基于WEB的城市三维建模与可视化方法探讨

基于WEB的城市三维建模与可视化包括三个部分：城市三维数据，模型的构造及显示程序，与用户的交互。本文探讨了现有的建模方法及基于不同网络模型下的数字城市三维可视化的途径。通过研究提出了采用传统建模和基于图像的三维建模相结合的方法来构造数字城市的立体模型，以及将VRML与JAVA相结合实现用户虚拟城市动态漫游的技术。     

基于VRML-Java的网络虚拟现实的实现

受到网络速度的限制,传统的网页只能显示文本和图片等二维信息,而网络虚拟现实技术把交互的、逼真的虚拟三维场景引入网络.虚拟现实建模语言（VRML）是一种在互联网上构筑三维虚拟场景的语言标准,通过VRML脚本节点及Java小应用程序实现了用户与虚拟场景更好的交互,并通过Java数据库连接（JDBC）,系统实现了三维场景与二维信息的集成.     

CNLs for the semantic web: a state of the art

One of the core challenges for building the semantic web is the creation of ontologies, a process known as ontology authoring. Controlled natural languages (CNLs) propose different frameworks for interfacing and creating ontologies in semantic web systems using restricted natural language. However, in order to engage non-expert users with no background in knowledge engineering, these language interfacing must be reliable, easy to understand and accepted by users. This paper includes the state-of-the-art for CNLs in terms of ontology authoring and the semantic web. In addition, it includes a detailed analysis of user evaluations with respect to each CNL and offers analytic conclusions with respect to the field.     

基于Web服务的程序设计新思路

组件技术现已对国内外软件产业产生了深远的影响，然而原有的程序设计方法在业已存在的众多组件面前效率低下，产生了大量的资源浪费。提出的基于服务的程序设计（PBOS）就是一种充分利用分散的组件资源和硬件资源构建新型软件的方法，PBOS建立在以Web服务组件为代表的组件技术的松散性和异构性的特点之上，并充分考虑其零散分布性和组件的相对独立性，构建出一种跨域，甚至跨国进行组件搭建的基本方法，大大提高了组件资源和硬件资源的可重用性。     

Sound information seeking in Web 2.0 virtual communities: the moderating effect of mindfulness

Virtual communities are a group of Internet-based applications that build on the ideological and technological foundations of Web 2.0. Information seeking has been demonstrated to be a main motivator driving web use. Given the challenge brought by quality in the early stage, the healthy development of virtual communities relies on sound information seekers. Mindfulness, which is regarded as a psychological state of consciousness, is an important factor for individuals to make a sound decision. This study develops a research model by extending the updated information systems success model with the consideration of the moderating effect of mindfulness. Data collected from users of virtual communities were used to test the model. The findings suggest that mindfulness negatively moderates the effects of information quality, system quality and service quality on perceived usefulness, which further impacts information seeking in virtual communities. The findings and the implications for theory and practice are discussed.     

Community building among deaf and hard of hearing people by using written language on social networking sites

Since D/deaf and hard-of-hearing users of social networking sites (SNSs) may have communication specificities in comparison to hearing people, we proposed a model for understanding what factors affect building online communities. The model includes written language skills, the frequency of written communication, online Deaf and hearing identity, and the tendency for community building. One-hundred-and-sixty-two German D/deaf and hard-of-hearing users completed an online questionnaire in German sign and written language. Evaluation of the model with structural equation modelling revealed three main findings. Firstly, identification with the hearing online world has a positive effect on written language skills, the frequency of written communication on SNSs and indirectly on the tendency to build online communities. Secondly, the frequency of written communication has a positive effect on the tendency to build community. Thirdly, a positive effect of online Deaf identity on the frequency of written communication was found. Our findings may aid in understanding that, despite possible technological constraints, both D/deaf and hard-of-hearing people communicate on SNSs in written language more frequently due to their identification either with the Deaf or hearing online world which results in an increased tendency to build online communities.     

PGSW-OS: a novel approach for resource management in a semantic web operating system based on a P2P grid architecture

A web operating system is an operating system that users can access from any hardware at any location. A peer-to-peer (P2P) grid uses P2P communication for resource management and communication between nodes in a grid and manages resources locally in each cluster, and this provides a proper architecture for a web operating system. Use of semantic technology in web operating systems is an emerging field that improves the management and discovery of resources and services. In this paper, we propose PGSW-OS (P2P grid semantic Web OS), a model based on a P2P grid architecture and semantic technology to improve resource management in a web operating system through resource discovery with the aid of semantic features. Our approach integrates distributed hash tables (DHTs) and semantic overlay networks to enable semantic-based resource management by advertising resources in the DHT based upon their annotations to enable semantic-based resource matchmaking. Our model includes ontologies and virtual organizations. Our technique decreases the computational complexity of searching in a web operating system environment. We perform a simulation study using the Gridsim simulator, and our experiments show that our model provides enhanced utilization of resources, better search expressiveness, scalability, and precision.     

虚拟企业信息基础结构的构建

敏捷制造依赖虚拟企业这种组织形式来实现。该文分析了在敏捷制造中包含的信息来源、信息类型及信息特点等,从虚拟企业运作的信息需求出发,明确构建支持虚拟企业运作的信息基础结构需要解决的问题,在分析总结现有信息技术的基础上,提出其构建方案。     

Creating recommendations on electronic books: A collaborative learning implicit approach

Recommender systems appear among other reasons with the purpose to improve web information overload and ease information recovery. This kind of systems aid users to find contents in a non-difficult way and with minimal effort. Even though, a great number of these systems performance requires contents to be explicitly rated in order to determine user’s interest. When interacting with electronic books this performance may alter users reading and understanding patterns as they are asked to stop reading and rate the content. Therefore, the analysis of user behavior, preferences and reading background can be considered suitable for a recommender system to build collective web knowledge in a collaborative learning context. This way, recommender system can assist users in finding contents of their interest without explicit rating based on previous constructed knowledge. The goal of this research is to propose an architecture to build a content recommendation platform based on eBook reading user behavior, allowing users to learn about the digital content collaboratively. This platform is formed by web readers’ community that aids members in finding contents of their interest in an automatic way and with minimal effort.     

Affinity-aware modeling of CPU usage with communicating virtual machines

Use of virtualization in Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) environments provides benefits to both users and providers: users can make use of resources following a pay-per-use model and negotiate performance guarantees, whereas providers can provide quick, scalable and hardware-fault tolerant service and also utilize resources efficiently and economically. With increased acceptance of virtualization-based systems, an important issue is that of virtual machine migration-enabled consolidation and dynamic resource provisioning. Effective resource provisioning can result in higher gains for users and providers alike. Most hosted applications (for example, web services) are multi-tiered and can benefit from their various tiers being hosted on different virtual machines. These mutually communicating virtual machines may get colocated on the same physical machine or placed on different machines, as part of consolidation and flexible provisioning strategies. In this work, we argue the need for network affinity-awareness in resource provisioning for virtual machines. First, we empirically quantify the change in CPU resource usage due to colocation or dispersion of communicating virtual machines for both Xen and KVM virtualization technologies. Next, we build models based on these empirical measurements to predict the change in CPU utilization when transitioning between colocated and dispersed placements. Due to the modeling process being independent of virtualization technology and specific applications, the resultant model is generic and application-agnostic. Via extensive experimentation, we evaluate the applicability of our models for synthetic and benchmark application workloads. We find that the models have high prediction accuracy — maximum prediction error within 2% absolute CPU usage.     

基于Web服务的多Agent企业协同信息搜集系统研究

将Agent技术应用于电子商务可以为用户和商家提供从资源智能发现,到在网上虚拟市场进行交易等一系列个性化服务,它能够协助用户寻找,消化所播的网络信息.根据智能体特有的特性与Web服务结合,使Web服务具有一定的智能性,能够按照任务特点设置意图和承诺,直到完成供需服务.而web服务技术又使Agent实现了跨企业的交互,Agent无需考虑企业系统平台的异构情况,实时协调Web服务,从而达到企业协同信息搜集的目的.     

基于资源状态和角色访问控制的网格授权方法

提出了一种基于资源状态和角色访问控制的授权方案，该方案利用授权服务器信息扩展网格信息服务，将资源站点本地角色作为访问目标资源，加入到授权服务器策略库中，支持对虚拟组织(VO)外用户的授权，并实现了基于资源当前负载状态的细粒度授权。实验表明，在大规模VO中，该方案能够优化授权速度，缓解授权服务器访问的瓶颈问题。     

基于任务—资源分配图的虚拟企业伙伴优选算法

针对时间成本均衡的虚拟企业伙伴选择问题, 建立了统一描述虚拟企业过程和资源的项目配置图, 并以任务—资源分配图作为调度模型, 采用基于相对费效比的启发式算法迭代求解。算法考虑了虚拟伙伴的制造和转运时间及费用, 在保证截止期约束的同时能有效降低总成本。实际算例和大量模拟实验证明了该方法能有效降低获取优化方案的运算时间。     

ContextGrid: A contextual mashup-based collaborative browsing system

Due to a large amount of resources (i.e., information and knowledge) available on world wide web, it has been more difficult for users to effectively find relevant web resources. Most of the current web browsing methods and systems have been investigated to apply adaptive approaches which can extract personal contexts (e.g., interests and preferences) of the users. In this paper, we propose a contextual mashup-based collaborative browsing (co-browsing) platform, called ContextGrid, for providing online users with various knowledge sharing services. Particularly, the proposed mashup scheme can integrate heterogeneous pieces of information collected by various Open APIs, and assist the users to decide which partners should be selected for mutual collaborations. In order to evaluate the proposed mashup-based method, we have implemented a co-browsing platform which can exchange bookmarks, and measured whether the contextual mashup scheme makes a meaningful influence on improving the performance of the co-browsing process with multiple users.     

Communication with users: insights from second language acquisition

The paper addresses the question of how an English language user interface will be understood by users from different linguistic and cultural backgrounds and provides some answers from the study of second language acquisition and the practice of language teaching and learning. It is accepted that for a number of reasons, translation of an English interface into other languages is not always feasible or appropriate. Existing knowledge of language learning problems and solutions can be applied to the design of English language interfaces so that they are more accessible to non-native speakers. The present article categorises language-related problems, gives examples in each category, and provides a set of guidelines. The conclusion reached is that making word collocations and co-occurrences visible and available is the key to building in sufficient verbal context for understanding—a measure which will also be helpful to native speakers of English.     

Easy Development and Integration of Science Gateways with Vine Toolkit

Science Gateways are web portal environments targeted for a given community and dedicated to specific scientific needs. Scientists require a different set of tools, applications, visualizations, data integration patterns, to be able to satisfy unique requirements of different research domains. To enable users to benefit from remote computational and storage resources, a web portal framework should support an easy integration and access to the e-Infrastructure. In this paper we present results of our research and development activities leading to the release of the Vine Toolkit framework integrated with Adobe Flex/BlazeDs technologies. It offers a set of unified and abstract APIs for different Grid middleware and a rich graphic presentation layer. Additionally, it automates the integration process with portal frameworks, such as Liferay or GridSphere. Vine Toolkit introduces a concept of subprojects which extend core APIs or define new low level components and web applications. This way, a Science Gateway prototyping process is definitely shortened. Consequently, it allows programmers to build software components that can be reused in a simple manner for different Science Gateways.     

基于Web Services的协同制造资源集成的研究

协同制造是适应网络经济和知识经济的先进制造模式,它强调企业间的协作和全社会范围内的资源共享,并以此实现产品设计制造的低成本和高效率的目标。本文采用Web本体语言(OWL)建立了基于Web Services的协同制造资源集成框架。     

Joint study on VMs deployment,assignment and migration in geographically distributed data centers

Enterprises build private clouds to provide IT resources for geographically distributed subsidiaries or product divisions. Public cloud providers like Amazon lease their platforms to enterprise users, thus, enterprises can also rent a number of virtual machines (VMs) from their data centers in the service provider networks. Unfortunately, the network cannot always guarantee stable connectivity for their clients to access the VMs or low-latency transfer among data centers. Usually, both latency and bandwidth are in unstable network environment. Being affected by background traffics, the network status can be volatile. To reduce the latency uncertainty of client accesses, enterprises should consider the network status when they deploy data centers or rent virtual data centers from cloud providers. In this paper, we first develop a data center deployment and assignment scheme for an enterprise to meet its users’ requirements under uncertain network status. To accommodate to the changes of the network status and users’ demands, a VMs migration-based redeployment scheme is adopted. These two schemes work in a joint way, and lay out a framework to help enterprises make better use of private or public clouds.