PAN基静电纺纳米纤维毡的预氧化、碳化研究

对PAN基静电纺纳米纤维毡进行了预氧化和碳化研究.通过热重分析仪、电子万能试验机、场发射电镜、傅立叶变换红外-拉曼光谱仪、X衍射仪等分析手段对纳米纤维毡、预氧化纤维毡和碳纤维毡进行了表征,研究了热处理过程中聚丙烯腈纳米纤维毡的失重、力学性能变化和结构变化等.     

活性碳纤维及其制品的制备

本文为了探求聚丙烯腈基活性碳纤维及其制品的生产工艺 ,分别采用聚丙烯腈纤维(PANF)与粘胶纤维 (VF)混纺制毡 ,再经预氧化 ,以及采用聚丙烯腈预氧化纤维 (OPANF)纯纺两种方法制备预氧化纤维毡 (非织造布 ) ,然后对预氧化纤维毡采用水蒸气活化法活化制得聚丙烯腈基活性碳纤维 (PAN ACF)。     

PS/PAN嵌段共聚物静电纺纳米纤维及其衍生物的吸附性

通过静电纺丝技术制备PS/PAN嵌段共聚物纳米纤维毡,主要研究制备过程中PS/PAN浓度、电压、收集距离等对PS/PAN纳米纤维形貌、尺寸的影响,分析静电纺PS/PAN纳米纤维毡及其水解衍生物对镍、铅离子和阳离子染料的吸附性。结果表明,合适电纺条件为PS/PAN嵌段共聚物浓度8%、电压20kV、收集距离10cm;PS/PAN嵌段共聚物纳米纤维毡水解衍生物对镍、铅离子和阳离子染料有较好的吸附性。     

静电纺丝聚丙烯腈基杂化复合纤维制备及其应用研究现状

聚丙烯腈是用于静电纺丝的主要高分子聚合物原料,采用静电纺丝技术制备聚丙烯腈基杂化复合纤维,或再经预氧化炭化制备纳米碳纤维的研究已取得了许多有意义的成果.为了对静电纺丝制备聚丙烯腈基有机无机杂化复合微纳米纤维及其碳纤维更深入的了解,介绍了静电纺丝的相关基本原理和技术进展.对以聚丙烯腈为主要聚合物原料,添加或不添加其他有机...     

炭纳米纤维在接近室温下对低浓度NO的催化氧化（英文）

采用聚丙烯腈(PAN)作为静电纺丝前驱体,通过静电纺丝法制备了炭纳米纤维,经预氧化和炭化处理,得到了孔隙率高、比表面积大的PAN基炭纳米纤维(PCNFs)。通过控制前驱体溶液的浓度,可以得到不同直径的PCNFs。制备的样品在室温(20℃)下能去除低浓度的NO (5×10~(-5))。结果表明,炭纳米纤维的微观结构可以影响其对NO的催化性能。CNFs直径越小,微孔越发达,比表面积越大,吸附和催化氧化效果越好。     

聚丙烯腈基中空碳纤维的制备及电化学性能研究

通过静电纺丝法制备含有添加剂多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)和氯化锌(ZnCl2)的有序排列聚丙烯腈(PAN)基中空微纳米纤维,经预氧化、碳化和酸化处理后得到多孔PAN基中空碳纤维。通过场发射扫描电子显微镜观察表明,MWCNTs增加了PAN基碳纤维的表面粗糙度,而ZnCl2增加了纤维表面的孔洞结构。由吸附仪测试碳纤维的比表面积发现,多孔PAN/MWCNTs/ZnCl2碳纤维(两中空)的比表面积达到356.8m2/g,是PAN碳纤维的3.7倍。由循环伏安曲线看出,多孔PAN/MWCNTs碳纤维(两中空)较PAN碳纤维具有更好的电容性能。     

聚丙烯腈纳米纤维膜连续预氧化碳化过程中的结构性能演变

对静电纺丝制备的聚丙烯腈（PAN）纳米纤维膜进行连续预氧化碳化处理,借助差示扫描量热仪、红外光谱、扫描电镜、元素分析、拉曼光谱、体密度、力学性能等表征和测试方法,综合分析了纳米纤维膜在预氧化碳化过程中的结构性能演变。研究结果表明,相较于微米级的PAN聚合体,纳米纤维具有更低的环化活化能,当氧化纳米纤维的氧含量为8.3%时,得到的碳纳米纤维膜综合性能较佳,其密度、碳收率和拉伸强度分别为1.799 g/cm³,59.8%和29.6MPa。     

脒端基对聚丙烯腈原丝氧碳化行为的影响

以偶氮二异丁脒盐酸盐(AIBA)、偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂,分别制备了具有不同端基结构的丙烯腈与衣康酸共聚物PAN-AIBA和PAN-AIBN,采用湿法纺丝技术制备PAN原丝。采用两种梯度升温方式对PAN原丝进行热稳定化处理,对优选的预氧化纤维进行高温碳化制得碳纤维。采用多种手段表征纤维结构与组成的变化规律。结果表明,脒端基可提高PAN预氧纤维的相对环化率,使其氧含量和体密度平稳增长,因此有利于预氧化纤维的结构调控。PAN-AIBA基碳纤维的皮芯结构差异小于PAN-AIBN基碳纤维,与其相对温和的热稳定化行为相符。     

工艺参数对喷气式静电纺的产量和纳米纤维形貌的影响

以提高PAN纳米纤维的产量为目的,根据喷气静电纺丝的原理,设计了一种新型静电纺丝装置。研究了不同通气速度、溶液输入速度、电压等工艺参数对纳米纤维毡的产量和面积的影响。研究发现,该静电纺丝装置极大地提高了纳米纤维的产量,使产量达到普通针头产量的二十倍以上。通过研究电压对纳米纤维毡的产量和面积以及纳米纤维的微观形貌的影响,发现纳米纤维的产量随电压的增加而增加,在电压为33kv时达到最大值;纳米纤维的形貌随着电压增加,直径从528.42nm减小到243.25nm,标准偏差从43.25%减小到28.02%。当通气速度为800ml/min,溶液输入速度为8ml/h,纺丝电压为33kv时,纳米纤维毡的产量达到最大值2.8g/h。     

碳纳米纤维膜的制备及表面浸润性研究

采用静电纺丝法制备聚丙烯腈纳米纤维膜,经不同温度预氧化和碳化后得到碳纳米纤维膜(CNFM),通过FTIR、TG、XRD、SEM、RAMAM等表征手段探究了预氧化和碳化过程中纤维膜结构的变化,并考察了不同阶段纤维膜的表面浸润性.研究表明:PAN纤维膜预氧化温度选定在270～290℃范围较为合适;随碳化温度的升高,碳纳米纤维(CNFs)的类石墨层状结构有序化提高,石墨层间距减小;碳化膜的最大接触角可达158.3°±1.0°,表面呈现超疏水性.     

Characterization of polyacrylonitrile based carbon nanofiber mats via electron beam processing

The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of electron beam irradiation to drive stabilization reactions within PAN nanofiber mats to obtain carbon nanofiber mats. PAN nanofiber mats with fiber diameters of 300-400 nm were prepared via an electrospinning method. Electrospun PAN nanofiber mats were stabilized by electron beam irradiation with various doses up to 5,000 kGy. Using the irradiation-stabilized PAN nanofiber mats, carbon nanofibers were obtained by pyrolysis in a tube furnace for 1 h at 1,000 degrees C under an N2 atmosphere. FT-IR analysis indicated that the transformation of C[triple bond]N groups to C==N groups was accelerated by electron beam stabilization. The thermal behavior of the PAN nanofiber mats was studied using DSC and TGA. DSC thermograms showed that the peak temperatures of the exothermic reactions were found to decrease with increasing electron beam irradiation doses. Irradiation-stabilized PAN nanofiber mats were not observed to dramatically decrease in weight between 290 degrees C and 320 degrees C, an observation presumed to be related to cyclization. The char yields of PAN were found to increase with increasing irradiation doses.     

Synthesis and characterization of conductive core-shell polyacrylonitrile-polypyrrole nanofibers

Nonwoven polyacrylonitrile-polypyrrole (PAN-PPy) core-shell nanofiber mats were prepared through the growth of PPy layers on electrospun PAN nanofibers via a two-step vapor-phase polymerization, i.e., the wet-coating of ferric tosylate (FeTos) oxidants on PAN nanofibers followed by exposure to pyrrole monomers in the gas phase. Under the conditions ([FeTos] = 10 wt%, reaction time = 15 min, temperature = 15 degrees C), the PPy polymerization procedure led to both a uniform coating over the PAN surface with an average thickness of 18 nm and cross-linkages among the nanofibers without a noticeable change in the highly porous nanofibrous structures. The oxidant concentration and polymerization time were found to be key parameters for achieving a good nanostructured core-shell fiber mat. FT-IR, XPS, XRD and conductivity measurements confirmed the synthesis of Tos-doped PPy with some degree of crystallinity and a high conductivity.     

Analysis of optical properties of TiO2 nanoparticles and PAN/TiO2 composite nanofibers

The aim of the study was the production of thin composite nanofibrous mats PAN/TiO₂ nanoparticles using the electrospinning method from solution of PAN/TiO2/DMF. TiO₂ nanoparticles were obtained using sol-gel method. To prepare sol mixture, organic alkoxides precursor of titanium isopropoxide and water solution were used. Calcination of TiO-gel and following milling were carried out to obtain nanoparticles of TiO₂ rutile phase. In order to analyze the structure of the obtained particles, we used X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). Analysis of the morphology and chemical composition of the resulting composite nanofibers were carried out using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) with EDS. The analysis of the optical properties and the energy band structure prepared nanoparticles and thin composite nanofibrous mats were determined by spectral analysis of the absorbance as a function of the energy of radiation obtained using a UV–Vis spectrophotometer.     

The effect of embedded carbon nanotubes on the morphological evolution during the carbonization of poly(acrylonitrile) nanofibers

Hybrid nanofibers with different concentrations of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in polyacrylonitrile (PAN) were fabricated using the electrospinning technique and subsequently carbonized. The morphology of the fabricated carbon nanofibers (CNFs) at different stages of the carbonization process was characterized by transmission electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The polycrystalline nature of the CNFs was shown, with increasing content of ordered crystalline regions having enhanced orientation with increasing content of MWCNTs. The results indicate that embedded MWCNTs in the PAN nanofibers nucleate the growth of carbon crystals during PAN carbonization.     

Jet Shaping Nanofibers and the Collection of Nanofiber Mats in Electrospinning

Electrospinning is an effective way to produce nanofibers. The concentration or the corresponding viscosity of the spin solution is one of the most important variables to control the fiber morphology in electrospinning. Jet shaping nanofibers might be divided in two operating modes for different solution viscosity： split thinning and single thinning. From the analysis of jet single thinning, an equation to calculate the velocity of nanofibers depositing on the collector was educed and it was found that the velocity range was very different from the reported result. For the electrospun mats obtained from low solution concentration, the split is observed by scanning electron microscopy （SEM） images. On the other hand, the beads formation in the nanofiber mats can be explained well by jet splitting. The arrangement of nanofibers in the mats is related to the methods of collection, and the cylinder collector gets more ordered mats. This result is proved by so-called break strengths testing and SEM images of the mats obtained from different methods of collection.     

Preparation and characterization of silica nanoparticulate-polyacrylonitrile composite and porous nanofibers

In this study, polyacrylonitrile (PAN) composite nanofibers containing different amounts of silica nanoparticulates have been obtained via electrospinning. The surface morphology, thermal properties and crystal structure of PAN/silica nanofibers are characterized using attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, wide-angle x-ray diffraction (WAXD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results indicate that the addition of silica nanoparticulates affects the structure and properties of the nanofibers. In addition to PAN/silica composite nanofibers, porous PAN nanofibers have been prepared by selective removal of the silica component from PAN/silica composite nanofibers using hydrofluoric (HF) acid. ATR-FTIR and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) experiments validate the removal of silica nanoparticulates by HF acid, whereas SEM and TEM results reveal that the porous nanofibers obtained from composite fibers with higher silica contents exhibited more nonuniform surface morphology. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area of porous PAN nanofibers made from PAN/silica (5?wt%) composite precursors is higher than that of pure nonporous PAN nanofibers.     

Crosslinking of electrospun polyacrylonitrile/hydroxyethyl cellulose composite nanofibers

The electrospinning of polyacrylonitrile (PAN)/hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) was performed with glutaraldehyde as a cross linker to fabricate highly hydrophile nanofibers. The concentration of the spinning solution and the ratio of HEC/PAN were varied and adjusted to get smooth nanofibers. The nanofibers were characterized by SEM, FT-IR and contact angle. SEM images showed that the scope of the diameters was 100–300 nm. The nanofibers became thick with the ratio of the HEC/PAN increasing. FT-IR indicated that there could be interactions between HEC and PAN. Contact angle measurement revealed that the increased ratio of HEC and the crosslinking led improvement in the hydrophilicity of PAN/HEC composite nanofibers.     

Electrospinning of amphipathic chitosan nanofibers for surgical implants application

Novel amphipathic derivative of chitosan (carboxymethyl-hexanoyl chitosan, CHC) was made into mats of nanofibers (approximately 100 nm) via electrospinning. The resulting mats were further cross-linked with genipin. The morphology of CHC nanofibers was examined using a field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). The optimum parameters of CHC nanofiber was achieved when the CHC concentration was 4 wt% and electrospinning was conducted with a voltage of 20 kV over a distance of 10 cm. The characterizations of biocompatibility, hemocompatibility, and anti-bacterial activity of the nanofibers were also investigated. The results show that CHC nanofibers still preserved antibacterial activity and thrombogeneicity owing to those residual amino groups of chitosan and exhibit high biocompatibility for L929 fibroblast test. Thus CHC exhibited the potential to serve as a novel wound dressing and surgical implants application by these advanced features.     

Growth of carbon nanostructures on carbonized electrospun nanofibers with palladium nanoparticles

This paper studies the mechanism of the formation of carbon nanostructures on carbon nanofibers with Pd nanoparticles by using different carbon sources. The carbon nanofibers with Pd nanoparticles were produced by carbonizing electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers including Pd(Ac)(2). Such PAN-based carbon nanofibers were then used as substrates to grow hierarchical carbon nanostructures. Toluene, pyridine and chlorobenzine were employed as carbon sources for the carbon nanostructures. With the Pd nanoparticles embedded in the carbonized PAN nanofibers acting as catalysts, molecules of toluene, pyridine or chlorobenzine were decomposed into carbon species which were dissolved into the Pd nanoparticles and consequently grew into straight carbon nanotubes, Y-shaped carbon nanotubes or carbon nano-ribbons on the carbon nanofiber substrates. X-ray diffraction analysis and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were utilized to capture the mechanism of formation of Pd nanoparticles, regular carbon nanotubes, Y-shaped carbon nanotubes and carbon nano-ribbons. It was observed that the Y-shaped carbon nanotubes and carbon nano-ribbons were formed on carbonized PAN nanofibers containing Pd-nanoparticle catalyst, and the carbon sources played a crucial role in the formation of different hierarchical carbon nanostructures.     

Effect of plasma treatment on surface chemical-bonding states and electrical properties of polyacrylonitrile nanofibers

Electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers were subjected to surface modification by atmospheric pressure (AP) plasma treatment with reactive gases. There was no damage to the surfaces after this plasma treatment, and no significant changes were observed in the morphologies of the nanofibers. The surface energies of O₂- and N₂-plasma-treated PAN (abbreviated as OPP and NPP, respectively) nanofibers increased by almost 138.7% and 190.6%, respectively, in comparison with that of an untreated nanofiber (256.6 mJ/m²). The binding energies of both OPP and NPP samples increased through the formation of many hydrophilic bonds involving oxygen. The current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of the nanofibers were determined for the different reactive gases, and the plasma-treated nanofibers showed higher protein immobilization compared to the untreated ones. This result indicates that electrospun PAN nanofibers have the potential to be used in protein biosensor systems.