贵州大方县骂陇村高岭土的理化及工艺性能研究

从矿山采集具有代表性的高岭土样品,球磨并过80目筛备用。利用X射线荧光光谱仪(XRF)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、综合热分析仪(DTA-TG)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对高岭土的化学成分、矿物组成、理化性质和微观形貌进行了表征,并详细考察了其多项工艺性能指标。研究结果表明:该高岭土样品的主要矿物组成为高岭石(61.59wt%)、多水高岭石(12.86wt%)和三水铝石(23.63wt%),其中高岭石与多水高岭石呈典型的六方管状结构,而三水铝石呈假六方片状结构。该矿物原料可塑性良好、阳离子交换容量值很小、流动性和触变性较小、干燥收缩很小、干燥强度较大。由于该矿物中碱金属和碱土金属氧化物含量均较低,因此烧结温度较高(>1350℃),并且其含有相对较高的Fe2O3(1.19wt%),导致样品的烧成白度不高,1250℃下烧成的白度仅为46.84%。     

贵州大方县联兴村粘土的理化及工艺性能

利用X射线荧光光谱仪(XRF)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、综合热分析仪(DTA-TG)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对贵州省大方县联兴村粘土的化学成分、矿物组成、理化性质和微观形貌进行了分析表征,并详细测试了其多项工艺性能指标。得出该粘土的主要矿物组成为伊利石(47.2wt%)、石英(50.8wt%)和锐钛矿(1.2wt%),呈典型的片层状结构。该矿物原料可塑性低、阳离子交换容量低、流动性较小、触变性较大、干燥收缩小、干燥强度较大。粘土矿物中碱金属和碱土金属总含量不高(3.57wt%),且Al2O3含量较低(14.84wt%),因此烧结温度不高(烧结温度范围为1200℃~1250℃),并且其含有较多的Fe2O3(1.16wt%)和TiO2(0.67wt%),导致烧成白度很低,1250℃下烧成白度仅为23.04%。     

毕节市兴丰村高岭土的理化及工艺性能研究

从矿山采集具有代表性的高岭土,精选后球磨并过80目筛备用。利用X射线荧光光谱仪（XRF）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）、综合热分析仪（DTA-TG）、场发射扫描电子显微镜（FE-SEM）和透射电子显微镜（TEM）对高岭土的化学成分、矿物组成、理化性质和微观形貌进行了表征,并详细考察了其多项工艺性能指标。研究结果表明:该高岭土的主要矿物组成为高岭石（83.23wt%）和埃洛石（15.93wt%）,属粘土类矿物,其中高岭石呈典型的片层状结构,埃洛石呈六方管状结构。该矿物原料可塑性非常好,阳离子交换容量值较小,流动性和触变性较小,干燥收缩较大,干燥强度较大。由于该矿物中碱金属和碱土金属氧化物含量均较低,因此烧结温度较高（烧结温度高于1350℃）,并且其含有少量的Fe₂O₃（0.49wt%）和Cr₂O₃（0.20wt%）,导致烧成（1250℃）白度不高,为64.5%。     

贵州大方县中路村绿豆岩的理化及工艺性能研究

从矿山采集具有代表性的绿豆岩,球磨并过80目筛备用。利用X射线荧光光谱仪(XRF)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、综合热分析仪(DTA-TG)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对绿豆岩的化学成分、矿物组成、理化性质和微观形貌进行了表征,并详细考察了其多项工艺性能指标。研究结果表明:该绿豆岩的主要矿物组成为伊利石(58.51%)、蒙脱石(10.72%)和石英(30.07%),属粘土类矿物,呈典型的片层状结构。该矿物原料可塑性良好、阳离子交换容量值较高、流动性较小、触变性较大、干燥收缩很小、干燥强度较大。由于该矿物中含有较高的K2O(8.46wt%)和MgO(6.01wt%),因此烧结温度较低(烧结温度范围为900～950℃),并且其含有相对较高的Fe2O3(1.66%wt)和TiO2(0.23wt%),导致烧成白度低,仅为16.17%。     

贵州毕节永安碗厂粘土的理化及工艺性能研究

从矿山采集具有代表性的粘土,球磨并过80目筛备用.利用X射线荧光光谱仪(XRF)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、综合热分析仪(DTA-TG)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对粘土的化学成份、矿物组成、理化性质和微观形貌进行了表征,并详细考察了其多项工艺性能指标.研究结果表明:该粘士的主要矿物组成为伊利石(9.49 wt％)、累托石(45.36 wt％)和石英(43.68 wt％),呈典型的片状结构.该矿物原料可塑性良好、阳离子交换容量低、流动性较小、触变性较大、干燥收缩较大、干燥强度较低.由于该粘土矿物中碱金属和碱土金属总含量不高(4.25 wt％),因此烧结温度较高(烧结温度范围为1250～ 1300℃).该粘土矿物中Fe2 O3(0.72 wt％)和TiO2(0.27 wt％)总体含量不高,因此具有较高的烧成白度,1250℃下烧成的白度值为50.59％.     

贵州毕节毛家屯粘土的理化及工艺性能研究

从矿山采集具有代表性的粘土,球磨并过80目筛备用.利用X射线荧光光谱仪(XRF)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、综合热分析仪(DTA-TG)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对粘土的化学成分、矿物组成、理化性质和微观形貌进行了表征,并详细考察了其多项工艺性能指标.研究结果表明:该粘土的主要矿物组成为高岭石(32.17wt.％)、伊利石(49.03wt.％)、蒙脱石(8.53wt％)、石英(6.72wt.％)和锐钛矿(3.36wt.％),呈典型的片层状结构.该矿物原料可塑性非常好,阳离子交换容量很高,流动性较小,触变性较大,干燥收缩很大,干燥强度较低.由于该粘土矿物中碱金属和碱土金属总含量不高(4.02wt％),因此烧结温度较高(烧结温度范围为1250℃ ～1300℃),并且其含有较多的Fe2O3(1.34wt.％)和TiO2 (3.36wt.％),导致烧成(1250℃)白度较低,仅为34.84％.     

贵州毕节金银山粘土的理化及工艺性能研究

从矿山采集具有代表性的粘土,球磨并过80目筛备用.利用X射线荧光光谱仪(XRF)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、综合热分析仪(DTA-TG)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对粘土的化学成分、矿物组成、理化性质和微观形貌进行了表征,并详细考察了其多项工艺性能指标.研究结果表明:该粘土的主要矿物组成为白云母(27.69wt％)、高岭石(33.12wt％)、石英(35.31wt％)和板钛矿(0.91wt％),呈典型的片状结构.该矿物原料可塑性非常好、阳离子交换容量低、流动性较大、触变性较小、干燥收缩很小、干燥强度较大.由于该粘土矿物中碱金属和碱土金属总含量不高(4.73wt％),因此烧结温度较高(烧结温度范围为1250℃～1300℃),并且其含有较多的Fe2O3(1.22wt％)和TiO2 (0.90wt％),导致烧成(1250℃)白度较低,仅为41.12％.     

丰顺九龙高岭土工艺性质及出口瓷泥的研究

测定了九龙高岭土的可塑性、化学组成、粒度及其分布、白度等 ,并且做了X—射线和透射电子显微镜分析。测定结果表明 :九龙高岭土的主要矿物组成为高岭石、石英和伊利石 ,其晶体形貌一部分呈假六角片状 ,一部分呈不规则片状 ,少部分为粒状。在出口瓷泥中 ,加入了 12 %的可塑粘土。     

常宁市五冲高岭土矿理化性能研究

采用化学常规分析、X射线衍射、扫描电镜、热分析以及一系列物性测试手段对常宁市五冲高岭土矿样品的物质成分及工艺性能进行了系统的研究。结果表明:常宁高岭土主要衍射峰有高岭石、白云母、微斜长石和石英;SEM图片可以明显观察到风化很好的片状高岭土以及少量管状晶体结构的高岭土;常宁高岭土白度,可塑水和可塑性指数均较高,干燥收缩率和烧成收缩均较小。可以作为日用陶瓷和建筑卫生陶瓷的主要原料。     

组分对硅酸锌结晶釉的影响

以石英、钠长石、高岭土、石灰石、煅烧氧化锌为主要原料制备硅酸锌结晶釉。主要研究ZnO与Co对结晶釉的影响。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)分析样品物相,扫描电镜(SEM)观察样品形貌,白度色差计测量釉料色度。实验结果表明:ZnO含量为24 wt%时,硅酸锌结晶釉中形成的晶花最大;Co~(2+)会置换Zn_2SiO_4结晶釉中Zn~(2+),并且随着Co含量的增加,白度色度仪的b*值一直在减小,当Co_2O_3含量为7 wt%时,蓝色最深,着色能力最强。当Co_2O_3的含达到9 wt%时,釉面出现紫红色晶体。     

枧田瓷石化学与矿物组成及其工艺性能研究

本文研究了枧田瓷石的化学与矿物组成及其工艺性能。利用XRF、XRD和FT—IR测试手段确定了瓷石的化学与矿物组成,结果表明：枧田瓷石由石英、高岭土、白云母和钠长石组成,其含量分别为56wt％、24wt％、13wt％和7wt％。采用DTA—TG和XRD分析瓷石的热分解过程,结果发现,白云母和高岭土发生了热分解,石英出现了晶型转变。1300℃煅烧后只存在石英和莫来石晶相,并且工艺实验表明其白度高达51,烧成收缩为4．9％,吸水率为0．14％,显气孔率为0.18％。     

Study of clay's mineralogy effect on mechanical properties of ceramic body using an experimental design

Three clays minerals namely illite (I), montmorillonite (M), and kaolin (K) were chosen as references to study the effect of mixture composition of clays on the mechanical properties and the shrinkage of the fired ceramic. The study was accomplished using the experimental design methodology. More specifically, a mixture design was carried out in order to establish relationships between mechanical strength and shrinkage of finished products and the proportions of the three clay mineral references in the mixture. The statistical study shows that the fitted models were adequate to describe these properties of fired ceramic bodies. The results demonstrate that the mechanical resistance was mainly governed by the amount of montmorillonite mineral. In fact, the mixture design performed in this study shows clearly that montmorillonite can be incorporated in industrial ceramic products up to 45 wt% with high mechanical resistance. On the other hand, the shrinkage decreases strongly with the amount of kaolin in the mixture and increases with the amount of illite while montmorillonite exhibits moderate effect on this property. The higher strength was shown in mixture in which mullite and anorthite appear together due to the presence of kaolinite and illite and give, as a consequence, a synergic power.     

Natural rectorite mineral: A promising substitute of kaolin for in‐situ synthesis of fluid catalytic cracking catalysts

Fabrication of high‐performance fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalysts is suffering from the shortage of high‐quality kaolin that has long been used as matrix or starting material for synthesizing FCC catalysts. This work aimed at exploring the potential of rectorite, a natural aluminosilicate mineral, to substitute kaolin for preparing FCC catalysts through in‐situ synthesis technique. The physicochemical properties of a rectorite mineral, including its chemical composition, structure, thermal behavior, and chemical reactivity, were systemically investigated and compared with those of commercial kaolin. The results showed that the rectorite mineral suitably treated could substitute kaolin for synthesizing FCC catalysts. Moreover, we had shown that a hydrothermally stable ZSM‐5/rectorite composite in which ZSM‐5 crystals of ca. 2 μm in size were overgrown on preformed rectorite substrate could be synthesized using the rectorite mineral calcined at 800°C as raw material. When used as FCC additive, the obtained ZSM‐5/rectorite composite demonstrated enhanced light olefin (ethylene and propylene) yields. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010     

Enhanced gas barrier and mechanical properties in organoclay reinforced multi-layer poly(amide-imide) nanocomposite film

Multifunctional single and triple-layer films exhibiting flexibility, enhanced modulus and gas barrier properties were developed using a soluble polyamide-imide (PAI) in dimethylacetamide (DMAc) with ammonium-modified montmorillonite (MMT, Cloisite 30B) mineral clay. The drying behavior and associated anisotropy development were determined real-time, using a newly developed real-time measurement system. Out-of-plane birefringence development takes place earlier for thinner neat samples caused primarily by increased depletion rate of solvent. Addition of organoclay content resulted in a decrease in evaporation rate of solvent due to planar orientation of well exfoliated nanoplatelets as shown by TEM images and WAXS. This is in agreement with the out-of-plane anisotropy development observed during drying. Beyond a critical solid wt%, out-of-plane birefringence started to increase earlier with organoclay addition. In the case of multi-layer organoclay reinforced PAI films, the drying behavior of each individual layer was tracked and a complementary drying model is proposed. Planar orientation of nanoplatelets resulted in high helium-barrier properties.     

Steam Dewatering of Filter Cakes in a Vertical Filter Press

Steam dewatering of filter cakes is recognized as a competitive alternative to conventional air drying and thermally assisted mechanical dewatering (TAMD). The main benefit of cake dewatering with high-pressure steam is that mechanical and thermal dewatering can be efficiently performed in a single process step. The target of this study was to determine the potential of a steam-dewatering technique for two industrial mineral suspensions. The first mineral, kaolin, was very difficult to dewater using conventional mechanical dewatering techniques, whereas the second one, ground calcium carbonate (GCC), represented only moderate resistance to filtration. The secondary objective was to compare the filterability of the original kaolin slurry with the same slurry treated with a coagulant (aluminum sulphate, Al₂(SO₄)₃ · 16H₂O). Four different kinds of experiments were performed: tests without any kind of cake dewatering, tests with air drying, tests with steam drying, and tests with both coagulation and steam drying. The obtained results show that steam dewatering is an efficient technique for achieving lower cake-moisture contents. Also, the positive influence of coagulation on the filtration capacity was found to be considerable in the case of kaolin. An approximate energy balance was created for the steam-drying process and the determined energy efficiencies were compared with those obtainable with an ideal thermal drier. The main conclusion from these comparisons is that steam drying can be effectively used instead of traditional thermal drying if the large energy losses can be reduced by proper insulation and heat recovery systems.     

改性矿物填料增强橡胶/聚氯乙烯共混体系

研究了橡胶、增塑剂、矿物填料和表面处理剂对橡胶／聚氯乙烯(PVC)共混物力学性能的影响,用扫描电镜分析了有机胺类表面处理剂改性高岭土／丁腈橡胶(NBR)／PVC的界面结合状况。结果表明,当NBR用量为30份,邻苯二甲酸二辛酯用量为60份,有机胺类表面处理剂质量分数为3％,填充60份的超细碳酸钙或高岭土或牌号为SMF的蒙脱土时,可得到力学性能较佳的NBR／PVC共混物;不同矿物填料对NBR／PVC共混物的增强作用不同,经有机胺类表面处理剂改性后,以超细碳酸钙、高岭土和蒙脱土SMF的增强效果最为明显。