K424合金的高温氧化行为和红外发射率研究

采用静态恒温氧化增质法测定了镍基高温合金K424在600～800℃温度范围内的氧化动力学曲线.结果表明,氧化动力学曲线遵循抛物线规律.EDXS分析表明,K424合金氧化膜的主要成分是Ni和Al的氧化物,此外还有少量Cr,Ti的氧化物.通过SR5000光谱辐射计量仪测量合金的红外发射率.结果表明,合金的表面状态、氧化时间,氧化温度对红外发射率均有较大影响.     

真空热处理后Ni-Co-W-Ta-Al-Cr-Mo-Re-Nb-Hf系镍基单晶高温合金表面的氧化状态分析

将Ni-Co-W-Ta-Al-Cr-Mo-Re-Nb-Hf系镍基单晶高温合金试样在真空炉中完成固溶和时效真空热处理,由于设备状态或是其他原因造成试样表面存在不同程度的氧化(即表现出不同的氧化色),利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和能谱分析对不同氧化色的单晶高温合金试样表面氧化微观组织和氧化物成分进行观察和测试。结果表明:单晶高温合金试样随着氧化程度的加深表面氧化物的组织状态和成分存在不同程度的变化,对于该氧化问题应详细分析原因并对症处理,最终才能获得表面质量满足要求的单晶高温合金制件。     

真空热处理条件下镍基高温合金的表面反应和润湿行为

用俄歇谱仪对真空热处理条件下镍基高温合金的表面成分进行分析,利用润湿测量系统研究了Ni-15Cr-3.5B合金熔体在镍基合金基片上的润湿行为。结果表明,镍基高温合金基片表面有一层氧化铝膜,该氧化膜在真空加热时的厚度增加;Ni-15Cr-3.5B熔态合金润湿镍基合金基片时,氧化膜开裂,熔化的合金渗过裂缝,在氧化膜下铺展,具有良好的润湿性。     

镍基高温合金Al-Si渗层高温氧化表面形貌分析

采用无机盐料浆法在镍基高温合金表面制备了Al-Si渗层.依据GB/T13303-91<钢的抗高温氧化性能测定方法>标准,用静态增重的试验方法,对制备了Al-Si渗层和未制备渗层的镍基高温合金进行了1 000℃恒温抗氧化性能试验.利用带能谱分析的扫描电镜(SEM/EDX)进行了渗层表面形貌观察和成分测试并用XRD-6000对氧化后的渗层进行相组成分析.研究结果表明:制备了Al-Si渗层的镍基高温合金在高温氧化过程中,渗层表面已转变成致密完整的α-Al2O3氧化膜,且渗层与基体合金的附着性良好,其抗高温氧化性能明显优于未制备渗层的镍基高温合金.     

高Cr镍基单晶合金1050℃的高温氧化性能

采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)及能谱(EDAX)等手段,研究了一种高Cr镍基单晶高温合金在1050℃的高温氧化行为.结果表明,氧化初期合金增重迅速,氧化增重不遵循抛物线规律,表面氧化膜出现剥落,氧化过程由形成Al2O3和Cr2O3所控制.高温氧化期间,合金发生明显的外氧化和内氧化,外氧化膜Cr2O3和(Ni,Co)Cr2O4组成,内氧化物为Al2O3.在内氧化物上方出现贫Al富Ta区,元素贫化区尺寸随时间的延长而增大,富Ta相抑制基体中Al向外扩散,并抑制氧化膜生长.     

稀土元素Y和Ce对定向凝固镍基高温合金高温氧化行为的影响

用热重法研究稀土元素Y和Ce对定向凝固镍基高温合金DZ444高温氧化行为的影响,用X射线衍射仪和扫描电镜等观察和分析氧化膜组成和形貌。结果表明:合金在700、850和950℃下的恒温氧化动力学均符合抛物线规律,稀土元素的添加对其无影响;然而,添加稀土元素使其氧化激活能由257.6 kJ/mol降低至246.8kJ/molDZ444合金氧化膜分为3层:外层为疏松的Cr、TiO和(Cr2的混合物;中间层为Cr内氧化物层为Al。稀土元素未改变合金氧化膜的组成。稀土元素极易偏聚在合金表面,促进保护性Cr膜的形成,从而阻止合金的进一步氧化,并能有效抑制合金的内氧化。     

一种铸造镍基高温合金的氧化行为

利用静态增重法研究了铸造镍基高温合金Ni48Cr28在950~1 150℃温度范围内的氧化动力学,其氧化动力学曲线符合抛物线规律。环境扫描电镜和能谱分析表明,Ni48Cr28合金的氧化膜最外层是比较致密的Mn与Cr氧化物混合层,中间层是性质致密的Cr2O3氧化层,内层是疏松的SiO2。通过研究添加稀土元素的Ni48Cr28在950~1 150℃高温抗氧化性能,结果表明适当的稀土元素能提高合金在950~1 150℃的抗氧化性能。     

脱氧对精密铸造K403镍基合金铸件的影响

通过在K403镍基高温合金真空熔炼过程中添加0.02%的Ca及0.002%的C并于1 650℃保温5min实现充分脱氧。发现未经过脱氧处理的铸件表面易出现裂纹而导致铸件报废。而经脱氧后成形的镍基高温合金精密铸件外部未观察到裂纹且内部夹杂物明显减少。通过扫描电镜及电子探针表征铸件的微观形貌,发现未经脱氧处理的铸件内部氧化物夹杂较多且易偏聚于裂纹周围,而经脱氧处理后的铸件内部夹杂物密度明显降低。     

新型Co-Al-W合金高温氧化行为研究

研究了γ′-Co3(Al,W)相沉淀强化的新型钴基高温合金,Co-Al-W抗高温氧化性能。利用SEM、EPMA、XRD等方法研究了新型Co-Al-W合金在800℃和900℃空气中静态氧化增重动力学和抗高温氧化机理,并与镍基高温合金Manaurite900相比较。研究发现,在800℃氧化时,9.8W合金抗氧化能力最强,但在900℃时,9.8W和7.5W合金的增重最大,Manaurite900和10.7W的抗氧化能力最好。合金在2种温度下氧化后,表面氧化膜主要由三层构成,即Co氧化物Co3O4组成的氧化膜最外层,Co、Al、W复杂氧化物组成的中间过渡层及Al和Co氧化物组成的氧化膜最内层。     

超音速颗粒轰击处理对MCrAlY涂层氧化行为的影响

采用等离子喷涂(atmospheric plasma spraying,APS)技术在镍基高温合金(GH99)上沉积MCrAlY粘结涂层,并进行超音速颗粒轰击处理.研究超音速颗粒轰击工艺对MCrAlY涂层高温氧化性能的影响.利用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、辉光光谱仪对涂层的氧化物演化过程进行观察和分析.结果表明,表面超音速颗粒轰击处理后,涂层表面所生成的氧化物较细小,能快速形成致密连续的氧化膜,保护了粘结层中其它元素的进一步氧化,避免了Ni(Cr,Al)2O4等大颗粒氧化物的形成,延缓了涂层中裂纹的产生和扩展,有效地改善了涂层抗高温氧化性能.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

A STUDY OF TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT VALENCE BOND STRUCTURE OF TITANIUM

On the basis of energy and shape method for the determination of the valence bond (VB) structures of crystal, the valence bond structure of titanium is redetermined at room temperature and calculated in the whole temperature range of 0-1943K. The outer shell electronic distribution of Ti is e_c~(2.9907) · (s_c~(0.4980) d_c~(2.4927)) ef1.0093 in crystal. The temperature dependences of the VB structures of hcp and bcc phases are the same. The VB structures of hcp and bcc phases monotonically increase or decrease with the increase in temperature, but show discontinuous changes at the phase-transformation temperature 1155K.