有机保温材料的燃烧性能试验研究

本文论述了我国目前对保温材料进行燃烧性能试验的方法,并通过对聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料(包括EPS和XPS)、硬泡聚氨酯(PU)的锥型量热计试验和燃烧竖炉试验得出如下结论:不同的保护面层厚度对有机保温材料的保护作用是不同的,保护面层越厚,试件整体的抗火能力越强;当保护层厚度相同时,保温层的烧损状态与保温材料的类型相关,热固型的硬泡聚氨酯要好于热塑型的聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料.     

有机保温材料防火界面剂开发与研究

EPS、XPS和PU板是现阶段外保温工程中使用最多的有机保温类材料。该类材料保温效果优良,但是燃烧性能差,存在严重的火灾安全隐患。本试验成功研制出一种涂覆在有机保温材料面层的防火界面剂,大幅度提高了其燃烧等级,在保证防火界面剂基本物理性能的基础上,涂覆防火界面剂有机保温材料氧指数达到B1级,经现场模拟电焊试验,能有效解决有机保温材料在现场码放和施工阶段的防火安全性。     

寒区农宅围护结构保温改造节能分析

寒区建筑外围护结构附加保温材料能够有效改善室内热环境,降低建筑能耗。EPS、XPS等传统保温板虽然在一定程度上能满足建筑的保温需求,但易开裂脱落且阻燃性差,存在安全隐患。超轻泡沫混凝土具有良好的热工性能和阻燃性能,是理想的无机保温材料,应用前景明朗。建立寒区某简化农宅建筑能耗分析模型,通过EnergyPlus软件研究对比安装超轻泡沫混凝土保温板与EPS、XPS等传统保温材料的建筑全年能耗,并分析外墙保温、屋顶保温形式差异,给出安装不同保温材料建筑全生命周期内总费用。研究结果表明,外墙保温对建筑能耗影响较大;建筑保温材料厚度相同时,超轻泡沫混凝土保温板保温性能优于XPS保温板、EPS保温板;超轻泡沫混凝土保温板厚度采用120 mm时全生命周期总费用最低。     

有机保温材料防火界面剂的开发与研究

EPS、XPS和PU板是现阶段外保温工程中使用最多的有机保温类材料。该类材料保温效果优良,但阻燃性能差,存在严重的火灾安全隐患。通过试验成功研制出一种涂覆在有机保温材料面层的防火界面剂,大幅度提高了其燃烧等级,在保证防火界面剂基本物理性能的基础上涂覆防火界面剂,有机保温材料氧指数达到B1级,经现场模拟电焊试验,能有效解决有机保温材料在现场码放和施工阶段的防火安全性。     

新型A级燃烧性能外墙保温产品在新疆伊犁投入使用

多年来，我国外墙节能保温材料主要以聚苯板（EPS）、挤塑板（XPS）、聚氨酯板（PU）、和喷涂等有机材料为主，普遍存在耐热性能差、易燃烧和燃烧时释放大量热量并产生大量有害烟气等缺点。因为外墙保温材料防火级别不够而引起火灾，造成重大人员伤亡和财产损失的事例屡有发生。     

几种常见保温材料燃烧热值分析

采用氧弹量热仪法对几种常见的保温材料进行燃烧热值测试,并对结果进行分析。分析表明,无机类保温材料的燃烧热值很小;有机类保温材料的燃烧热值极大;复合类保温材料的燃烧热值较小,但仍有一定的火灾隐患;新型保温材料的燃烧热值较小,但仍需进一步改进。本文旨在为保温材料在工程应用中提供参考。     

外墙保温材料的燃烧性能研究

采用SBI单体燃烧实验、塑料用氧指数法测定燃烧行为试验、建筑材料可燃性试验研究了热固性保温材料和热塑性保温材料的防火性能差异。试验样品为XPS保温板、EPS保温板、酚醛保温板、改性聚苯板。结果表明:热固性保温材料     

柔性橡塑保温板材燃烧性能快速测试的影响因素

该文以板状柔性橡塑保温材料为研究主体,通过分析测试条件对氧指数与该材料燃烧性能等级关联性的影响,探讨该类材料燃烧性能快速测试的影响因素。结果表明,氧指数试验的测试厚度、取样方式对柔性橡塑保温材料燃烧等级关联性的有一定影响,进而影响快速测试的结果。     

近零能耗建筑外墙保温材料燃烧性能研究

随着国家对建筑节能率要求的提高,各地的近零能耗建筑出现得越来越多,围护结构外墙使用的保温材料厚度也随之大幅增加。通过对近零能耗建筑围护结构外墙有机保温材料常采用的模塑聚苯板和石墨聚苯板的燃烧性能进行分析,并分别以同一厂家100 mm厚、200 mm厚两种不同厚度的模塑聚苯板和石墨聚苯板从单体燃烧试验、可燃性试验、氧指数试验进行研究,试验结果表明可燃性试验结果和氧指数试验结果几乎不受模塑聚苯板和石墨聚苯板样品厚度的影响,单体燃烧试验中燃烧增长速率指数、火焰横向蔓延长度、600 s的总放热量三项指标随着模塑聚苯板和石墨聚苯板样品厚度的增加呈现增大趋势。进而希望针对近零能耗建筑采用有机保温材料的燃烧性能制定相应的检测标准或技术要求。     

不同材质有机保温材料单体燃烧试验研究

介绍了3种有机保温板材的单体燃烧试验(SBI),根据试验结果及现象对板材潜在的火灾危险性进行分析比对.3种材质板式保温材料的阻燃性能:酚醛板优于石墨聚苯板优于XPS板.并且阐述了SBI试验的影响因素及注意事项.     

真空复合保温预制直埋管散热损失实验研究

针对真空复合保温预制直埋管(以下简称真空复合保温管,工作管内直径x壁厚为42.0 mm×4.4 mm,外护管外直径x壁厚为73.0 mm×3.4 mm,纳米气凝胶毡厚度为6 mm,真空层厚度为1.7 mm)展开散热损失实验研究。以导热油为循环介质,分别采用热流计法、表面温度法、热平衡法进行测试。对3种方法的测试计算结果进行对比,分析存在差异的成因。真空复合保温管的散热损失随导热油进口设定温度的增大而增大。导热油进口设定温度一定时,真空复合保温管的散热损失随真空层绝对压力的增大而增大。真空层绝对压力为2.0 kPa时,真空复合保温管的散热损失最小。真空层绝对压力为12.0、22.0、101.3 kPa时,真空复合保温管的散热损失接近。在保温材料种类、厚度、安装方式一定的前提下,真空层绝对压力对获得更低的散热损失发挥着决定性作用。热流计法的测试结果与表面温度法的计算结果接近,热平衡法的计算结果与前二者的差别较大。该实验宜采用热流计法、表面温度法。     

预制保冷一体式水管防结露特性实验研究

交联聚乙烯发泡是一种新型的具有闭孔结构的柔性发泡绝热性能良好的材料,利用交联聚乙烯发泡材料制成的保冷一体式水管,具有施工安装方便快捷,保温层质量不受施工工艺影响的优点,近年来广泛运用在管道防结露施工中。本文通过对保冷材料的热工性能测定,计算了管道保冷层绝热经济厚度和最小防结露厚度,并通过实验研究了该管道穿越非空调区时表面结露特性。研究表明预制保冷一体式水管防结露性能良好,能满足替代传统空调系统水管输送冷水要求。     

钢结构围护-防火一体化材料耐火性能试验研究

根据钢结构防火保护材料的相关技术要求,通过对常见的钢结构围护材料进行评价,筛选了包括水泥基材料中的无机轻集料砂浆、胶粉聚苯颗粒、蒸压轻质加气混凝土(autoclaved lightweight concrete,ALC),保温浆料中的石膏基保温浆料、微孔硅酸钙浆料,以及保温板材中的发泡陶瓷保温板和岩棉板在内的3类可以兼作防火保护的材料,分别对以上材料进行耐火性能测试,通过试验现象及试验数据分析评价不同材料的耐火性能,并给出对应的建议构造措施。结果表明,当对这些材料采用合适的构造方式,并按照结构的耐火需求设计合适的厚度时,这几类材料均能为钢结构提供良好的防火保护,一定程度上提升了其耐火时间。验证了钢结构建筑围护与防火一体化的可行性,可为相关的设计及构造提供参考。     

Impact of grey energy on optimal wall insulation thickness

For decades efforts have been made to reduce the greenhouse gases emissions of buildings by reducing their energy demand with governmental regulations in Europe, pushing towards very low thermal transmittances (U-values) with ever thicker insulation layers for new buildings. However, there is no linear relationship between the insulation thickness and the heat losses. Therefore, above a certain thickness the consumption of buildings does not decrease significantly. Hereafter a life cycle analysis, including emissions before the building becomes operational is applied to evaluate the impact of the increasing thickness of components on the overall emissions. Publicly available product data sheets are used to compare four insulation materials under three scenarios. These analyses yield interesting results showing that energy-intensive insulation materials lead to a negative impact in the overall energy balance after a certain thickness. Even though there is not always a pronounced optimum insulation thickness, it is logical that further reductions in U-value for new buildings should hence be carefully evaluated. The results show that the optimal thickness is around 20 cm for most materials, while the important major savings come from the first 10 cm.     

Die Wärmeübertragung in porösen Stoffen – Einfluss von Albedo und Extinktion

Heat transfer in porous materials – effect of albedo and extinction. In the context of European market harmonisation it is important to determine the properties of construction and insulation products with minimum measurement uncertainty. For insulation used for industrial equipment and building services the temperature‐dependent thermal conductivity has to be specified for the respective application. However, the established test methods for determining thermal conductivity are not designed for high temperatures. prEN 15548‐1:2006 [4] is a new technical specification designed to meet the requirements of such measurements. In order to be able to compare different types of insulation products, the measuring methods must have approximately the same measurement uncertainty, and the influence factors for the different measuring methods must be clear. For certain products the thickness is a significant influence parameter, which may have different causes. This paper focuses on the so‐called thickness effect.     

Toxicity characteristics of commercially manufactured insulation materials for building applications in Taiwan

The use of thermal insulation materials for building applications is a promising technique but further investigations are needed in this area in order to enhance fire prevention. An experimental study has been carried out to determine toxicity characteristics of commercially manufactured insulation materials, according to UK Naval Engineering standards 713 (NES-713) and colorimetric analysis. Four materials, covering organic foamy and inorganic materials of most of insulation materials used in Taiwan, have been chosen. The various colorimetric gas reaction tubes were used to measure toxic constituents and contents. Toxicity index (TI) was then calculated to evaluate the combustion characteristic of the specimens. The influences of toxic constituents and contents on the toxicity characteristic of testing materials were examined. It was found that significant differences existed between organic foamy and inorganic materials. The results showed that the organic foamy materials, polyethylene foam and polyurethane foam, which did not meet the requirements of the low fire hazard material and were unfavorable in the building’s fire prevention. Finally, it was also observed that the results promote the real knowledge of these insulation materials by using the quantitative analysis to explicate the toxicity chemicals and types and can be important references for fire hazard analysis and developing materials in the future.     

楼板隔声材料的撞击声隔声实验室测量结果研究

隔声降噪问题越来越成为住宅品质的关注方向,尤其是上下楼层之间的撞击声隔声,隔声地板、隔声砂浆、隔声涂料及隔声垫等隔音材料应运而生。本文对比了这4种产品的计权撞击声压级和计权撞击声压级改善量的实验室测试结果。结果表明,这4种隔音材料的隔声效果、隔声原理和施工要求各有特点,在一定厚度、一定密度下均能改善基础分户楼板的计权撞击声压级,并达到标准要求。     

The Effectiveness of Horizontal Barriers in Preventing Fire Spread on Vertical Insulation Panels Made of Polystyrene Foams

Expanded polystyrene (EPS) and extruded polystyrene (XPS) foams are both excellent exterior thermal insulation materials for buildings. However, their flammability also induces high fire hazard. Current regulation in China requires horizontal fire barriers with a minimum height of 30 cm when polystyrene foams are used as the external insulation. The present work evaluates the effectiveness of such barriers in inhibiting fire growth in insulation walls. The walls were made of B2 grade EPS and XPS foams without protective coatings but with mineral wool as horizontal barriers. Altogether six combinations of fire positions and barrier positions were tested for both EPS and XPS. The heat release rate (HRR) of the fire and the temperature distribution on the wall were recorded and analyzed. The results indicate that, without a barrier, fire starting at the middle of the wall generated higher peak HRR than that starting at the bottom, which was in turn higher than that starting at the top. When the insulation panel below the barrier was 1 m high, the upward fire spread from the bottom could be stopped by 40-cm, but not 30-cm, barriers. However, when the insulation panel below the barrier was 2 m high, even the 40-cm barriers failed. Lastly, the downward fire spread from above could not be stopped by 40-cm barrier due to dripping of burning plastics. The study highlights the limitations of horizontal fire barriers in preventing the vertical fire spread over exposed B2 grade polystyrene insulation and establishes protocols for further investigations.     

碳纤维布加固钢筋混凝土板的耐火性能试验研究

在ISO834标准升温条件下,进行3块设置不同防火材料的碳纤维布加固钢筋混凝土板,以及1块未加固板的耐火性能对比试验。分析不同防火措施对高温下碳纤维布加固钢筋混凝土板的破坏形态、跨中挠度及耐火极限的影响。试验结果表明:(1)只要采取适当的防火措施,在使用荷载明显增大的情况下,碳纤维布加固钢筋混凝土板仍具有与未加固板大体相当甚至更长的耐火极限;(2)与薄型防火涂料相比,水泥砂浆的防火保护效果相对较弱;(3)厚度5 mm的薄型防火涂料的防火效果相对较好。为确保实际工程中碳纤维布加固钢筋混凝土板具有足够的耐火能力,科学合理地选择防火材料及其厚度是十分重要的。