     

浅析《野草》的版画特征

鲁迅先生一生热爱美术作品,对版画中木刻兴趣尤甚.<野草>作为其"写心之作",亦呈现出一些与木刻版画一致的审美特征:一是具有木刻版画的色彩特征,多对比、多冷色,有阴郁的美感;二是具有木刻版画的力度特征,环境描写、人物刻画处处刀锋毕现,遒劲有力,有一种"力之美".     

四辊破碎机车刀架的改造

针对四辊破碎机车刀架车削中存在的几个问题,详细介绍了电动车刀架的结构和工作原理,建立主要设计参数的数学表达式,并进行适当的分析。改造后,这种电动车刀架运行平稳、可靠、方便、省力,取得了预期的效果。     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

Comparison of the results of surgical and conservative treatment of fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia

In this paper is treated the fundamental problematic of the fracture of the diaphysis of the tibia and the therapeutic results after the conservative and operative treatment are confronted. Among 518 patients with 433 open fractures and 35 with closed fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia, successful treatment of more 2/3 was obtained in the period from 1968 to 1972. Following our casuistics and literature, whose results are similar, we find out that the average total treatment of the osteosynthesis of the fracture of the diaphysis was shortened for 2,5 months depending upon the type and the localisation of the fracture. Apolied methods of the operative and conservative and conservative treatment in relation to the velocity of the medical cure as well as to the extreme anatomical-functional results are analised. We noticed that osteosynthesis, made by the intermedullary nail and the extension of the canals or by a small AO table, by the achieved stability makes conditions of immediate motions and an early rehabilitation. Because of that it gives the best functional results.     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

参与式农业基地建设行动方案设计

为了编制实用性强的基地建设行动方案,首先,确定参与式发展的主体,搭建一个"决策框架";其次,针对行动目标,提出不同参与主体,如管理者、农民、消费者等团队与个人的目标及行动内容;最后,工作应向重塑伙伴式合作关系,挖掘农民自我发展潜力,完成三大角色的转换,打造农业基地文化等方向推进.