热轧及冷轧工艺对WY08Al钢渗碳体超标的影响

描述了武钢冷轧厂罩式退火内钢卷的温度分布和渗碳体级别变化规律，分析了不同退火温度条件下的渗碳体形貌和尺寸。结果表明，在罩式退火炉里钢卷外圈保温时间和退火温度均匀超过了钢卷内圈，钢卷外圈较内圈容易产生超标渗碳体     

罩式退火钢卷温度场及应力场数值模拟

温度和热应力是罩式退火过程中的两个重要参数。分别采用有限差分法和有限元法建立了钢卷退火过程中温度场及应力场计算模型，从理论上定量研究退火钢卷温度和热应力变化过程，并与实测温度曲线进行比较，得出退火过程各阶段钢卷温度和热应力分布规律，对冷轧钢卷罩式退火工艺优化具有指导意义。     

退火方式对含磷高强IF钢FeTiP析出及二次加工脆性的影响

通过同炉钢相同工艺工业试制获得冷轧卷,经过罩式退火和连续退火生产含磷高强IF钢退火卷,研究了2种退火方式对含磷高强IF钢FeTiP析出及二次加工脆性的影响。利用低温落锤冲击试验机、TEM和析出物萃取定量分析法等手段分别对2种退火卷进行二次加工脆性转变温度及析出物表征分析研究。结果表明：连续退火和罩式退火生产卷FeTiP析出相主要集中在100 nm以下,罩式退火时间较长,罩式退火生产卷的FeTiP析出相数量是连续退火卷的2倍以上;根据定量分析法检测含磷析出相总量结果,结合热力学和动力学分析,P在晶界处的富集程度由最大偏聚系数和有效扩散距离决定,罩式退火卷P在铁素体晶界处偏聚远远大于连续退火卷,连续退火可得到比罩式退火更低的二次加工脆性转变温度的含磷高强IF钢。     

全氢煤气罩式炉介绍及其退火均匀性研究

全氢煤气罩式炉是目前世界上用于不锈钢退火的最为先进的工业炉，与传统罩式炉相比其具有许多优点。根据其炉体结构，分析了退火过程中存在的钢卷内外圈温度不均匀现象，并制定了相关应对措施，保证了钢卷退火后的性能一致。     

罩式退火带钢粘结缺陷的产生原因及控制措施

结合唐钢近期生产中发生钢卷粘结的缺陷。对带钢退火时粘结产生的机理和影响钢卷粘结的因素作了详细分析，并提出了相应的控制措施，有效地控制了粘结缺陷的产生。     

罩式退火炉内热过程模拟与控制

以冷轧钢卷罩式退火炉为研究对象,以能量平衡和热传导方程为基本方程,实现了钢卷在炉内退火热处理全过程的模型化与热工过程自动控制软件的编制. 钢卷径向等效导热系数和钢卷缝隙准数概念的引用,解决了不同松紧程度钢卷的传热问题. 通过对加热、保温和冷却过程的模拟及对升温速度、保温温度和降温速度的精确控制,满足了冷轧钢卷在罩式炉内进行退火热处理的生产工艺要求.     

冷轧国产罩式炉加热控制技术应用及改进

1 简介 冷轧罩式炉是整个冷轧工艺环节中非常重要的一个部分，主要是将酸轧生产的冷硬卷经过退火处理，达到降低钢卷硬度和强度，提高钢卷可塑性和韧性的目的。其中在退火周期中的加热阶段的加热控制技术直接影响产品成材率。     

罩式炉退火钢卷氧化色产生原因与防止举措探索

罩式炉之所以开展结晶工艺之后,再进行退火工艺,主要就是让已经完成冷轧工艺之后的钢卷,进行二次结晶并重新实现光亮退火,尽最大程度符合用户针对钢卷的力学性能在不同方面提出的需求。但目前,由于退火钢卷出现氧化色,从而无法更好的满足用户提出的各项需求。文章主要针对罩式炉退火钢卷出现氧化色的原因进行分析,然后基于此,提出了一系列防止氧化色产生的措施,以供参考。     

罩式炉退火工艺的最佳控制

对冷轧板质量以及对设备生产率要求的不断提高，迫使冷轧板生产厂家对生产流程进行越来越严格的控制。１９８８年底在阿尔贝德公司确立的罩式炉退火工艺，特别是强对流退火工艺的研究项目，其目的也就在于在缩短退火时间的同时，提高带钢质量，减少保护气体和能源的消耗，以及为用来加工库存钢卷的退火设备开发出一种最佳的控制规则。本文对此进行了介绍。     

冷轧钢卷产生粘结的机理及控制措施

通过对冷轧厂罩炉退火时钢卷产生的为粘结缺陷的分析，探讨了粘结产生的机理，通过对其主要影响因素（退火工艺条件，带钢表面粗糙度和清洁度，卷取张力，板形，平整工艺）的研究，到了粘结的控制措施。     

热轧钢卷强制冷却中的应力腐蚀分析

阐述了应力腐蚀和冲刷腐蚀机理，提出了适用于热轧钢卷强制冷却过程出现的应力腐蚀现象的滑移－－锈蚀理论，可以很好地解释热轧钢卷冷却后出现的腐蚀缺陷，采用ANSYS有限元分析热轧钢卷强制冷却过程的热应力状态，说明在腐蚀缺缺陷区域存在100MPa以上的拉应力，诱发了热轧钢卷的应力腐蚀。     

冷轧带钢卷取过程内应力的逐层增量求解

 带钢卷取过程由于张力的作用会在钢卷内部产生内应力,内应力的大小和分布直接影响轧后钢卷塌卷和内凸等缺陷的产生。考虑钢卷径向和周向弹性模量的差异,以及径向弹性模量的非线性,根据平面轴对称弹性理论,推导带钢卷取过程中内应力的逐层增量求解方程,引入相应的边界条件得到了卷取任意层数时钢卷内每一层带钢径向应力增量和位移增量方程组。基于逐层增量求解方法研究了带钢厚度、卷取张力、卸卷对卷筒压力和钢卷内应力分布的影响,并与试验结果进行了比较,验证了提出方法的正确性。     

Constraint Cooling of Hot Rolled Coil

The layer thermal conductivity during constraint cooling of hot rolled coil was dcscribed by using equivalent thermal conductivity model and finite element method. Two radial stress concentration zones in constraint cooled coil were shown by numerical analysis, and the tension stress was assumed to be the main factor to induce stress corrosion. The experimental results show that the longer the water cooling time is, the smaller the grain size and the more uniform the grains are.     

Stress–Strain State of Coiled Steel

In a new mathematical model of the stress–strain state of steel strip in the course of cooling, the nonplanarity, surface roughness, and transverse thickness variation (convexity of the cross section) are taken into account. The stress–strain state of a coil of thin steel sheet has a significant influence on factors such as the temperature distribution in the coil; the scale formation on cooling in the course of hot rolling; the adhesion of adjacent turns in the annealing of cold-rolled strip; and the shape of the coil itself. The mathematical model is based on representation of the coil as individual nested hollow cylinders of finite length. The cylinders are divided into sections over the width. The sum of solutions of the Lame equation for individual sections is shown to converge to the solution for the cylinder as a whole. The model permits calculation of the coil’s stress–strain state, taking account of gap formation between adjacent turns as a result of the transverse variation in strip thickness. The modeling results show how the radial and tangential stress formed in strip winding is distributed within the coil. The model permits calculation of the stress–strain state of the coil in the winding of even strip; in the winding of convex even strip with no tension; in the loose winding of convex even strip with tension less than that in tight winding; in tight winding of even convex strip with the correct tension; and in the winding of convex uneven strip without tension. The decrease in distance between contacting rough surfaces is calculated on the basis of a probabilistic approach. An algorithm is presented for calculation of the coil’s stress–strain state. The result obtained for the stress distribution in the coil is typical for the winding of steel strip. The model is verified for the winding of hot-rolled strip, in terms of the size of the region with tight contact of adjacent turns. The tightness of contact is assessed on the basis of the temper color on the edges of the hot-rolled strip. The discrepancy between the calculated and measured size of the region with tight contact is 3%.     

汽车螺旋悬挂弹簧用钢的发展动向

介绍了轿车螺旋悬挂弹簧的减重要求和弹簧设计应力的变化，提出了弹簧钢高应力化的主要途径，并介绍了国内外高强度弹簧钢的研究和开发情况，与工业发达国家不断推出新工艺和新钢种相比，我国弹簧钢的研究和开发水平还存在较大的差距。     

Stresses from flexure in composite helical implantable leads

This study presents a theoretical model of the general stress state found in helical implantable leads in bending. The model accurately predicts stress in large filarity coils made from clad wire. The stress is predicted using flexural rigidity of the coil and is developed to include the effects of coil pitch and the relative amounts and composition of the coil materials. The results is verified using finite element models of coils made from MP35N wire and MP35N clad silver wire. The resulting model will be especially useful for the fatigue analysis and engineering design of implantable leads which are built in this manner.     

冷轧钢卷卷取过程内部应力三维分布的研究

冷轧钢卷卷取过程中,带材的板形与板凸度以及卷取张力的横向分布决定钢卷内部的应力分布。同时,带材与卷筒之间、带材与带材之间的摩 擦力对应力分布的影响不可忽略。此外,由于层间接触表面缝隙的存在,钢卷必须按各向性体处理。基于上述因素,提出了一套新的三维数学模型,以计算钢卷内部应力分布,并根据降低钢卷在罩式退火粘经率的要求,研究了钢卷的卷取张力制度。     

考虑成卷-展平过程的冷弯残余应力分析

 从不考虑材料冷作硬化（理想弹塑性体）与考虑冷作硬化（双线性随动硬化）两个方面对带坯在成卷、开卷、展平、塑性弯曲及回弹过程中产生的应力进行了解析分析,获得了冷弯残余应力沿厚度方向上的分布,随后对比研究了考虑硬化与不考虑硬化对冷弯残余应力分布的影响,并将理论计算结果与实测残余应力进行了对比。结果表明,理想弹塑性模型和硬化模型预测的残余应力分布形式几乎一致;成卷上存在屈服时,纵向残余应力由内外表面向板厚中心方向呈非线性分布（成卷上无屈服时呈线性分布）,横向残余应力呈近似线性分布;在变形外区主要为残余拉应力（横向残余应力在外侧有极小部分受压区）,内区主要为残余压应力（横向残余应力在内侧有极小部分受拉区）;横、纵向残余应力最大值均在中性层位置;研究结果与试验测量结果基本一致。     

Stress analysis model of strip winding system with a sleeve for a coil of thin stainless steel

In a strip winding process, the sleeve is a hollow cylinder that is mounted between a strip coil and a man-drel to maintain uniform coil shape when the strip coil is very thin, but its deformation behavior has not been investigated before.Thus, a finite element (FE) model was presented to calculate the stress distribu-tion in a sleeve and strip coil when 1-3 mm-thick stainless steel was wound around the sleeve.The FE model was developed by extending a previous model by adding a sleeve between the mandrel and strip, and by modifying the boundary and interaction conditions.The strip winding process was divided into an initial process and a steady-state process.During the initial process, the minimum and maximum pressure re-quired on the belt wrapper to maintain coil shape by self-friction of the strip was calculated by the FE model when the belt wrapper is ejected at the end of the initial process.After the initial process, an ana-lytical model of the steady-state process was established to calculate the stress distribution and was com-pared with the FE model to validate it.The suggested analytical model took 1 1 s to give the same stress distribution that the FE model took 30 d to produce.     

极薄镀锌基板的塌芯缺陷及对策

针对极薄镀锌基板开发中出现的塌芯缺陷,通过分析下线钢卷层间的受力和形变,得出带钢层间环向均匀分布的径向压力大于局部薄弱部位的屈服强度是此缺陷产生的根本原因。通过降低设定卷取张力、增加带钢层间摩擦系数、降低轧制温度、精心操作、优化启车张力制度等综合措施,减小了层间径向压力,增大了钢卷失稳临界压力,使塌芯缺陷得到有效控制。