电化学技术降解有机废水研究进展

综述了电催化氧化、光电催化、超声电化学、三维电极电化学技术降解有机废水的研究与应用进展,重点介绍了电化学技术协同降解有机废水的发展现状,对各种电化学方法进行了阐述,探讨了电化学技术降解有机废水的发展趋势,展望了降解有机废水今后的重点研究方向。     

工业废水电化学处理技术的进展及其发展方向

综述了工业废水电化学处理技术的进展和应用.介绍了电化学氧化、电化学还原、电絮凝、电气浮、电渗析等方法.阐述了电化学氧化技术目前没有工业化的主要原因是低的电流效率、高能耗和大的操作费用,如何提高传质特性、电流效率、开发用于废水处理的高效电解槽是亟待解决的问题.特别指出了未来工业废水电化学处理技术的发展方向是生物难降解废水处理用的阳极材料、电化学反应器、电化学组合技术、生物膜电化学反应器工艺.     

电化学复合技术处理有机废水的研究进展

综述了电化学复合技术处理有机废水的研究现状及应用进展,介绍了电解-内电解复合法、电凝聚电气浮法、光电催化氧化法、超声电化学法以及其他电化学复合技术。指出电化学技术与物理、化学、生物和超声等的结合以及如何降低处理成本,实现工业化生产是今后电化学复合技术处理有机废水的发展方向。     

电化学法再生颗粒活性炭的研究现状

阐述了电化学再生技术的再生机理,并重点介绍了电流密度、再生时间、电解质、电解质质量浓度、酸碱度和再生位置对GAC再生效率的影响,以及电化学法再生GAC的反应器.最后,讨论了电化学再生方法的发展趋势,指出了优化机理、开发其他基于电的技术、探讨电化学和其他工艺相结合的技术是电化学法再生颗粒活性炭的未来研究工作重点.     

钢筋混凝土电化学除氯技术研究现状

电化学除氯(ECE)技术通过在外加阳极和钢筋阴极之间施加电压来排除氯离子使钢筋重新恢复钝化,从而达到保护钢筋混凝土的目的。为了进一步了解电化学除氯技术的发展,本文综述了近年来国内外钢筋混凝土电化学除氯技术的研究进展,阐述了电化学除氯原理,总结了电化学除氯的影响因素,系统地介绍了电化学除氯对钢筋混凝土粘结力、宏观性能和微观结构的影响,分析了目前电化学除氯存在的问题并提出了未来的研究方向,以期电化学除氯技术在提高滨海混凝土结构耐久性方面发挥更好地作用。     

电化学技术处理油田污水的研究进展

对油田污水的性质、组成及危害进行了简要叙述。介绍了利用电化学技术处理油田污水的原理,以及目前国内外应用的主要方法,包括微电解法、电解气浮法和电化学氧化法等。分析了电化学技术用于油田污水处理的优缺点,如高效、清洁、安全,但能耗较高,电极材料的稳定性、活性和寿命较低。综述了电化学技术处理油田污水的研究和应用进展,提出了电化学处理油田污水的研究重点和改进方向,主要包括电化学技术与其他化学方法联合处理,发挥协同作用,改善处理效果;研发特殊的电化学处理设备,提高处理效率;开发低成本、高催化活性和使用寿命稳定长久的电极材料,通过电化学氧化技术提高有机难降解物质的处理效果;将新型清洁能源与电化学技术相结合,降低处理能耗。     

电化学噪声技术对不锈钢表面局部腐蚀监测的应用进展

本文介绍了电化学噪声技术的原理及分析方法,利用恒电流极化在不锈钢表面制造局部腐蚀坑,通过电化学噪声技术对不锈钢表面局部腐蚀进行监测,并通过微观形貌、线性极化、电化学阻抗对电化学噪声的监测效果进行验证.结果表明,采用电化学噪声技术能够有效的对局部腐蚀进行监测,且微观形貌、线性极化与电化学交流阻抗的表征测试结果均与电化学噪...     

电化学水处理技术发展综述

文章介绍了电化学水处理技术的重要性及其优势,讲解了电化学水处理技术的基本原理,概括了几种常用的电化学水处理方法,重点讲述了电化学技术在处理工业废水方面的应用,总结了近年来电化学处理工业废水的研究,并提出了一些当前电化学水处理技术中存在的问题与相应的改进方法,最后探讨了今后电化学水处理技术的研究重点。     

废水中难降解污染物电化学处理技术研究进展

介绍了电化学氧化法、电絮凝法、电沉积法、电浮法与微电解法等五种常见的电化学污染物处理方法及其在废水处理中的研究进展,分析了电化学技术在废水处理过程中存在的一些问题,探讨了电化学技术反应机理研究、电极材料研发、新型反应器研发以及联用技术研发等未来潜在的研究方向。     

电化学技术脱除煤及烟气中的含硫组分研究进展

介绍了酸碱体系下的原料煤脱硫技术、电化学浮选脱硫技术以及电化学烟气脱硫技术（FGD）。对不同体系和不同工艺条件下的脱硫率以及电化学FGD影响因素进行了介绍,为选择脱硫条件提供了参考,并简要评述了电化学方法脱硫的发展前景及方向。     

Investigation of electrochemical degradation and application of e-paper dyes in organic solvents

To avoid environmental pollution due to organic dye solutions, the electrophoresis and degradation of dye in organic solvents such as alcohol were investigated. Many dyes were tested in the Indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode driving cell, and about 15 dyes moved under voltage driving. Both the curves of ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) and infrared (IR) spectra of the electrophoresis samples showed that the metal complexes Red 04 and Acid Black 1 were degradable in alcohol solution by electrochemical reaction. The cyclic volt-ampere curves of the samples from the electrochemical working station proved that electrochemical reactions took place. Based on the analysis of UV-Vis and IR spectra, the electrochemical degradation products of azo and metal complex azo dyes at lower voltage driving (1-5 V) in organic solvents are oxidized azobenzene, not hydrazine, which was found in the electrochemical degradation of dye water solutions. When the ITOelectrode is modified by a polyimide (PI) film to a thickness less than 4 μm, the electrochemical degradation of the dye in alcohol solution will not appear in the cyclic volt-ampere curves. A dye electrophoresis in organic solution flexible prototype e-paper display was formed and the display picture is shown.     

钼改性高岭土在造纸废水处理中的应用

以钼改性高岭土为催化剂,采用电化学降解的方法处理造纸废水,研究了造纸水初始pH、矿化度、催化剂负载不同离子对废水处理效果的影响。研究表明,改性高岭土负载铁离子作催化剂,pH为4时COD去除率最好,达到90%以上。     

钒改性催化剂的制备及其在造纸废水处理中的应用

制备了负载型的钒改性高岭土催化剂,采用红外光谱（FTIR）、X射线衍射分析（XRD）手段对制备的改性高岭土进行了表征,并以钒改性高岭土为催化剂,采用电化学降解的方法研究了造纸水初始pH、造纸水中盐含量、催化剂负载不同离子对造纸废水处理效果的影响。研究表明改性高岭土负载铁离子作催化剂、pH=4时,COD去除率最好,达到约76%。     

活性艳红K-2BP的电化学脱色及能耗分析

以Pt片作工作电极和辅助电极,NaCl为支持电解质,研究了活性艳红K-2BP的电化学脱色降解行为.通过整体电解获得其电化学反应特性,通过调控溶液的性质考察了不同体系对其降解效果的影响.实验结果表明,NaCl浓度为0.2 mol/L、电流密度为60 mA/cm2和室温条件下,30 mg/L的活性艳红K-2BP经电化学降解1 h,脱色率可达94.4%.单位能耗为10 kWh/kg.     

Ti/Fe层柱累托石电催化降解硝基苯废水

以Ti/Fe层柱累托石为粒子电极,利用三维电极技术,对含硝基苯废水进行了电催化降解的研究。考察了Ti/Fe层柱累托石的加入量、电解质、pH值、电解槽电压及进水浓度等工艺条件对硝基苯及CODCr去除率的影响;讨论了硝基苯和CODCr的去除动力学。     

Kinetic study of chitosan degradation by an electrochemical process

The kinetics of chitosan degradation by an electrochemical process was studied in this work. The order of degradation reaction was determined according to the dependence of degradation rate constant on initial chitosan concentration. For electrochemical degradation of chitosan, the apparent rate constant varied inversely with initial chitosan concentration, suggesting that the degradation reaction was zeroth-order in chitosan concentration. The influence of experimental conditions on the degradation rate constant was also investigated in detail. The degradation rate constant increased with current density, acetic acid concentration, and temperature. The influence of temperature on the degradation rate was modeled using the Arrhenius equation and the activation energy was determined to be 14.16 kJ/mol under the experimental conditions examined. The variation of sodium acetate concentrations had a negligible influence on degradation rate of chitosan.     

金属氧化物电极材料在降解含酚废水中的应用

电极材料是电化学催化氧化技术的核心,直接决定着酚类化合物的降解机理、降解历程和降解效果.综述了PbO_2、SnO_2和其它金属氧化物电极材料对含酚废水的降解效果.介绍了提高PbO_2和SnO_2电极催化活性的方法并阐述了其失活机理与延长寿命的途径.指出寻找廉价、稳定性好、析氧超电势高、催化活性好的电极材料是电催化氧化降解含酚废水的主要研究方向.     

Operating Temperature Dependency on Performance Degradation of Direct Methanol Fuel Cells

The effect of operating temperature on performance degradation of direct methanol fuel cell (DMFCs) is examined to disclose the main parameter of the degradation mechanism and the degradation pattern in the membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs). The DMFC MEA degradation phenomenon is explained through the use of various electrochemical/physicochemical tools, such as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, electrode polarization, methanol stripping voltametry, field emission‐scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, inductively coupled plasma‐atomic emission spectroscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis. The operation of DMFC under high temperature accelerates the degradation process of the DMFC. The higher degradation rate under high temperature DMFC operation is mainly attributed to the formation of membrane pinhole with interfacial delamination and cathode degradation. A high operating temperature may result in more considerable thermal and mechanical stress of the polymeric membrane continuously due to frequent dry–wet cycling mode and substantial uneven distribution of water between the anode and the cathode during a long period of DMFC operation. On the other hand, the electrochemical surface area deterioration by Pt coarsening and ionomers loss is not directly related to the larger DMFC performance decay at high temperature.     

Electrochemical degradation of organic dyes with a porous gold electrode

Electrochemical degradation of methylene blue (MB) and rhodamine B (RhB) was studied at porous gold (PAu) electrode in presence of KCl as supporting electrolytes. PAu electrode with three-dimensional porous structure was prepared by paper-based method and used as working electrode. Based on the cyclic voltammetric test, the redox potential of of MB and RhB contained in KCl solution was found and the electrochemical degradation was conducted at fixed applied voltage. The direct oxidation of organic dyes involved using PAu and Pt electrodes, while the indirect electrolysis was mediated by active chlorine electro-generated from KCl solution. The results showed that PAu electrode with porous structure has high electrochemical activity with fast kinetics for the destruction of RhB (0.0448 min^-1) and low energy consumption (0.315 kWh/m³), compared to smooth Au foil and reported others. In addition, the durability test for 10 serial degradation showed that PAu electrode has a good reproducibility and high adaptability for practical application.     

Pinhole formation in PEMFC membrane after electrochemical degradation and wet/dry cycling test

During the operation of a PEMFC, the polymer membrane is degraded by electrochemical reactions and mechanical stresses. We investigated the effects of repeated electrochemical and mechanical degradations in a membrane. For mechanical degradation, the membrane and MEA were repeatedly subjected to wet/dry cycles; for electrochemical degradation, the cell was operated under open-circuit voltage (OCV)/low-humidity conditions. The repeated wet/dry cycles led to a decrease in the mechanical strength of the membrane. When the MEA was degraded electrochemically, repeated wet/dry cycling resulted in the formation of pinholes in the membrane. In the case of different MEAs that were first degraded electrochemically, the extents of their hydrogen crossover currents increased due to repeated wet/dry cycling being different. Therefore, these results indicated that the membrane durability could be evaluated by these methods of repeated electrochemical degradation and wet/dry cycles.