基于FDS对一起酒店纵火案的火灾进行场景重构

火灾场景重构对于消防人员调查火灾事故发生发展过程具有重要的参考价值,而基于FDS的数值模拟方法是重构火灾场景的主要手段。本文通过数值模拟过程,对一起酒店纵火案进行调查分析,用计算结果在关键点上与实际火灾情况进行对比分析,从而验证计算结果的合理性,然后通过模拟结果确定整个火灾发生发展的细节。     

光纤光栅感温火灾探测器在古建筑中的应用

分析楼阁式古建筑的火灾特点,利用FDS对观音阁火灾蔓延情况进行数值模拟,计算特定火灾场景下火灾蔓延过程,得到初期火灾烟气蔓延规律以及温度分布,并在模拟结果的基础上进一步分析光纤光栅感温火灾探测器的设置方法。     

古建筑大悲阁火灾蔓延数值模拟

以大悲阁作为研究对象,利用FDS软件对大悲阁木结构阁楼式古建筑进行数学建模,计算不同火灾场景下火灾蔓延过程,得到初期火灾烟气蔓延及温度场分布。通过对火灾数值模拟的分析研究,提出了合理的火灾防治对策,以最大限度地减小火灾损失。     

基于FDS的后处理厂有机溶剂火灾事故后果研究

为计算乏燃料后处理厂有机溶剂泄漏导致的火灾事故后果影响,基于FDS火灾数值模拟软件,结合火灾过程放射性物质释放量经验公式,建立火灾场景模型,对后处理厂密闭空间内因氧含量不足、有机溶剂泄漏造成的火灾事故持续时间和放射性物质释放量进行计算。计算结果表明,设定火灾场景下,火灾热释放速率为214 kJ/s,火灾持续时间约为1 312 s,火灾发展过程中约有8.19 kg煤油参与燃烧,火灾导致放射性核素铀以气溶胶形式释放6.4 kg。     

某大型体育场馆消防设计性能化评估

结合某大型体育场馆设计工程中存在的超出国家现行防火规范的问题,分析体育场馆火灾危险性和防火安全目标.设置5个火灾场景,采用FDS模拟火灾烟气运动,并计算ASET;采用EVACNET4网格节点式疏散模型数值模拟方法计算RSET,从而对其进行火灾风险评估.     

基于大涡模拟的火灾数值模拟网格划分优化方法

摘 要：网格划分是火灾数值模拟的重要环节,对模拟结果的精度以及模拟时间有很大影响。针对火灾数值模拟中的网格划分问题,提出了一种基于大涡模拟的网格划分优化方法。根据大涡模拟的原理,给出了滤波尺度的计算方法,并根据滤波尺度和网格比系数对火场中不同区域的网格尺寸进行优化处理。将优化方法应用于高层建筑火灾的数值模拟,运用FDS软件分别针对优化前网格、优化后网格以及精细网格进行数值模拟,对不同网格划分下的温度、氧气和二氧化碳体积分数进行比对。结果表明：网格优化后,模拟结果与精细网格之间相关系数的均值为0.987,保证了模拟精度;同时,模拟运行时间降低为精细网格的16%,有效提升了火灾模拟的计算效率。     

基于地质统计学的火场物理参数空间变异性分析

介绍地质统计学基本原理,利用火灾动力学模拟软件FDS对某一火灾场景进行模拟计算,以火场烟气中一氧化碳的体积分数为例,在FDS计算结果基础上进行克立格估值计算,并以三维立体图直观显示其空间分布特征。将克立格估值结果与FDS计算结果进行对比,验证该估值方法的可靠性,并展望地质统计学在消防领域内的应用前景。     

某地下机械式汽车库消防安全性分析

分析了地下机械车库的火灾特点,参考汽车火灾试验,确定了火灾分析的基础数据,从火灾增长速率、火灾蔓延、被引燃临界热释放速率、自动喷水灭火系统的动作时间及不同的火灾场景FDS数值模拟等几方面,对地下机械车库火灾危险性进行了探讨。     

FDS场模拟计算中的网格分析

基于场模拟的火灾动力学模型（FDS）中网格的划分直接影响到计算结果的误差，甚至关系到计算结果的正确性。运用FDS对相同计算区域内的4种不同网格划分情况分别进行数值模拟，比较不同网格尺寸对计算结果的影响，从而对FDS的网格划分问题得到进一步的认识。     

火灾调查中某仓库特大火灾场景的数值模拟重构

将数值模拟中的大涡模拟方法应用于某汽车配件城仓库火灾场景重构,对火灾原因和过程进行分析。根据现场人员证词和燃烧现场取证,对火灾的发生进行场景重构模拟,确定火灾是由电气短路造成。将模拟结果中关键部位的温度、有毒气体和烟气浓度等数据与火灾现场专家勘察结果对比,排除了人为纵火的可能性。采用并行运算方法,较好的预测了火灾发展和有毒烟气的运动。为实际火灾场景的调查提供了数值模拟的科学方法。     

Modeling carbon black trace in building fire and its validation

The carbon black trace is an important characteristic in a building fire accident and becomes crucial evidence in fire investigation. Based on the particle deposition theory, the mathematical model is established for the carbon black trace in a building fire. The numerical model of the carbon black trace is implemented into the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) software. The total mass of the carbon black particle deposited on the wall surface can be calculated quantitatively and be simulated visually. The proposed model is applied into a fire accident as a validation. A numerical model is used to simulate the fire accident. In numerical simulations, the grid size resolution is analyzed. The accident reconnaissance data, accident interview record and accident scene photo/video are compared with the results of numerical simulations. It shows that the simulation results have a good agreement with those in the fire accident, which validates the mathematical model in this study. The proposed method can provide useful data for fire reconstruction and fire investigation.     

基于FDS的某小吃店火灾亡人原因分析

对贵州一起"三合一"场所火灾进行建模重构,依据真实火灾数据,利用FDS软件设置相关参数重现火灾的发展过程,得到温度、烟气蔓延数据,并与实际火灾现场相应部位的痕迹特征进行对照,验证了起火部位和火灾蔓延发展过程.通过温度、CO体积分数切片以及相对有效暴露剂量(FED)的综合分析,对最终人员在高温与烟气的共同作用下死亡做出了...     

油罐火灾模型试验的安全性分析

采用数学计算和FDS软件模拟对缩小尺寸的油罐火灾模型试验进行安全性分析,得到火焰跳动频率、倾斜角、火焰高度和热辐射安全距离等参数数据,与实际的模型试验进行比较。模拟油罐的直径为1.7m、高度为1.7m,模拟试验中罐底距离地面0.3m,油罐上端开口,环境风速为0m/s及5m/s。结果表明,数学计算和FDS软件模拟的各种数据取最小值时和模型试验最为接近,因此该安全性分析具有可行性,同时建议保守地采取FDS下风向数值作为试验的安全距离。     

水平弧形公路隧道临界风速研究

采用FDS建立弧形隧道火灾模型,对模型进行模拟计算,结合Wu&Bakar的临界风速预测模型和计算观测数据,应用MATLAB拟合工具箱建立弧形隧道的临界风速模型。利用该模型预测重庆市某公路隧道在发生火灾情况下的临界风速,将预测结果与Wu&Bakar模型和FDS的预测结果进行对比,结果表明,该模型比Wu&Bakar模型更加接近数值模拟的结果。     

Experimental study and numerical simulation for a storehouse fire accident

Full-scale experiment and numerical simulations are carried out on a shelf fire in a storehouse to study the ignition manner, the fire spread and the combustion characteristics. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of fire-driven fluid flow, FDS (Fire Dynamics Simulator), is used to solve numerically a form of the Navier–Stokes equations for fire. Ignition manner experiments with both cigarette ends and lighter are conducted first. Then a full-scale experiment on a shelf fire is performed. The temperatures are measured and the fire growth and spread process is analyzed. A numerical model is used to simulate the experiment; the temperatures, fire growth and heat release rate are studied. In numerical simulations, the grid size resolution is analyzed. The experimental results of temperatures and the fire growth and spread process are compared with the results of numerical simulations. It shows that the numerical results are in good agreement with the experimental results. The chimney effect is also observed in both the experiment and the simulation. These useful data can be helpful in the numerical reconstruction of the whole storehouse fire accident.     

基于网格变换的火灾中塌落固体建模及应用

基于网格变换的思想,提出了一种在网格中建立塌落固体并与流场进行耦合的建模方法。根据此方法对FDS 软件进行功能扩展,使其能够对塌落固体建模并模拟。利用改进后的FDS 软件对无结构塌落和有结构塌落情形的相同火灾场景的进行模拟。对于有塌落情形的模拟结果,其温度和CO2 曲线在塌落时刻之前与无塌落情形一致,而在塌落时刻之后与实际火灾中塌落造成的轰燃现象一致,证明此方法可以较好地模拟固体的塌落及其对火灾场景的影响。     

耦合电梯门狭缝流动的高层竖井火灾烟气模拟

利用FDS 建立17 层高层办公楼数值模型,考虑狭缝的小开口流动,耦合了基于开口流动理论的HVAC 模型,研究高层建筑内烟气通过电梯竖井的蔓延过程,得到了高层建筑内烟囱效应诱导的火灾烟气蔓延规律。高层建筑内较低层发生的火灾会显著加热电梯竖井中的气体,形成烟囱效应,高层建筑内部会形成中性面。通过将HVAC 模型与基于标准流量系数的模型进行比较,可以发现这两种方法计算的质量流量相差约1.5 倍。这是由于采用的HVAC 模型并没有考虑狭缝处的开口流动损失。通过进一步修正,取开口损失系数K 值为3.56 能得到较好的模拟结果。     

Comparison of FDS Prediction of Smoke Movement in a 10-Storey Building with Experimental Data

In this study, the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS), a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model developed by National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is used to simulate fire tests conducted at the National Research Council of Canada (CNRC). These tests were conducted in an experimental 10-storey tower to generate realistic smoke movement data. A full size FDS model of the tower was developed to predict smoke movement from fires that originate on the second floor. Three propane fire tests were modelled, and predictions of O₂, CO₂ concentrations and temperature on each floor are compared with the experimental data. This paper provides details of the tests, and the numerical modelling, and discusses the comparisons between the model results and the experiments. The 10-storey experimental tower was designed to simulate the centre core of high-rise buildings. It includes a compartment and corridor on each floor, a stair shaft, elevator shaft and service shafts. Three propane fire tests were conducted in 2006 and 2007 to study smoke movement through the stair shaft to the upper floors of the building. The fire was set in the compartment of the 2nd floor. Thermocouples and gas analyzers were placed on each floor to measure temperature and O₂, CO₂ and CO concentrations. Comparisons in the fire compartment and floor of fire show that the FDS model gives a good prediction of temperature and O₂ and CO₂ concentrations. In the stair shaft and upper floors there are some small differences which are due to the effect of heat transfer to the stairs that was not considered in the model. Overall the study demonstrates that FDS is capable of modelling fire development and smoke movement in a high rise building for well ventilated fires.     

徽派建筑的火灾风险性分析及改善措施

为研究我国徽派建筑的火灾风险及应对方法,选择 3处典型的徽派建筑作为研究对象,结合近年来我国文物建筑火灾形势、致灾原因以及徽派建筑中现存消防安全问题进行分析,从可燃物现状、防火间距、建筑防火、消防设施及救援能力等方面探究徽派建筑中存在的消防安全问题。选取江西某徽派建筑与其周边建筑作为研究对象,利用 FDS 建立火灾模型模拟火灾场景。提出可行性较大的相关改善措施与建议。