碳含量及冷却速率对钢件淬火残余应力的影响

研究了直径为ø12 mm、长度为50 mm的SAE8620、SAE8625及SAE8627钢试棒淬火后表面残余应力与碳含量及冷却速率的关系。研究结果表明在渗碳淬火处理后零件表面均为残余压应力,其值大小在200~600 MPa;随着碳含量和冷却速率的增加,心部硬度值增加,表面残余压应力值减小;同种碳含量的试样心部硬度相同时,冷却速率越高,表面残余压应力的值越小;采用较低的冷却速率有利于提高表面的残余压应力。     

工艺参数对铝合金强风冷过程界面换热效率的影响

通过一系列风冷淬火试验,研究了气体高速冲击金属热表面的换热过程,采用反传热法对界面热流密度 (q) 和界面传热系数 (h)进行了求解,探究了试样的表面粗糙度和淬火初始温度、试样表面的冷却介质流量密度对换热过程的影响。结果表明:试样淬火初始温度对风冷淬火界面换热有显著影响,当其从470 ℃增大到520 ℃时,q 和h的最大值增大约50%,淬火表面温度下降到200 ℃的平均冷却速率增大约43%。随试样表面介质流量密度增大,界面热交换呈现出先增大后减小的趋势,即存在一个与最高界面换热效率对应的临界试样表面介质流量密度,且喷射角度越接近90°,该临界值越小。随试样表面粗糙度增大,界面换热不断减小,这可能归因于越粗糙的表面对边界层内流体的钉扎作用越明显,越不利于提高界面换热效率。此外,在250~380 ℃区间,界面换热系数随表面温度变化曲线普遍存在一个凹陷区域,这可能与铝合金淬火冷却过程中二次相的析出有关。     

铝合金水射流参数对淬火界面传热行为的影响

采用末端淬火试验装置,以6082铝合金圆棒试样为对象,对水射流淬火过程中界面的传热行为进行了研究。通过反传热法求解了不同试验参数条件下的界面热流密度(q)和界面传热系数(h),并分析了试样淬火初始温度、试样表面流量密度和表面粗糙度对界面传热的影响规律。结果表明:铝合金水射流淬火过程中,q和h随试样表面温度减小先增大后减小。试样淬火初始温度越高,q和h及其峰值qmax和hmax越大,过渡沸腾阶段平均淬火冷却速率也越大。试样表面流量密度对过渡沸腾传热与核沸腾传热均有显著影响,且其值越高,平均淬火冷却速率越大,qmax和hmax也越大。在过渡沸腾阶段,表面粗糙度对界面传热几乎没有影响;在核沸腾阶段,表面粗糙度对界面传热有明显影响,且当表面温度低于170℃时,随表面粗糙度增大,q、h和hmax先减小后增大,这可能与成核位置密度随表面粗糙度增大的变化规律有关。     

时效处理对7050铝合金厚板材料组织、性能及残余应力的影响

采用末端淬火实验、剥落腐蚀实验、透射电镜(TEM)和X射线残余应力测量仪等方法研究不同时效处理制度对7050铝合金厚板材料组织、性能及残余应力的影响。结果表明:T74时效状态试样较T6时效状态试样沿整个冷却方向上力学性能更加均匀;T74时效状态试样的剥落腐蚀性能较T6有显著提高,且淬火冷却速度对T74状态影响不大;沿整个淬火冷却方向上T74时效状态试样残余应力水平较T6时效状态试样明显降低。     

7050铝合金淬火残余应力及消减工艺研究

采用盲孔法测定了7050铝合金试样在不同淬火水温和不同淬火停留时间下的残余应力。进行了冷压缩变形和时效处理,研究了其对淬火残余应力的消减效果。结果表明:随着淬火水温的升高,残余应力明显降低,且工件表面残余应力由压应力逐渐转变为拉应力;淬火停留时间对残余应力的影响较小;冷压变形能够消除试样大部分的淬火残余应力,增大变形量能进一步消减残余应力,在试验条件下,3%的变形量最为恰当;时效处理工艺也能有效降低淬火残余应力,在40℃水温中淬火时,试样的消减效果最好。     

介质流量密度对铝合金喷射淬火界面热交换率的影响规律及机理

通过喷射淬火试验,研究了在高温铝合金表面进行水射流淬火、喷雾淬火和高速空气淬火的热交换过程,并对这3种在线淬火界面的热流密度 (q) 和传热系数 (h) 进行了反分析求解,重点探究了试样表面介质流量密度 (q_s) 对界面热交换率的影响规律及其机理。结果表明,随q_s增大,喷射淬火界面热交换率先增大后减小,即存在一个临界q_s,此时临界热流密度 (q_c) 取得最大值。当q_s小于其临界值时,喷射淬火界面热交换率随q_s增大而增大;当q_s大于临界值时,随q_s继续增大,喷射淬火界面热交换率反而减小。喷雾淬火的单位体积冷却介质最大吸热量 (Q_max) 最高,且淬火介质相同时,Q_max随q_s增大而减小。增大q_s对提高喷水淬火表面的热交换率效果最好。     

6063铝合金在线淬火实验及有限元模拟

通过淬火试验获得了6063铝合金的在线淬火冷却曲线,结合数值方法获得该合金的在线淬火换热系数,运用ABAQUS有限元软件动态模拟了其在线淬火过程.结果表明:喷水淬火初始阶段,换热系数较小,随着淬火温度降低,换热系数逐渐增大至峰值约47 kW/(m2·℃),随后又逐渐减小;有限元模拟获得的冷却曲线与实测冷却曲线基本吻合;淬火时试样的温度分布符合一维传热特征,轴向应力呈“内压外拉”状态,且无论是拉应力还是压应力都在淬火开始不久后出现峰值.     

残余应力对U75V重轨钢疲劳裂纹扩展速率的影响

通过残余应力测试仪Stress3000测试了不同工艺处理U75V重轨钢表面残余应力,利用Sinco Tec疲劳试验机研究了残余应力对疲劳裂纹扩展速率的影响,并对疲劳断口形貌进行了观察。结果表明:不同工艺处理U75V重轨钢表面残余应力均为压应力,淬火态试样表面平均残余应力大于轧态试样;随退火温度升高和退火时间延长,试样表面残余应力下降明显。随表面残余压应力的增大,疲劳裂纹常数m值逐渐减小,即裂纹扩展速率随着表面残余压应力的增加而减小。断口形貌观察发现表面残余压应力较大时,断口疲劳辉纹更为细小,有利于降低表面疲劳裂纹扩展速率。     

无保护层激光冲击强化的热效应研究

目的 深入理解无保护层激光冲击强化(LSPwC)的物理过程。方法 对轧制TA2纯钛板材进行LSPwC处理,通过激光扫描显微镜、X射线应力仪分析试样的表面形貌和残余应力分布,使用透射电子显微镜分析LSPwC后试样表层的微观组织特征。使用Abaqus软件建立LSPwC过程的热力耦合仿真模型,分析试样温度和应力演变规律。结果 当激光脉冲能量为30 mJ、光斑直径为0.4 mm时,经LSPwC处理后TA2试样表面形成了厚度约为50μm的残余拉应力层,其最大残余压应力达到560 MPa,出现在距表面100μm的次表层;经LSPwC处理后TA2试样表面产生了超细马氏体晶,距表面100μm的微观组织表现为高密度位错缠结。随着激光脉冲能量和光斑直径的增大,激光热效应的持续时间增长、热影响深度增大,经LSPwC处理后TA2试样的残余压应力层深度增大。在LSPwC过程中,距表面10.2μm以内深度层的冷却速度超过10⁶℃/s,但冷却速度随着脉冲能量和光斑直径的增大而减小。结论 在LSPwC过程中,激光热效应和激光诱导冲击波作用,导致试样表层迅速升温,并发生塑性变形,然后快速降温,形成...     

淬火冷却介质流速对弧齿锥齿轮渗碳淬火热处理的影响

使用流体动力学软件CFX求解淬火槽内淬火冷却介质流场分布,提出了考虑介质流速影响下弧齿锥齿轮不同表面换热系数的表征方法。建立基于多场耦合软件DEFORM-HT的扩散与相变模型,采用数值分析方法反馈介质流速对弧齿锥齿轮冷却特性的影响,给出了齿面、内/外圈和齿轮底面在不同介质流速下温度、马氏体体积分数、硬度及应力的演化规律。结果表明:介质入口流速越快,齿面冷却速率、马氏体体积分数及硬度越高;介质入口流速为1.5 m/s时,内/外圈冷却速率、马氏体体积分数及硬度达到极大值;介质入口流速为2.0 m/s时,齿轮底面冷却速率、马氏体体积分数及硬度达到极大值;介质入口流速对应力状态影响较小,流速越快的部位应力变化幅度及残余应力越大。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

A STUDY OF TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT VALENCE BOND STRUCTURE OF TITANIUM

On the basis of energy and shape method for the determination of the valence bond (VB) structures of crystal, the valence bond structure of titanium is redetermined at room temperature and calculated in the whole temperature range of 0-1943K. The outer shell electronic distribution of Ti is e_c~(2.9907) · (s_c~(0.4980) d_c~(2.4927)) ef1.0093 in crystal. The temperature dependences of the VB structures of hcp and bcc phases are the same. The VB structures of hcp and bcc phases monotonically increase or decrease with the increase in temperature, but show discontinuous changes at the phase-transformation temperature 1155K.