垃圾填埋场渗滤液中的氨氮脱除技术

处理渗滤液,不仅考虑工艺方法处理渗滤液的效果,而且要考虑工艺对水量、水质变化的适应性。处理渗滤液的方法包括物理化学法和生物处理法。垃圾填埋场渗滤液尤其是老龄填埋场渗滤液中的氨氮含量普遍较高。对渗滤液氨氮的脱除技术-吹脱法、生物脱氮技术值得研究,对生物脱氮新技术的原理进行分析,并对在垃圾渗滤液脱氮中的应用进行了深度的探讨。     

贵阳市高雁垃圾填埋场渗滤液水质变化及影响评价

以贵阳市高雁垃圾填埋场为研究对象,分别在不同季节对该场新产生的垃圾渗滤液和储存在调节池内的老化渗滤液进行了水质分析与评价。结果表明:贵阳市高雁垃圾填埋场渗滤液中COD、氨氮、总磷浓度较高,其中氨氮最高。针对高雁垃圾填埋场渗滤液的处理现状,提出了相应的改进意见和建议。     

垃圾填埋场渗滤液处理系统改造研究

为寻找适合生活垃圾卫生填埋场渗滤液处理的工艺方法和最佳运行参数,需要对渗滤液处理系统进行改造,使改造后的渗滤液处理系统出水水质稳定,达到垃圾填埋场污染控制标准.经过测试的污水由填埋场过滤器过滤,根据垃圾处理过滤器的性能和组成,从经济和技术可行性方面考虑,可在薄膜生物反应器(MBR)完成后,将其纳入NF/RO系统,并在污...     

城市垃圾渗滤液的处理方法

文中介绍了垃圾渗滤液形成的过程及特点,并对目前采用的几种垃圾渗滤液处理方法进行了分析比较。阐述了垃圾卫生填埋场渗滤液处理的工艺,并提出一些建议。     

流域水环境治理中垃圾填埋场封场工程设计

水环境综合整治需对流域内污水、垃圾等进行系统治理,生活垃圾卫生填埋是目前广泛应用的一种处理方式,填埋场高质量封场可以有效防止渗滤液、地表径流等污染水环境.文章从垃圾填埋场覆盖工程、绿化工程、地下水污染控制、渗滤液处理、防洪及地表径流导排等方面对封场工程内容进行介绍,对设计要点进行系统分析,为类似工程建设与管理提供参考.     

垃圾填埋场对隧道影响及对策

文章通过对隧道与既有垃圾填埋场的影响、垃圾渗滤液成分及其对隧道的腐蚀性分析,确定垃圾填埋场对隧道施工期及运营期的影响程度,并针对混凝土结构的耐久性及垃圾渗滤液处理,采取了相应的工程措施,同时建立了隧道运营期长期监控监测体系,确保隧道的安全运营。     

垃圾填埋场渗滤液治理技术分析

在城市化进程中,垃圾作为城市代谢的产物,由于垃圾生产能力远远超过了处理能力,以至于许多地方都出现了"垃圾围城"的现象。相关统计数据显示,我国垃圾年均增长率超过10%,大量堆积的垃圾不仅散发出难闻的气味,污染大气环境,而且垃圾渗滤液还会对水源、土壤造成危害,最终通过食物链危害人类健康。因此,必须要采取科学有效的垃圾填埋场渗滤液治理技术,一来是从源头上减少渗滤液的产生量,二来则是借助于技术手段减轻或消除渗滤液的危害,实现垃圾的无害化处理。     

生活垃圾焚烧发电厂渗滤液处理工程实例

针对南通市某生活垃圾焚烧发电厂原生垃圾渗滤液水质成分复杂、水量变化大、污染物浓度高、可生化性能不稳定等特点,采用"预处理+厌氧(UASB)+两级A/O-MBR+NF/RO膜深度处理"的组合工艺。运行结果表明,处理出水各指标均能满足《生活垃圾填埋场污染控制标准》(GB16889-2008)表2排放标准。     

MBR工艺在垃圾渗滤液处理中的应用

在垃圾的渗滤液中很多污染物含量都很高,比如说NH3-N、COD等,这些污染物的危害程度都是不可估量的,但是传统的对于垃圾渗滤液的处理方法通常情况下都存在有很大的处理环节的压力,出水的水质也是很难得到有效保障的。MBR处理工艺在解决这方面问题上有着传统方法所没有的优势,在很大程度上解决了传统方法的不足之处,这种工艺对于垃圾渗滤液的污染物处理的效果好,去除率也高,适应能力强,另一方面,MBR工艺采用的是一体化的工艺设备,设备简单的同时节约了占地空间,操作维护起来也非常简单,已经逐渐在我们国内垃圾渗滤液处理中得到广泛使用和认可。     

反渗透技术在垃圾渗滤液净化处理中的应用

反渗透分离技术能有效截留垃圾渗滤液中溶解态的有机和无机污染物，在国外已广泛用于渗滤液的净化处理中，对现有的垃圾渗滤液反渗透净化处理工艺进行了总结，包括反渗透、高压反渗透、纳滤、膜组合、综合处理等工艺。这种垃圾渗滤液净化处理新技术符合我国政府的环保产业政策，应尽快得到应用和推广。     

焚烧厂垃圾渗滤液零排放设计

近年来,垃圾焚烧发电成为城市生活垃圾处置的主要方式之一。对于垃圾焚烧发电厂而言,如何处理垃圾渗滤液变得尤为重要。本文总结了生活垃圾渗滤液的危害、特点和目前流行的处理技术,分析了垃圾焚烧发电过程中产生的渗滤液回收再利用及实现零排放的可行性,找到其中存在的问题,以期为全国其他相关企业提供技术参考。     

Comparison between acetic acid and landfill leachates for the leaching of Pb(II), Cd(II), As(V), and Cr(VI) from cementitious wastes

The Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) has been widely used to characterize the suitability of solid wastes for disposal in landfills. However, the widespread application of this test for the assessment of wastes disposed in different landfill types is often questionable. This paper investigates the leaching profiles of cement-stabilized heavy metal ions, namely, Pb (II), Cd (II), As(V), and Cr(VI), using acetic acid and leachates from municipal and nonputrescible Australian landfill sites. The leaching profiles of Pb, Cd, As, and Cr using acetic acid were found to be similar to the nonputrescible landfill leachate and differed markedly from the municipal solid waste (MSW) leachate. The additional presence of high amounts of organic and inorganic compounds in the municipal landfill leachate influenced the leaching profiles of these metal ions as compared to the acetic acid and the nonputrescible systems. It is postulated that the organic compounds present in the municipal landfill leachate formed complexes with the Pb and Cd, increasing the mobility of these ions. Moreover, the organic compounds in the municipal landfill leachate induced a reducing environment in the leachate, causing the reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III). It was also found that the presence of carbonates in the municipal landfill leachate affected the stability of calcium arsenate, with the carbonate competing with arsenate for calcium at high pH, forcing arsenate into the solution.     

Leaching of lead from computer printed wire boards and cathode ray tubes by municipal solid waste landfill leachates

The proper management of discarded electronic devices (E-waste) is an important issue for solid waste professionals because of the magnitude of the waste stream and because these devices often contain a variety of toxic metals (e.g., lead). While recycling of E-waste is developing, much of this waste stream is disposed in landfills. Leaching tests are frequently used to characterize the potential of a solid waste to leach when disposed in a landfill. In the United States, the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) is used to determine whether a solid waste is a hazardous waste by the toxicity characteristic. The TCLP is designed to simulate worse-case leaching in a landfill environment where the waste is co-disposed with municipal solid waste (MSW). While the TCLP is a required analysis from a regulatory perspective, the leachate concentrations measured may not accurately reflect the concentrations observed under typical landfill conditions. Another method that can be performed to assess the degree a pollutant might leach from a waste in a landfill is to use actual landfill leachate as the leaching solution. In this study, two lead-containing components found in electronic devices (printed wire boards from computers and cathode ray tubes from computers and televisions) were leached using the TCLP and leachates from 11 Florida landfills. California's Waste Extraction Test (WET) and the Synthetic Precipitation Leaching Procedure were also performed. The results indicated that the extractions using MSW landfill leachates resulted in lower lead concentrations than those by the TCLP. The pH of the leaching solution and the ability of the organic acids in the TCLP and WET to complex with the lead are factors that regulate the amount of lead leached.     

垃圾填埋场渗沥液处理工艺及改造技术分析

随着人们生活水平的提高,环保意识也在逐渐增强,因此,环境保护就成为了人们广泛关注的问题之一.当前,城市垃圾的产生量与日俱增,而在垃圾被运送到填埋场后,会进行深度处理填埋,随着时间的推移就会产生大量的垃圾填埋渗沥液.这是垃圾填埋后产生的液状物质,会极大危害大气环境及地质条件,且渗沥液与一般的城市污水差别较大,会加剧处理难...     

TCLP underestimates leaching of arsenic from solid residuals under landfill conditions

Recent revision of the arsenic in drinking water standard will cause many utilities to implement removal technologies. Most of the affected utilities are expected to use adsorption onto solid media for arsenic removal. The arsenic-bearing solid residuals (ABSR) from adsorption processes are to be disposed of in nonhazardous landfills. The Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) tests whether a waste is hazardous or nonhazardous; most solid residuals pass the TCLP. However, the TCLP poorly simulates the alkaline pH, low redox potential, biological activity, long retention time, and organic composition of mature landfills. These same conditions are likely to favor mobilization of arsenic from metal oxide sorbents. This study quantifies leaching of arsenic from Activated Alumina (AA) and Granular Ferric Hydroxide (GFH), two sorbents expected to be widely used for arsenic removal. The sorbents were subjected to the TCLP, the Waste Extraction Test (WET), an actual landfill leachate, and two synthetic leachate solutions. Up to tenfold greater arsenic concentration is extracted by an actual landfill leachate than by the TCLP. Equilibrium leachate concentrations are not achieved within 18 h (the TCLP duration) and an N2 headspace and end-over-end tumbling increase the rate of arsenic mobilization. However, tests with actual landfill leachate indicate the WET may also underestimate arsenic mobilization in landfills.     

Removal of estrogenic activity from municipal waste landfill leachate assessed with a bioassay based on reporter gene expression

The leachate of a municipal waste landfill was tested for estrogenic activity using a reporter-gene-based bioassay with a human breast-cancer-derived cell line (MVLN cells). The leachate was processed with two different membrane-employing processes operating in parallel. One process consists of aerobic biological degradation, ultrafiltration, and subsequent adsorption to activated carbon. The second process was a reverse osmosis treatment of the raw leachate. Both processes are common in the treatment of landfill leachate. Here, the efficacy of the two processes to remove "estrogenicity" was compared. Both treatment processes removed more than 97% of the estrogenic activity, calculated as estradiol equivalents (EEQs), but they were not equally effective. After adsorption to activated carbon, no estrogenicity was detected, whereas concentrated effluent of the reverse osmosis treatment still elicited an estrogenic response in the bioassay. On the basis of chemical analysis, it is proposed that bisphenol A was responsible for the majority of estrogenic activity in the raw and treated leachate. Although the contribution of treated leachate to the estrogenic load on the aquatic environment seems to be low compared to that of sewage treatment works, the high estrogenic activity in raw landfill leachate stresses the necessity for the appropriate treatment of these leachates.     

工业园区一般工业固废填埋场设计与管理分析

在社会经济高速发展过程中,因工业生产产生的固体废物不断增多,所以,做好固体废物的处理工作十分重要,尤其是优化工业园区的固体废物处理技术以及固废填埋场的设计与管理工作.因此,本文首先分析了工业园区固体废物处理技术,再分析了工业园区一般工业固废填埋场的选址策略、工程规模与工艺设计策略,最后分析了填埋库区的工程设计策略、废水处理系统设计、填埋场封场设计与填埋场运行管理策略.     

Microorganisms in landfill bioreactors for accelerated stabilization of solid wastes

Landfill bioreactors (LBRs) with management of leachate and biogas have presented numerous advantages such as accelerated stabilization of solid wastes, reduced amount of leachate, and in situ leachate treatment. Such advantages have minimized environmental risks, have allowed extension of the useful life of the landfill site, and have fostered cost reduction. LBRs of three types have been developed using both anaerobic and aerobic modes: anaerobic, aerobic, and hybrid. Microorganisms in landfills cause various reactions related with organic fractions and heavy metals. Such functions have been stimulated in LBRs by recirculation of leachate with or without aeration. To date, most studies of microorganisms in LBRs have analyzed bacteria and archaea based on 16S rRNA genes and have analyzed fungi based on 18S rRNA genes from a taxonomical viewpoint. Indicator genes for specific functions in LBRs such as nitrification, denitrification, and methane production have also been monitored. The population dynamics of microorganisms in LBRs have been partially clarified, but the obtained data remain limited because of highly heterogeneous features of solid wastes inside LBRs. Systematic monitoring of microorganisms should be established to improve LBR performance.     

Impact of electronic waste disposal on lead concentrations in landfill leachate

Lead is the element most likely to cause discarded electronic devices to be characterized as hazardous waste. To examine the fate of lead from discarded electronics in landfills, five columns were filled with synthetic municipal solid waste (MSW). A mix of electronic devices was added to three columns (6% by weight), while two columns served as controls. A sixth column contained waste excavated from an existing MSW landfill. Leachate quality was monitored for 440 days. In columns with the synthetic waste, leachate pH indicated that the simulated landfill environment was characteristic of the acid phase of waste decomposition; lead leachability should be greater in the acid phase of landfill degradation as compared to the methanogenic phase. Lead concentrations ranged from 7 to 66 microg/L in the columns containing electronic waste and ranged from < 2 to 54 microg/L in the control columns. Although the mean lead concentrations in the columns containing electronic devices were greater than those in the controls, the difference was not found to be statistically significant when comparing the data sets over the entire monitoring period. Lead results from the excavated waste column suggest that lead concentrations in all columns will decrease as the pH increases toward more neutral methanogenic conditions.     

Distribution and fate of inorganic and organic arsenic species in landfill leachates and biogases

The arsenic release from landfills requires special attention both due to its potential toxicity and due to the increasing global municipal solid waste production. The determination of arsenic species in both leachates and biogases has been performed in this work to determine the fate of arsenic in landfills. Both inorganic and methylated arsenic species occur in leachates with concentrations varying from 0.1 to 80 microg As L(-1). These species are representative of the leachate arsenic composition, as the mean recovery obtained for the speciation analyses is 67% of the total arsenic determined in elementary analyses. In biogases, both methylated and ethylated volatile arsenic species have been identified and semiquantified (0-15 microg As m(-3)). The landfill monitoring has emphasized close relationships between the concentrations of mono-, di-, and tri-methylated arsenic compounds in leachates. A biomethylation pathway has thus been proposed as a source of these methylated compounds in the leachates from waste arsenic, which is supposed to be in major part under inorganic forms. In addition, peralkylation mechanisms of both biomethylation and bioethylation have been suggested to explain the occurrence of the identified volatile species. This combined speciation approach provides a qualitative and quantitative characterization of the potential emissions of arsenic from domestic waste disposal in landfills. This work highlights the possible formation of less harmful organoarsenic species in both leachates and biogases during the waste degradation process.