生物基尼龙材料改性与应用进展

随着全球石油资源日益匮乏，来源于石油原料的尼龙材料受到严重制约，因此来源于可再生原料的生物基尼龙材料受到广泛关注。本文针对生物基尼龙11、尼龙1010、尼龙610、尼龙510、尼龙410等，从材料改性的角度出发，详细论述了近年来生物基尼龙材料以熔融共混方式在增强、增韧、阻燃、电性能和导热方面的研究与应用进展。文章指出在生物基尼龙改性方面以增强、增韧、阻燃改性研究为主，以尼龙11和尼龙1010为基体的研究最多，其中增强改性中多以木质纤维素、黏土等为增强填料，增韧改性中以马来酸酐改性聚烯烃增韧剂效果最好，阻燃改性中以含磷和三聚氰胺化合物的膨胀型阻燃剂为主。文章总结开发新型生物基尼龙单体、微观结构、共混界面和结晶是该领域未来值得研究的方向。     

橡胶改性道路沥青及其微观结构

介绍了橡胶改性道路沥青以达到高性能的改性技术，主要有废橡胶粉改性技术、丁苯橡胶乳液改性技术、ＳＢＳ改性技术等，各类技术都能有效的提高沥青的路用性能。改性沥表的微观结构研究表明，改性机理是相容性改性、溶胀网络改性、胶体结构变化改性和增强改性等。     

聚乳酸增强增韧功能化改性研究进展

针对增强增韧改性PLA，综述了物理改性和化学接枝改性方法的研究进展，介绍了常用的增强增韧材料及其改性效果，探讨各类增强增韧方法的作用机理。研究表明：改性PLA对改性组分的强度、韧性及体系的相容性均有一定的要求。物理改性方法简单易行，但体系性能不稳定。化学接枝改性可从分子层面设计PLA结构，获得性能更稳定的复合材料。对于化学接枝法，未来研究可注重提高接枝率、减少化学接枝改性的加工程序等方面，制备兼顾材料的强度、韧性、相容性等因素的接枝物，增强增韧PLA。     

室温硫化硅橡胶胶粘剂粘接增强改豫生研究进展

室温硫化硅橡胶胶粘剂很多优异性能使其在电子电器、汽车、机械、建筑、医疗等行业得到广泛应用。但由于其对各种基材的粘接性较差，对其粘接改性研究很多，主要包括交联剂，聚硅氧烷物理化学增强改性和粘接面表面改性等。文章主要从交联剂的选择、树脂的增强改性、粘接面的表面处理三个方面综叙了增强改性机理和国内外研究进展，并提出了未来研究方向。     

改性泥炭对水溶液中铬的去除

为克服泥炭利用过程中存在的一些问题，对原泥炭进行了改性处理，并将改性后的泥炭与树脂结合以增强改性泥炭的机械强度。通过静态试验方法研究了改性泥炭对来自水溶液中的铬离子的吸附特性。结果表明：改性泥炭对水溶液中的铬的吸附等温过程符合Freundlich吸附等温方程，     

增强反应注射成型聚氨酯及其性能研究

以反应注射成型聚氨酯（ＲＩＭ－ＰＵ）为基体树脂，研制了以玻纤增强剂的增强反应注射成型聚氨酯（ＲＲＩＭ－ＰＵ）材料。讨论了原材料及玻纤对ＲＲＩＭ－ＰＵ加工工艺及材料性能的影响。结果表明，以碳化二亚胺改性的异氰酸酯（ＣＭ－ＭＤＩ）和低聚合异氰酸酯改性的异氰酸酯（ＰＡＰＩ）混合物与丙腈－－苯乙烯接枝改性环氧乙烷封端的聚醚二元醇（ＡＰＧ）为主要原料，玻纤长度不大于１．５时，不仅ＲＲＩＭ加工工艺性好，而且Ｒ     

有机累托石改性不饱和聚酯／玻璃纤维复合材料的研究

采用有机累托石改性不饱和聚酯，以改性的不饱和聚酯为基体，以两种玻璃布(EW210、CWR400-90)为增强材料，以两个不同凝胶时间的不饱和聚酯树脂体系制备三种有机累托石改性的不饱和聚酯磁璃纤维复合材料(UPB1、UPB2、UPB3)。测试了不饱和聚酯/玻璃纤维的力学性能；研究了复合材料的耐湿热性及耐介质性能；利用扫描电镜及透射电镜分析了复合材料的增强机理。结果表明，采用有机累托石改性不饱和聚酯所制备的不饱和聚酯／玻璃纤维复合材料的综合力学性能优于纯不饱和聚酯／玻璃纤维复合材料。     

聚乙烯改性的研究进展

本文综述了聚乙烯（PE）的改性方法，包括化学和物理改性。化学改性主要包括交联、接枝和共聚改性。物理改性则包括共混、填充和增强改性。介绍了填充改性时无机填料与聚合物基体之间存在的相容性问题。叙述了各种改性对PE共混体系性能的影响。最后，简介了国内外PE改性新技术的进展。     

聚乙烯增强增韧改性进展

论述刚性无机粒子、纳米材料、晶须、离聚体和聚酯短纤维对聚乙烯的增强增韧改性，以及聚乙烯的自增强增韧行为，并介绍改性聚乙烯的性能和改性机理。     

超高分子量聚乙烯管材的制备及应用

介绍几种可用普通挤出设备生产管材的改性超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE),包括液晶聚合物改性、有机硅树脂改性和层状硅酸盐改性等;并阐述了通过改进挤出工艺和复合增强制备增强UHMWPE管材的工艺方法;以应用实例说明了UHMWPE管材广泛的用途,充分肯定了UHMWPE管材的应用与发展前景。     

TPU/PTW/GF复合材料力学性能的研究

以乙烯-丙烯酸丁酯-甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯三元共聚物(PTW)为相容剂,采用平行同向双螺杆挤出机共混挤出制备了无碱玻璃纤维(GF)增强热塑性聚氨酯弹性体(TPU)复合材料。研究了PTW对GF增强聚酯型TPU和聚醚型TPU复合材料力学性能的影响及其微观形貌特征。结果表明:PTW是GF和TPU的有效相容剂;添加6%PTW的增强TPU复合材料的各项性能较佳;GF含量在20%⁴0%之间时增强效果最为明显;PTW与聚酯型TPU的相容性好于聚醚型TPU;电镜照片显示,复合材料中的GF与基体树脂具有较强的界面作用。     

Effects of glass fiber on the properties of polyoxymethylene/thermoplastic polyurethane/multiwalled carbon nanotube composites

The effects of epoxy‐functionalized glass fiber (GF) on the electrical conductivity, crystallization behavior, thermal stability, and dynamic mechanical properties of polyoxymethylene (POM)/thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)/multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) composites are investigated. The electrical resistivities of POM/5%−20% TPU/1% MWCNT composites are significantly reduced by nine orders of magnitude after the addition of 20% GF because of the formation of TPU‐coated GF structure facilitating the construction of conductive networks. GF has no obvious influence on the crystallization temperature, melting temperature, and degree of crystallinity of POM in POM/TPU/MWCNT composites because of their relatively bigger size compared with POM chains and MWCNTs. The storage moduli of POM/TPU/MWCNT composites are improved by the addition of GF, indicating that POM/TPU/MWCNT/GF composites are promising materials with good electrical and mechanical properties. POLYM. COMPOS., 38:1319–1326, 2017. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers     

IFR对TPU/CPE体系的阻燃作用

采用国产热塑性聚氨酯弹性体（TPU）、氯化聚乙烯（CPE）在TPU／CPE二元共混改性体系的基础上，添加自行复配研制的膨胀型阻燃剂（IFR），对所构成的TPU／CPE／IFR进行了研究。结果表明：TPU／CPE／IFR阻燃体系阻燃性可达到FV—0级（IFR为19.2份），并具有较好的力学性能；该阻燃体系的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率分别保持了TPU／CPE的56％和73％。TPV／CPE／IFR体系随着IFR用量的增加，流动性变好。     

Thermal stability,surface wettability and mechanical behavior of highly ordered ZnO-doped thermoplastic polyurethane films with hierarchically porous structures

In this paper, the effect of ZnO nanoparticle on thermal, microstructure, mechanical behavior, superhydrophobicity of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), ZnO/TPU composite materials with doped-ZnO nanoparticles were obtained via a solution blending method. The results show that the melting temperature region in soft segments of ZnO/TPU composite materials was the transition temperature region. The added ZnO slightly enhances the crystalline slipped of ZnO/TPU composite materials, and effectively hinder the transfer of high temperature small gas molecules. Due to the added ZnO nanoparticles, the microphase separation and ordered structures in TPU are reduced. In TPU, and between TPU and ZnO nanoparticles, there are variations in electron density at hard phase and soft phase interfaces. The good ZnO/TPU composites exhibit high water repellence with water contact angle of ~157°. The prepared ZnO/TPU nanocomposites show mechanical properties that are superior to those of pristine TPU. Tensile strength and storage modulus increase by 47.1% and 39.8% at ZnO loading values of 10 wt%. The results indicate that thermal behavior, microstructure, superhydrophobicity and the mechanical behavior of TPU composite materials can be enhanced by the doped ZnO.     

热塑性聚氨酯弹性体与乙华平橡胶共混物的性能

将聚酯型和聚醚型聚氨酯弹性体(TPU385E,TPU8685)分别与不同乙酸乙烯酯含量的乙华平橡胶(EVM400,EVM700)进行共混,考察了原料种类、共混比对共混物力学性能和耐磨性的影响。结果表明,随着TPU用量的增加,EVM/TPU共混物的拉伸强度、邵尔A硬度、100%定伸应力和300%定伸应力均提高,扯断伸长率下降;随着EVM用量的增加,EVM/TPU共混物的拉伸强度、邵尔A硬度、100%定伸应力和300%定伸应力均降低,扯断伸长率增大;随着TPU用量的增加,EVM/TPU共混物的耐磨性提高;TPU8685/EVM400共混物具有最大的拉伸强度,TPU385E/EVM700共混物具有最大的扯断伸长率,TPU8685/EVM700共混物具有最好的耐磨性;当2种TPU与EVM400质量比都为50/50时,TPU385E/EVM400的耐磨性最差。     

A comparison of thermoplastic polyurethane incorporated with graphene oxide and thermally reduced graphene oxide: Reduction is not always necessary

Despite wide applications of reduced graphene-oxide (GO)-reinforced polymer-based composites, the necessity of the reduction procedure toward GO is still controversial. In this article, thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) composites incorporated with GO and thermally reduced graphene oxide (TGO) were fabricated. GO and TGO exhibited different effects on crystallization behaviors, and mechanical and thermal properties of the TPU matrix. With 2.0 wt % filler loading, TPU composite reinforced by GO (TPU-GO-2 wt %) exhibited better thermal stability than that reinforced by TGO (TPU-TGO-2 wt %). The interfacial interaction between the nanofillers and the TPU matrix as well as their influence on the mobility of TPU chains were investigated, which proved that GO is superior to TGO in improving interface adhesion and maintaining crystallization of the TPU matrix. Compared with TPU-TGO-2 wt %, improved mechanical properties of TPU-GO-2 wt % were also evidenced owing to more oxygen-containing groups. This work demonstrates that the reduction of GO is not always necessary in fabricating polymer composites. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 47745.     

TPU／EPDM共混体系相态与力学性能的研究

从亚微相态和拉伸性能出发，对比了TPU／EPDM和TPU／EPDM／POE－g-MAH多相共混体系。结果发现：当EPDM添加量控制在较为适宜的范围时，由于形成了网状结构，TPU／EPDM体系拉伸强度明显提高。在EPDM添加量为10％时，共混体系的拉伸强度达到最大。还讨论了EPDM的加入对TPU流变性能的影响。     

氟橡胶接枝马来酸酐增容氟橡胶/热塑性聚氨酯共混物的性能

研究了氟橡胶(FKM)接枝马来酸酐(FKM-g-MAH)增容FKM/热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)共混物的物理机械性能及动态力学性能.结果表明,当FKM-g-MAH质量分数为15%时,FKM/TPU共混物的物理机械性能最佳;添加增容剂FKM-g-MAH后,FKM/TPU共混物中FKM和TPU两相的相容性得到改善,且其阻尼性能优于纯FKM.     

Effects of thermoplastic polyurethane on the properties of poly(lactic acid)/organo‐montmorillonite nanocomposites based on novel vane extruder

Polylactic acid (PLA)/organo‐montmorillonite (OMMT) nanocomposites toughened with thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) were prepared by melt‐compounding on a novel vane extruder (VE), which generates global dynamic elongational flow. In this work, the mechanical properties of the PLA/TPU/OMMT nanocomposites were evaluated by tensile, flexural, and tensile tests. The wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy results show that PLA/TPU/OMMT nanocomposites had clear intercalation and/or exfoliation structures. Moreover, the particles morphology of nanocomposites with the addition of TPU was investigated using high‐resolution scanning electronic microscopy. The results indicate that the spherical TPU particles dispersed in the PLA matrix, and the uniformity decreased with increasing TPU content (≤30%). Interestingly, there existed abundant filaments among amount of TPU droplets in composites with 30 and 40 wt% TPU. Furthermore, the thermal properties of the nanocomposites were examined with differential scanning calorimeter and dynamic mechanical analysis. The elongation at break and impact strength of the PLA/OMMT nanocomposites were increased significantly after addition of TPU. Specially, Elongation at break increased by 30 times, and notched impact strength improved 15 times when TPU loading was 40 wt%, compared with the neat PLA. Overall, the modified PLA nanocomposites can have greater application as a biodegradable material with enhanced mechanical properties. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 54:2292–2300, 2014. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Influence of the morphology and viscoelasticity on the thermomechanical properties of poly(lactic acid)/thermoplastic polyurethane blends compatibilized with ethylene-ester copolymer

Viscoelastic, interfacial properties, and morphological data were employed to predict the thermal and mechanical properties of compatibilized poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) blends. The combination of interfacial thickness measured by contact angle and entanglement density determined by dynamical mechanical analysis analyze data was employed to evaluate the mechanical behavior of PLA/TPU blends with and without ethylene-butyl acrylate-glycidyl methacrylate (EBG) compatibilization agent. The PLA/TPU blend (70/30 wt %) was prepared in a Haake internal mixer at 190 °C and compatibilized with different contents of EBG. The evaluation of the interfacial properties revealed an increase in the interfacial layer thickness of the PLA/TPU blend with EBG. The scanning electronic microscopy images showed a drastic reduction in the size of the dispersed phase by increasing the compatibilizer agent EBG content in the blend. The compatibilization of the PLA/TPU blends improved both the Izod impact strength and yield stress by 38 and 33%, respectively, in comparison with neat PLA/TPU blend. The addition of EBG into PLA/TPU blends significantly increased the entanglement density and the PLA toughening but resulted in a decrease of PLA deformation at break. The PLA and TPU glass transitions were affected by the EBG, suggesting that the PLA and TPU domains were partially miscible. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020 , 137, 48926.