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1.
Rehabilitating native fish species in the Laurentian Great Lakes and elsewhere remains a challenge for fisheries managers. One factor that often makes rehabilitation a challenge is presumed opposition to rehabilitation programs. We examined the extent and variability in support and opposition for lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) management and proposed rehabilitation activities for the Ontario waters of Lake Huron, principally amongst anglers. Specifically, we compared four common beliefs (hypotheses) that should affect angler opposition to lake trout rehabilitation. Through a questionnaire sent to a random sample of local licensed anglers, we found very high support for lake trout rehabilitation. As hypothesized, this support was lower among a sample of individuals who actively sought opportunities to complete the questionnaire (who were termed the convenience sample). However, even within this convenience sample, about an equal percentage of respondents supported and opposed lake trout rehabilitation. For the sample of local licensed anglers, we found little support for the remaining three hypotheses. Within this sample, very few differences in support for lake trout rehabilitation existed between respondents who did or did not fish Lake Huron, who were or were not participants in past public involvement opportunities for managing Lake Huron's fisheries, and who were and were not knowledgeable about the proposed rehabilitation plan. These results question common beliefs that anglers are unsupportive of lake trout rehabilitation in Lake Huron and that support for rehabilitation varies widely among anglers with different characteristics and experiences. 相似文献
2.
Todd A. Hayden Christopher S. Vandergoot David G. Fielder Steven J. Cooke John M. Dettmers Charles C. Krueger 《Journal of Great Lakes research》2019,45(6):1241-1250
Immigration and emigration of individuals among populations influence population dynamics and are important considerations for managing exploited populations. Lake Huron and Lake Erie walleye (Sander vitreus) populations are managed separately although the interconnecting Huron-Erie Corridor provides an unimpeded passageway. Acoustic telemetry was used to estimate inter-lake exchange and movement within St. Clair River and Detroit River. Of 492 adult walleyes tagged and released during 2011 and 2012, one fish from Tittabawassee River (Lake Huron; 1 of 259, 0.39%) and one individual from Maumee River (Lake Erie; 1 of 233, 0.43%) exchanged lakes during 2011–2014. However, both fish returned to the lake where tagged prior to the next spawning season. The one walleye from Maumee River that moved to Lake Huron made repeated round-trips between Lake Erie and Lake Huron during three consecutive years. Of twelve fish tagged in the Tittabawassee River detected in the Huron-Erie Corridor, few (n = 3) moved south of Lake St. Clair to the Detroit River. Ten walleye tagged in the Maumee River entered the Huron-Erie Corridor, and five were detected in the St. Clair River. Our hypothesis that walleye spawning in Maumee River, Lake Erie, served as a source population to Lake Huron (“sink population”) was not supported by our results. Emigration of walleye to Lake Huron from other populations than the Maumee River, such as those that spawn on in-lake reefs, or from Lake St. Clair may contribute to Lake Huron walleye populations. 相似文献
3.
We used hydroacoustics to characterize temporal dynamics of fish schools in Georgian Bay and the North Channel of Lake Huron from 2000 to 2004. Dramatic changes in fish school numbers and characteristics were observed over the 5-year period. In 2000, fish schools had an average trace length of 18.2 m and an average height of 2.7 m. Between 2000 and 2004, there was then an increase in the distance of schools from bottom and a drop in the number of schools per kilometer of transect, in the number and proportion of benthic schools, and in the depth, length, height, area, and volume of schools. Netting data confirm that there was a reduction in alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) that could explain the declines in the number of schools and the changes in fish school characteristics. There was also evidence that the alewife schools were replaced, to a degree, by lake herring schools in Georgian Bay and rainbow smelt schools in the North Channel. Our work provides an example of how fisheries acoustics can be used to study the spatial and behavioural dynamics of fish schools in the Great Lakes. 相似文献
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Nicole A. Turner Colin Charles Douglas A. Watkinson Eva C. Enders Geoff Klein Michael D. Rennie 《Journal of Great Lakes research》2021,47(3):614-625
Understanding patterns of fish movement in large lake ecosystems is essential for determining appropriate management actions as differences in movement behaviour can influence life history traits such as growth and survival. Lake Winnipeg in Manitoba, Canada supports the 2nd largest walleye (Sander vitreus) commercial fishery in North America. We used mark-recapture models to determine movement and estimate survival of walleye between basins of Lake Winnipeg in historical and contemporary contexts, comparing a tag-recovery study completed historically during 1974–1977 with a contemporary (2017–2019) acoustic telemetry study. Mark-recapture models revealed comparably low but detectable annual transitions between basins from historical (0.3–1.2%) and contemporary datasets (7–8.5%). Historically, fish > 300 mm more frequently moved in a south to north direction. Contemporary estimates suggest similar length-based directionality in that fish > 350 mm were always more likely to move in a south-north direction. Contemporary annual survival derived from mark-recapture models ranged between 27 and 45% and 64.3% when derived from catch curve analysis, while independently derived annual historical survival estimates ranged between 50 and 69% and 45.5% from catch curve analysis. Using the contemporary dataset, we also observed seasonal variation in movement and survival between basins, with the greatest movement across the lake occurring during the fall. Our results demonstrate a persisting pattern of low but measurable movement, suggesting between basin movement is not unusual for Lake Winnipeg. Further, low walleye survival rates reported here for the two time periods studied, support recent management actions to reduce fishing pressure across the lake. 相似文献
6.
Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in Lake Huron consist of wild and hatchery-reared fish distributed among several populations. This study tested whether otolith chemistry can be used to identify the natal origin of Chinook salmon in this system. Concentrations of nine elements (Mg, K, Mn, Fe, Zn, Rb, Sr, Ba, and Pb) in the otoliths of Chinook salmon juveniles from 24 collection sites (17 streams and 7 hatcheries) around Lake Huron were analyzed using laser-ablation inductively-coupled mass spectrometry. Differences in otolith chemistry were found between rearing environments (wild and hatchery), among geological regions (Precambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, and Carboniferous), and among collection sites. Discriminant function analysis showed high classification accuracies of juveniles to their rearing environment (wild versus hatchery, 82%), geological region (84%), and collection site (87%) of origin. With these values, there is excellent potential for otolith chemistry to be used to predict the natal origin of adults, and thus inform research and management of Chinook salmon in Lake Huron. 相似文献
7.
Lisa M. Tomlinson Martin T. Auer Harvey A. Bootsma Emmet M. Owens 《Journal of Great Lakes research》2010
A recent review of the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement has concluded that while controls on phosphorus inputs to Lake Michigan achieved the desired effect in offshore waters, the nearshore region continues to suffer from elevated phosphorus levels. Failure to achieve trophic state goals in the nearshore is manifested in nuisance growth of Cladophora and attendant impacts on property owners, utilities, and the public health and welfare. This study focuses on a site in Lake Michigan near Milwaukee, Wisconsin, where nuisance growth of Cladophora and associated beach fouling occur regularly. A mechanistic model simulating Cladophora growth, suitable for guiding nutrient management in the Great Lakes nearshore, is presented. The model represents an update of the Canale and Auer framework, reflecting current understandings of Cladophora ecology and offering a user-friendly interface making the software more widely available to decision makers. This Great Lakes Cladophora Model (GLCM) is first validated for the Auer/Canale data set collected in 1979 at a site on Lake Huron and then for a data set developed in 2006 for a site on Lake Michigan. Model performance under the strikingly different forcing conditions (depth, light, phosphorus levels) characteristic of these two sites affirms the widespread applicability of the tool. The GLCM is then extended to examine the impacts of ecosystem perturbation (dreissenid colonization) on Cladophora growth and to future approaches to monitoring and management. 相似文献
8.
Erin E. Gnass Giese Robert W. Howe Amy T. Wolf Gerald J. Niemi 《Journal of Great Lakes research》2018,44(5):950-959
Breeding birds and anurans (frogs and toads) in coastal wetlands of Green Bay, Lake Michigan vary dynamically with changing water levels, habitat type, and geography. We describe species assemblages over a seven-year period (2011–2017) beginning with historic low water levels followed by an increase in average lake level of 0.85?m. In general, species richness and abundance of marsh-obligate species responded positively to increasing water levels, although several species of shallow wetlands (sandhill crane, sedge wren, swamp sparrow, and American toad) showed the opposite trend. Anuran assemblages were more diverse in the middle and upper bay, coinciding with a well-established nutrient gradient from the hypereutrophic lower bay to more oligotrophic waters of the upper bay. Three marsh-obligate bird species (black tern, sandhill crane, and sedge wren) were significantly more abundant in the middle or upper bay while sora, American coot, and common gallinule were more abundant in the eutrophic lower bay. Our findings have several important implications for conservation. Inland wetlands near the coast (including diked wetlands) might play a key ecological role by providing refugia for some species during low water years. However, the importance of shallow coastal wetlands and nearshore gradients of wetland habitat might be overlooked during low water years; when high water returns, these areas can become extremely productive and species-rich. 相似文献
9.
To determine types of fungi in the water and associated with the benthic amphipod Diporeia spp., samples were collected at various depths in Lake Michigan in an area where the Diporeia population was in a severe state of decline. No fungi were found associated with living, freshly-dead, or dried Diporeia cultured separately from Lake Michigan water. When dead Diporeia and other organic substrates (snake skin and hemp seeds) were used to grow fungi in Lake Michigan water, a rich and diverse fungal and water mold community was revealed. A total of 31 species were found, with the most common genera being Achlya, Aphanomyces, Myzocytium, and Pythium. In general, species were homogeneously distributed in the water; that is, few differences were found in species richness between nearshore (10–15 m) and offshore (60–80 m) waters, and between near-surface (1 m) and near-bottom waters (1 m off bottom). Sampling occurred during the unstratified period (April and October) to maximize the number of species collected, which may have contributed to the uniform spatial pattern observed. While conclusions must be placed in context with our methods of detection, we found no evidence that a fungal infestation was associated with Diporeia in this region of the lake. 相似文献
10.
Brice K. Grunert Shelby L. Brunner Sajad A. Hamidi Hector R. Bravo J. Val Klump 《Journal of Great Lakes research》2018,44(5):851-863
We present water column thermal structure for two climatically different years: 2012, which experienced abnormally warm spring and summer air temperatures preceded by a relatively low ice winter and 2013, which experienced cooler than average spring and average summer air temperatures and preceded by average ice conditions. Mean bottom water temperatures for the season and during cold water intrusions were significantly warmer in 2012 than 2013 leading to a significantly reduced stratified season in 2012. Cold water intrusions were driven into southern Green Bay by southerly winds while intrusions were terminated when winds switched to persistent northerly winds. 2012 observed a significant increase in northerly winds relative to 2013, decreasing cold water intrusion presence and duration but winds did not fully explain the difference in thermal conditions for southern Green Bay. These cold bottom waters drive stratification in polymictic southern Green Bay while dimictic waters were found to have significantly warmer bottom temperatures during 2012 and a deeper mixed layer. Our observations suggest that relatively shallow (<20?m), seasonally stratified systems may not increase in stratification strength and duration under a warming climate; rather, changing wind climatology and surface heat flux can inform the degree to which the mixing regime can be expected to change and impact stratification and thermal structure of coastal systems. We discuss the biogeochemical implications of different thermal regimes, particularly within the context of multiple drivers of physical water column structure in eutrophic, stratified coastal systems. 相似文献
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Colonial waterbirds are an important component of Great Lakes ecosystems. In order to investigate the role these birds play in an aquatic food web, bioenergetics models, using allometric equations, were applied to breeding double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) and their offspring in the Beaver Archipelago, northern Lake Michigan. These models were parameterized using detailed information collected during the 2000 and 2001 breeding seasons, as well as literature values. Each breeding season was divided into stages in the models to reflect changes in cormorant diet and population size documented in the study area. The models estimated the total prey biomass consumed as 1,445 metric tonnes (mt) of prey in 2000, and 1,585 mt of prey in 2001. Each year, the majority of the prey biomass was alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus), with these fish comprising a greater percentage of prey biomass consumed in 2001. An increase in cormorant reproductive success in 2001 may be linked to this increase in alewife biomass consumed; the breeding bird population size, however, declined in 2001 as compared to 2000. The other prey items, which are not considered to be species of commercial or sport value, were also important contributors to bird diet and consumption of these species did tend to vary from year-toyear. Overall, the application of bioenergetics models allows for greater understanding of the role of cormorants as predators and as energy links in the system. 相似文献
13.
Kelly F. Robinson Peter J. Alsip Andrew R. Drake Yu-Chun Kao Marten A. Koops Doran M. Mason Edward S. Rutherford Hongyan Zhang 《Journal of Great Lakes research》2021,47(1):83-95
Bioenergetics and food web models are tools available for understanding and projecting the impacts of aquatic species invasions on food web structure and energy allocation of an ecosystem. However, uncertainty is inherent in modeling the impact of invasive species in novel ecosystems as assumptions must be made about physiological responses to novel environments and interactions with existing (native and non-native) species. Here we use the four major Chinese carps (FMCC) in the Laurentian Great Lakes as a case study to categorize and describe the suite of uncertainties inherent in projecting the impact of invasive species with bioenergetics and food web models. We approach this case study in a decision analytic framework, describing structural uncertainties, environmental variation, partial observability, partial controllability, and linguistic uncertainty. Finally, we review and give suggestions for how the use of methods including adaptive management, scenario planning, sensitivity analyses, and value of information as well as efforts to ensure clarity in language and model structure can enable modelers and managers to reduce and account for key uncertainties and make better decisions for the control of invasive species. 相似文献
14.
Lori N. Ivan Edward S. Rutherford Catherine Riseng Jeffrey A. Tyler 《Journal of Great Lakes research》2010
Walleye (Sander vitreus) is an important sport fish in the Great Lakes that is experiencing low reproductive success after severe population declines starting in the late 1940s. In the Muskegon River, Michigan, natural reproduction of walleyes remains low and is largely supplemented by stocking. To determine factors influencing walleye reproductive success in the Muskegon River, we estimated walleye egg survival using insitu egg incubators covered with nitex screening (2003–2004) and estimated density and survival of fertilized eggs caught on furnace filter traps across different substrate types (2005–2006). We compared physical habitat suitability for walleye eggs under high and low flow scenarios. Density of walleye eggs was highest in regions of gravel/cobble substrates. Egg survival was higher in egg incubators (24–49.5%) than on furnace filter traps (2.0%), suggesting predation is an important source of walleye egg mortality in the Muskegon River. Cold water temperatures that extended developmental stage durations may also be an important source of egg mortality. The dynamic habitat suitability model predicted low suitability for eggs due to poor temperature and velocity conditions. Despite low egg survival rates, 40 million to 1 billion eggs were estimated to hatch. The low natural reproduction of walleyes in the Muskegon River is likely due to a combination of low walleye egg survival and failure of walleye larvae to reach their nursery grounds in Muskegon Lake. 相似文献
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Emily N. Hulley Natalie D.J. Taylor Andrew M. Zarnke Christopher M. Somers Richard G. Manzon Joanna Y. Wilson Douglas R. Boreham 《Journal of Great Lakes research》2018,44(5):1110-1116
The Great Lakes provide habitat to over 160 species of freshwater fish, many of which are ecologically and economically important. Concern for management and conservation of declining fish populations makes it important that accurate identification techniques are used for environmental monitoring programs. DNA barcoding may be an effective alternative to morphological identification for industrial monitoring programs of larval and embryonic fish, but comparisons of the two approaches with species from the Great Lakes are limited. It may be particularly important to examine this issue in the Great Lakes because a relatively young group of post-glacial fish species are present which may be difficult to resolve using morphology or genetics. Six hundred and fifty seven larval fish were identified from Lake Huron (Ontario, Canada), using morphology and DNA barcoding. DNA barcoding was used to identify 103 embryos that morphology could not identify. Morphological identification and DNA barcoding had a percent similarity of 76.9%, 96.6% and 96.6% at the species, genus, and family levels, respectively. Thirty-seven specimens were damaged and unidentifiable using morphology; 35 of these were successfully identified using DNA barcoding. However, 23 other specimens produced no PCR product for barcoding using 2 different primer sets. Discrepancies between morphology and DNA barcoding were driven by two major factors: inability of cytochrome oxidase I to resolve members of the genus Coregonus and limited resolution of morphological features for Catostomus. Both methods have pros and cons; however, DNA barcoding is more cost-effective and efficient for industrial monitoring programs. 相似文献
17.
Manayunkia speciosa has been a taxonomic curiosity for 150 years with little interest until 1977 when it was identified as an intermediate host of a fish parasite (Ceratomyxa shasta) responsible for fish mortalities (e.g., chinook salmon). Manayunkia was first reported in the Great Lakes in 1929. Since its discovery, the taxon has been reported in 50% (20 of 40 studies) of benthos studies published between 1960 and 2007. When found, Manayunkia comprised < 1% of benthos in 70% of examined studies. In one extensive study, Manayunkia occurred in only 26% of 378 sampled events (1991–2009). The taxon was found at higher densities in one area of Lake Erie (mean = 3658/m2) and Georgian Bay (1790/m2) than in five other areas (mean = 60 to 553/m2) of the lakes. A 70-year history of Manayunkia in western Lake Erie indicates it was not found in 1930, was most abundant in 1961 (mean = 8039, maximum = 67,748/m2), and decreased in successive periods of 1982 (3529, 49,639/m2), 1993 (1876, 25,332/m2), and 2003 (79, 2583/m2). It occurred at 48% of stations in 1961, 58% in 1982, 52% in 1993, and 6% of stations in 2003. In all years, Manayunkia was distributed primarily near the mouth of the Detroit River. Causes for declines in distribution and abundance are unknown, but may be related to pollution-abatement programs that began in the 1970s, and invasion of dreissenid mussels in the late-1980s which contributed to de-eutrophication of western Lake Erie. At present, importance of the long-term decline of Manayunkia in Lake Erie is unknown. 相似文献
18.
Matthew T. Martens Alexander J. Wall Greg G. Pyle Blair A. Wasylenko William A. Dew Robert H. Devlin Paul J. Blanchfield 《Journal of Great Lakes research》2014
Selective breeding of salmonid fishes for the purpose of commercial aquaculture has resulted in domesticated strains possessing a divergent physiological and behavioral phenotype from that of wild conspecifics. Freshwater production of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) has been occurring in regions of Lake Huron, Canada, for decades yet the growth and performance of domestic (aquaculture) versus wild (naturalized) strains are poorly understood. We conducted two trials to examine growth differences between size-matched wild and domestic strains of juvenile rainbow trout: (1) reared separately and fed to satiation; and (2) reared together and fed a reduced ration to induce competition. Additionally, we used bioenergetics models to assess strain-specific growth rates across a range of water temperatures (5, 10, 15 and 18 °C) as well as Lake Huron temperatures during the open-water season. Domestic rainbow trout showed a growth advantage throughout the 102 d trials, and by the end of the study had achieved a mass > two-fold that of the wild strain and had greater fork length, condition, and thermal growth coefficient (TGC) under both treatments. Rapid growth of domestic strain fish was achieved through the combination of enhanced feed consumption (by ~ 40%) and feeding efficiency (up to 60% lower feed conversion ratio) relative to wild fish. Divergence in growth rates between strains was most pronounced (> 3 ×) when modeled with Lake Huron open-water temperatures. We demonstrate that the growth and feed-conversion efficiency differ significantly between these two strains of rainbow trout under laboratory conditions, suggesting that differences could be even greater in nature. 相似文献
19.
Little is known about the ecology of round goby (Neogobius melanostomus), an invasive benthic fish, in the profundal zone of the Great Lakes. In April 2002–2005 we caught increasing numbers of round gobies with a bottom trawl in the 45–150 m depth range of southwestern Lake Ontario. In 2005, we examined gut contents of 30 round gobies from each of three depths, 55, 95, and 130 m, and qualitatively compared gut contents with density of benthic invertebrates determined by Ponar grabs. Round goby guts contained mostly Dreissena spp. and opposum shrimp, Mysis relicta (Mysis); the frequency of occurrence of dreissenids in guts decreased with depth, whereas the frequency of occurrence of Mysis in guts increased with depth. Abundance of these invertebrates in the environment followed the same pattern, although dreissenids of optimum edible size (3–12 mm) were still abundant (1,373/m2) at 130 m, where round gobies primarily consumed Mysis, suggesting that round gobies may switch from dreissenids to more profitable prey when it is available. Other food items were ostracods and fish, with ostracods generally eaten by smaller round gobies and fish eaten by larger round gobies. Occurrence and increasing abundance of round gobies in the profundal zone and predation on Mysis by round goby could have far-reaching consequences for the Lake Ontario fish community. 相似文献
20.
Samantha Stefanoff Richard J. Vogt Todd Howell Sapna Sharma 《Journal of Great Lakes research》2018,44(3):447-457
Resurgence of nuisance benthic algae in the Great Lakes, despite substantial efforts to reduce phosphorus loading, has stimulated renewed interest in exploring the diverse drivers of near-shore water quality. Interestingly, broad similarity in the underlying causes of shore fouling by benthic algae in Lakes Ontario, Erie, and Michigan appear to contrast with Lake Huron where system productivity and dreissenid abundance are lower. While total phosphorus was the primary predictor of chlorophyll concentrations (70–90% of variation) in the water column, we identified a series of spatial patterns that underpin this relationship (up to 28% of variation) and which integrate catchment processes, tributary influences, shoreline complexity, and distance from shore. Dreissenid mussels were the most important predictors of benthic algae cover and biomass in our models, explaining between 20 and 52% of variation. Spatial patterns explained an additional 21–48% of the variation in benthic algae cover and biomass and highlight the importance of site-specific spatial heterogeneity in benthic algae growth. Our results are consistent with the nearshore shunt hypothesis, wherein higher algal cover and biomass coincided with higher mussel density and biomass, although correlative effects with lake depth and loss of algal and mussel biomass due to physical disturbance must also be considered. These results underscore the difficulty associated with identifying the potential drivers of nearshore water quality as the diverse processes of nutrient loading, changes in catchment land use, and ecosystem change associated with invasion by dreissenids all vary in relative influence over a range of spatial scales. 相似文献