我国发展高质量铝板带箔材生产的有效途径

针对我国铝板带箔材生产供坯能力不足特别是热轧供坯能力不足、水平低的现状，提出了调整我国铝板带箔加工供坯的不合理结构，解决高质量铝板带箔材大量依靠进口办法。     

国内铝板带箔供需状况前瞻

本文全面分析了目前我国铝板带材加工业的生产能力、产量及市场发展状况，对我国铝板带材尤其是制罐料、建筑装饰板、铝箔坯料、PS版基、合金板及铝箔的市场发展前景进行了预测，并对我国铝板带箔企业的发展趋势做了简要阐述。     

德国铝板带加工的新趋势

本文介绍了德国一些重要的铝板带加工厂的概况,使大家对德国铝板带加工工业的现状和发展动态有较全面的了解,看到了德国铝板带加工工业的装备水平、工艺技术发展状况和管理水平,同时也看到了德国铝板带加工工业所面临的问题和今后的发展方向。     

我国铝板带箔材市场分析及发展对策

本文在近几年国际、国内铝极带箔材产量、消费量和贸易量统计数据基础上，分析了我国的铝板带箔材市场，对我国今后重要品种的铝板带箔材消费作出预测，并提出几点建议。     

铝板带箔轧机的新技术

本文简要地介绍了现代铝板带箔轧机在机械设计、自动控制、轧制油系统等方面采用的新技术，对现代铝板带箔轧机的未来发展趋势进行了评述。     

德国Lechler公司铝板带冷轧机轧制油热喷淋系统介绍

对于铝板带冷轧机来说，轧制油热喷淋系统是控制板型的有效装置，通过向轧辊边部喷淋加热的轧制油，热辊型得到补偿，使得边部紧的现象不再存在。采用这种热喷淋系统，断带的危险降低了，可以提高轧制速度，使板带不需要再切边。德国Lechler公司是这种热喷淋系统装置的供货公司，该公司可根据每台轧机需要定做或选择合适的轧辊冷却系统提供作为增值装置的喷淋系统。轧辊的加热升温对于铝板带冷轧具有重要意义，铝板带在冷轧过程中的大加工率导致轧辊和铝板带长时间接触，因而造成了非常大的材料接触面积，由于铝材高热传输系数和高热量传导…     

发展我国铝板带加工工业的有效途径

本文对我国铝板带村市场的现况进行了深入的分析与评估，提出建设现代化热生产线的多种方案采用热轧卷式供坯提高产品档次，有铲地实现铝板带加工工业的产业结构调整和发展，并对以自力更生为主建设现代化热轧生产线的可行性作了探讨。     

我国铝板带热连轧应用现状与发展

热连轧技术是铝板带加工的先进技术，它可以生产出别的加工方法所不能生产出的高质量板带产品。笔者综述了铝板带热连轧机组的几种基本类型，以及这些热连轧机组在我国铝加工业的装备现状，并简要展望了热连轧技术在我国面临的机遇和挑战。     

浅谈汽车车身用铝板带的生产

本文简述了汽车车身铝板带开发应用的重要性,综述了汽车车身用铝合金的分类及特点,6000系合金是目前的发展趋势。介绍了汽车车身铝板带的工艺流程及关键制造技术和生产现状。指出中国会建设具有现代化水准的汽车车身铝板带生产线,且拥有现代化的汽车车身铝板带精整生产线。     

哈兹列特连铸连轧工艺在我国铝板带生产中的应用展望

本文介绍了铸轧、连铸连轧、半连续铸造-热轧三种供坯工艺的特点，并根据我国现阶段铝板带箔生产的现状，展望了哈兹列特连铸连轧供坯工艺在我国铝板带生产中的应用前景。     

化妆品包装用光亮型铝材生产工艺的研究

探明了各常量及微量元素含量对抛光铝材反射率的影响，确定了化妆品包装用光亮型铝材的化学成分，研究了中间退火对热轧板和冷轧板组织影响的差异及不同成品退火工艺下不同状态铝材的冲制性能，最终确定了适合现有装备状况下化妆品包装用抛光铝材的生产工艺。     

Extraction equilibrium conditions of beryllium and aluminium from a beryl ore for optimal industrial beryllium compound production

This study examines the extraction of beryllium and aluminium from a Nigerian beryl ore using Cyanex®272 in kerosene from an aqueous sulphate pregnant solution. Parameters such as extractant concentration and equilibrium pH that dictates the extraction yield were studied. Under the following conditions: temperature 27?±?2°C, phase ratio 1?1, about 45.50 and 46.76% of beryllium and aluminium were extracted by 0.15?mol?L^?1 Cyanex®272 concentration within 30?min. However, the extraction yield of beryllium and aluminium was increased to 91.68% and 97.89% at equilibrium pH of 3 and 4, respectively, for beryllium and aluminium at 27?±?2°C. A 0.05?mol?L^?1 H₂SO₄ solution was found to be adequate for the stripping of about 99.00% Be and 95.40% Al from the loaded organic phase. The pure solutions containing metal ions were accordingly beneficiated to obtain beryllium and aluminium compounds of industrial values.     

用液态下铸法生产外沸内镇钢工艺的研究

本文系统介绍了武钢第一炼钢厂利用引进的溶铝、喷射设备,成功地开发出外沸内镇钢下注工艺,几年来在提高成坯率、扩大品种和设备国产化诸方面进行了多种工作并解剖了钢锭,目前该钢种已用于镀锌、镀锡板的生产,在用于汽车部件、旋开盖和易拉罐等试验中,已取得良好效果。     

透平空压机新型冷却器的使用简介

ＤＡ３５０－６１空压机原采用铝板式油冷却器。由于铝材易受腐蚀，寿命短，改用新型不锈钢式冷却器后效果良好，性能稳定，保证了空压机的安全运行。     

Recyclability assessment of Al 7075 chips produced by cold comminution and consolidation using spark plasma sintering

A solid-state recycling route for processing aluminium alloy 7075 chips is proposed. This process involves pulverizing the chips using an industrial scale comminution line to produce a broad particle size distribution of granulated products and powders. Upon sieving, the ?140 mesh fraction of the pulverised material was consolidated by spark plasma sintering into fully dense compacts, i.e. >99%. The properties of the pulverised powders and compacts were compared to commercially available aluminium alloy 7075 powder used in industrial press-sinter applications. The comminution line produced powder particles which possessed a 7·9?±?0·6-nm thick native oxide layer with adhering exogenous contaminants, and aluminium oxide particles dispersed throughout the powder. The presence of the oxide layer and exogenous contaminants was found to be deleterious to the powder consolidation and mechanical properties. A flexural strength and strain and hardness of 94·7?±?7·2?MPa, 2·1?±?0·3% and 69·3?±?5·2 HV were obtained, respectively.     

Optimisation of Inclusion Chemistry by Improved Steel Cleanliness and Optimum Calcium Treatment

SMSII, Bokaro Steel Plant produces ~ 2.0 million tons of low carbon aluminium killed (LCAK) steels per annum. Calcium treatment is done regularly at the end of ladle treatment to avoid clogging of submerged entry nozzles (SEN). With calcium consumption of 0.23 kg/t, inconsistent calcium in steel, SEN clogging and slide gate erosions were reported. Nozzle clogging during casting of LCAK steels was primarily caused by deposition of complex oxide and sulfide inclusions and slide gate erosion by excess calcium in steel. Optimum calcium in steel was essential to achieve desired inclusion composition conducive to smooth casting and eliminate slide gate or SEN erosion effectively. With calcium consumption of 0.12kg/ton optimum calcium content in steel could be achieved through i) improved steel cleanliness, ii) restricted CaS formation and iii) optimum aluminium content in steel. Process optimisation resulted in reduction in aluminium consumption by 1.0 kg/t and improvement in steel cleanliness with consistent total oxygen level of ≤ 42 ppm. Desired inclusion characteristics conducive to longer sequence length was achieved and evidenced through EPMA. Erosion of slide gate plates could be eliminated completely.     

Complete calibration of a stereo photogrammetric system through control points of unknown coordinates

Adsorption of human plasma and serum proteins onto hydrated aluminium was studied by ellipsometry/antibody techniques, and soluble complement components iC3b, Bb, and C4d with commercial ELISA plates. Aluminium that was incubated in plasma for 1 min bound significant amounts of anti-lipoproteins (anti-LP), no antibodies against contact activation of coagulation proteins, and no anti-fibrinogen (anti-Fib). Time course studies with serum revealed increasing deposition of anti-C3c with time. Complement factor 1q (C1q) was antibody detectable only after short-time serum incubations, but no anti-IgG and anti-properdin bound to the protein film at any time. Anti-C3c was not deposited after exposure of the surfaces to Clq-depleted serum. Intriguingly, and in spite of increasing deposition of C3 to the surface with time, the combined ellipsometry and ELISA results gave no unequivocal proof of activation of complement by hydrated aluminium.     

Behavior of Pultruded Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Beams Subjected to Concentrated Loads in the Plane of the Web

Results of the behavior of pultruded fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) I-shaped beams subjected to concentrated loads in the plane of the web are presented. Twenty beams with nominal depths from 152.4 to 304.8?mm were tested in three-point bending with a span-to-depth ratio of four. Load was applied to the top flange directly above the web—12 without bearing plates and 8 with bearing plates of varying width and thickness. All test specimens failed with a wedgelike shear failure at the upper web-flange junction. Finite-element results support experimental findings from strain gauge and digital image correlation data. Bearing plates increased beam capacity by 35% or more as a function of bearing plate width and thickness. Bearing plates increased average shear stress in the web at failure from 17.4 to 27.2?MPa—below the accepted value of in-plane shear strength (69?MPa). A design equation is presented, and predicted capacities are compared with experimental results. The average value of experimental capacity to predicted capacity is 1.12 with a standard deviation of 0.11 and coefficient of variation (COV) of 0.10 for sections up to 304.8?mm deep.     

Development of mould fluxes based on lime–alumina slag system for casting high aluminium TRIP steel

Abstract

With excellent strength and ductility properties, transformation induced plasticity (TRIP) steels are superior to ordinary commercial steels and have great application potential in the automobile industry. However, the continuous casting of TRIP steels is associated with challenges owing to its high aluminium content, approximately 0?5–1?8%. The reaction of aluminium near the steel/slag interface continuously changes the basicity of conventional lime–silica based mould fluxes causing variation in the flux physical properties between the solidifying shell and mould wall. Therefore, the heat transfer process is unstable and the surface quality of the as-cast slab is not guaranteed.

To reduce the reactivity of aluminium in TRIP steel during casting, it is suggested to replace the lime–silica based fluxes with a lime–alumina based mould flux, based on laboratory measurements and industrial trials.

The trials showed great improvement in the slab surface quality and no depression defect was noticed so far.     

Selective removal of dissolved silicon and aluminium ions from gas liquor by hydrometallurgical methods

Sasol raw gas liquor emanating from the gasification plant is contaminated by trace amounts of silicon, iron and aluminium which can crystallize or precipitate from gas liquor to form synthetic clay during either: (1) gas liquor transportation from the gasification plant to the phenosolvan plant or (2) during the liquid–liquid extraction process. Phenol is a major high value component of gas liquor which can be selectively recovered by diisopropyl ether (DIPE) from gas liquor during a liquid–liquid extraction process. A colloidal alumina/silica precipitate readily occurs on the heat exchanger plates during the liquid–liquid extraction process. This gelatinous precipitate formation is an operational problem which results in a severe blockage of the heat exchanger plates and eventually needs to be unblocked with hydrofluoric acid, a toxic and corrosive chemical. The precipitate formation can be attributed to the presence of the aluminium, silicon and iron species in the gas liquor.Characterisation studies identified metal ions such as Al³⁺, Ca²⁺, Fe³⁺, Mg²⁺, Si⁴⁺ and K⁺ in all liquid samples analysed in this study. Major anions detected in the liquid samples are sulphate, fluoride, chloride, bicarbonate, carbonate and nitrate. Thermodynamic modelling of inorganic compounds in the gas liquor sample indicates that Al(OH)₃, CaCO₃ and Fe(OH)₃ are dominant precipitates between pH 8 and 10 and a temperature of 40 °C.In this study, various purification processes such as: (1) desilication, (2) flocculation, and (3) selective precipitation were evaluated to selectively remove silicon, aluminium and iron species from the phenol-containing gas liquor. In addition a complexing of Al (III) and Fe (III) ions with citric acid was investigated to retain both aluminium and silicon species in the phenol-containing gas liquor during the extraction of phenol. The concentration of phenol present in the gas liquor must not be affected during the removal of aluminium, silicon and iron ions from the gas liquor. The preliminary results obtained indicate that in terms of removing the aluminium and silicon species from the gas liquor, the addition of seed crystals such as alumina, gibbsite and silica to gas liquor coupled with flocculation proved superior to all hydrometallurgical processes evaluated in this study. The availability of this technology to eliminate or substantially reduce silica and alumina fouling would reduce expensive maintenance and down time requirements and also enhance the plant efficiency.