纳米打印直接制版技术

在数字成像领域喷墨打印技术作为传统印刷技术的重要组成部分正日益受到关注。本文主要报道一种利用喷墨打印直接制版的技术,即纳米打印直接制版技术(Nano-print to Plate,简称NTP)。此项技术使用的材料包括含纳米粒子的涂布物、纳米复合转印材料及具有纳微结构的铝版基。NTP技术流程:首先将图文信息处理后通过计算机传递到喷墨打印机(制版机)上,喷墨打印机将图文信息打印在已涂布涂层的铝版基上,图文部分由纳米复合转印材料组成,上机印刷时亲油,非图文部分亲水,通过亲油亲水的反差实现图文信息的转印。我们通过研究发现,含纳米粒子的涂布物、纳米复合转印材料和特殊结构的版基有效地改善了版材的浸润性,提高了图像的分辨率。NTP技术不需要曝光显影的处理过程,环保、成本低。所得版材分辨率好、耐印力高。本文的研究结果对印刷制版业具有重要意义。     

PS版版面粘脏产生的原因与分析

根据胶印原理,PS版印版上图文部分亲油,非图文部分亲水。要获得良好的印刷品质,就必须保证图文部分不亲水,非图文部分不出现感脂亲油产生粘脏的现象。要达到上述目的,就必须利用酸和盐类来配制润版液,润版液中的酸性物质同铝版材发生化学反应,在版材表面生成一种亲水的盐层,它具有良好的亲水斥油能力,以保证非图文部分的清洁,而造成PS版版面上的粘脏就     

热敏CTP技术初探

本文系统介绍了各种主要的热敏CTP技术的成像原理和版材，包括：热烧蚀、热交联、热分解、热转移、热致相变化等技术的成像原理和相应版材的结构和性能特点。文中还阐述了热敏CTP技术的各种优势，如：高质量、高时效、低成本、高耐印力等，以及目前尚存在的不足之处，如：版材价格较高、曝光强度高、设备价格昂贵等。尽管如此，由于其综合的优势，目前世界上已安装的CTP系统中，热敏CTP约占一半。     

一种光敏CTP版材成像体系的研究

研究一种有望应用于计算机直接制版（Computerto Plate,CTP）光敏成像版材配方。先以双酚A和甲醛为原料合成一种交联剂,利用IR和TG进行结构表证;将它和一种线性酚醛树脂配制成涂膜液,掺加三嗪类光生酸剂,通过曝光、烤版、显影研究成像过程,并利用膜厚变化和表面亲和性变化研究成像性能。     

甲基丙烯酸叔丁酯与甲基丙烯酸共聚树脂成像性能研究

本研究合成了甲基丙烯酸叔丁酯（TBMA）的均聚物及其与甲基丙烯酸（MAA）、苯乙烯（St）的共聚物,并与二乙烯基醚（BPA-DEVE）和光生酸剂（PAG）构成光敏成像体系。研究了两种不同光生酸剂和不同后烤版温度下体系的成像条件。研究表明：3,4-二甲氧基苯乙烯三嗪（DMOPV-TA）曝光产生的HCl对树脂中TBMA单元的酸解效果较差,但其对羧酸和BPA-DEVE形成的交联结构有较好的解交联效果;三苯胺硫鎓盐（TPASS）曝光产生的三氟甲磺酸对树脂中TBMA单元的酸解及体系解交联都有较好效果;同时,后烤版温度为140℃时成像感度高;在一定范围内,共聚树脂中MAA含量增加,体系的成像感度也增加。     

柔印橡胶版和感光树脂版印刷性能对比实验

目的比较柔印感光树脂版和橡胶版的表面特性,分析影响版材油墨传输性能和图像再现的原因。方法通过表面能、硬度和粗糙度来表征印版的表面特性,制作相同加网线数的2种版材;在相同的印刷条件下,通过分光光度计和显微镜分析2种版材的油墨转移和图文再现特性。结果感光树脂版表面能比橡胶版高,但橡胶版表面粗糙度比感光树脂版大。从印刷效果来看,感光树脂版的油墨转移效果更好,实地油墨密度更高,而橡胶版的网点扩大程度更小。采用UV油墨印刷时,感光树脂版的印刷反差略高,而采用水性油墨印刷时,两者的印刷反差基本相同。此外,橡胶版比感光树脂版可实现更精确的线条和文字。结论针对特定柔性版,可通过分析研究印版的表面特性,为印刷工艺合理选择版材。     

基于正交设计印版弯曲变形对图文径向尺寸影响优化分析

通过正交仿真试验研究印版弯曲变形对图文径向尺寸的影响。 推导出了印版弯曲变形的数学模型,采用正交仿真试验,分析了印版弯曲变形造成图文径向尺寸变化的影响参数,得出了版材厚度是影响图文径向尺寸变化的关键因素,对胶印生产实践有一定指导意义。     

基于有限元法的CTP成像滚筒及版材的数值仿真

利用有限元分析软件ANSYS建立CTP成像滚筒的几何模型与有限元模型,选择接触单元模拟版材和滚筒表面之间的关系,以滚筒本体、滚筒与版材组合以及对滚筒内部吸真空的3种组合下进行有限元静力分析,获得滚筒自身变形对版材影响的大小,以及滚筒内抽吸真空对版材和滚筒变形的影响。结果表明,3种情况下滚筒和版材的最大变形量及位置均有所不同。其中,吸真空组合分析说明,版材在与滚筒表面密合状态下变形情况随从滚筒,滚筒表面的导槽对版材变形会产生一定影响,真实反映了工作状态,研究结果可以为CTP成像滚筒的设计与优化提供理论依据。     

基于酸解型聚甲基丙烯酸酯的化学增幅成像材料及应用

甲基丙烯酸分别与乙烯基乙基醚和二氢吡喃反应得到羧基被保护的酯化物。这些甲基丙烯酸酯单体进行均聚并分别与甲基丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸-2-羟乙酯进行二元共聚。这些聚合物的保护基具有在室温下的高酸解活性,可以和产酸剂（三嗪化合物）、酚醛树脂一起组成化学增幅型感光成像材料,可用作i-线光致抗蚀剂和高感度PS版感光剂,其感度在100mj／cm。以下。此感光体系中加入红外染料即可用作热敏CTP版材成像材料。都获得了很好的成像表现。     

基于酸解型聚甲基丙烯酸酯的化学增幅成像材料及应用

甲基丙烯酸分别与乙烯基乙基醚和二氢吡喃反应得到羧基被保护的酯化物。这些甲基丙烯酸酯单体进行均聚并分别与甲基丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸-2-羟乙酯进行二元共聚。这些聚合物的保护基具有在室温下的高酸解活性。可以和产酸剂（三嗪化合物）、酚醛树脂一起组成化学增幅型感光成像材料,可用作i-线光致抗蚀剂和高感度PS版感光剂,其感度在100mj／cm^2以下。此感光体系中加入红外染料即可用作热敏CTP版材成像材料。都获得了很好的成像表现。     

新型锍鎓盐类光生酸剂的产酸性能研究

对合成的两种新型锍鎓盐光生酸剂进行了基本物性考察，表明它们有较高的热分解温度和在常用有机溶剂中有较好的溶解性，并考察了其在405、365nm下乙腈中的分解及产酸性能。根据本实验室研究的方法计算出分解量子产率和产酸效率。     

由专利看柯达公司热交联CTP版的发明及改进过程

对柯达热交联 Ｃ Ｔ Ｐ 版申请的有关专利进行了研究，对其设计思路及具体配方的改进作了介绍。柯达发明的热交联 Ｃ Ｔ Ｐ 涉及一种新型的光敏组成物，其基本组成为（１） 可熔性酚醛树脂，（２） 线型酚醛树脂，（３） 潜在的质子酸，（４） 红外吸收剂。用红外激光直接制版时，红外吸收剂和潜在的质子酸均分解并产生酸，在曝光后的预热处理过程中，酸起催化作用使两种酚醛树脂交联固化，形成不溶于碱性显影液的物质。对其存在的需要预热处理过程的不足以及今后的改进方向作了探讨。     

碳纤维复合材料界面结构的形貌与尺寸的表征

为了准确测定碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料界面结构的形貌和尺寸, 本文中介绍了一种原位纳米力学动态模量成像技术, 并采用该方法对碳纤维增强热固性树脂基复合材料进行了测试, 对该技术在界面结构测试上的参数设置、 数据处理方法以及适用性等方面进行了分析。研究表明, 该方法的横向分辨率可以达到纳米尺度, 适于测量界面尺寸在纳米级别的碳纤维复合材料界面形貌与尺寸。对于碳纤维/环氧树脂和碳纤维/双马树脂体系, 界面区的储能模量呈梯度变化, 根据储能模量成像图的统计分析可得到界面的形貌和厚度。所得界面平均厚度在100nm左右, 横截面上界面形貌呈不均匀的“河流状”, 并与碳纤维表面形貌相似。      

Influence of altitude on aero-optic imaging deviation

Aero-optic imaging deviation is a kind of aero-optic effect. It characterizes the image position displacement on an imaging plane. This paper studies the influence of altitude on aero-optic imaging deviation. The Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes solver provided in FLUENT was used for flow computations. The Runge-Kutta method based ray tracing was adopted for optics calculations. The orthogonal array was brought in for the experiment arrangement. Four representative suites of imaging deviations and imaging deviation slopes were obtained in the altitude range of 10-60 km. The results show that as altitude increases, the imaging deviation decreases, and the imaging deviation slope approaches zero from a negative value.     

Real-Time Imaging of Microscopic pH Distribution with a Two-Dimensional pH-Imaging Apparatus

Real-time two-dimensional pH imaging has become possible with the development of a new type of potentiometry, by which the pH distribution can be visualized as pH images with submillimeter spatial resolution. The measurement time for one image is short enough for practical use. The transient change of pH distribution generated by the protons released from a single cation-exchange resin was observed and visualized as the pH images. From the pH images, the evaluation of the resin performance was also carried out.     

Evaluation of oxidation resistance of thin continuous silicon oxycarbide fiber derived from silicone resin with low carbon content

Si–O–C ceramic fiber was synthesized from a kind of silicone resin with low carbon content. The melt-spun resin fiber was exposed to SiCl₄ vapor under a nitrogen gas flow, and the fiber was heated at 373 K for 2 h to complete the curing process. The cured fiber was pyrolyzed at 1273 K in an inert atmosphere to be converted to Si–O–C fiber. The entire chemical composition of the pyrolyzed fiber was almost identical to that of a previously reported resin which was pyrolyzed without curing. Auger spectrum analysis indicated an increase in silicon content near the fiber surface. The Si–O–C fiber thus obtained was heat-treated at 1511 or 1603 K in an air flow to evaluate oxidation resistance. Elemental analysis, XRD measurement, and SEM image observations were carried out on the oxidized Si–O–C fibers. Even with such thin fiber diameters, the oxidation process under these conditions was slow and the formation of a thin oxide layer on the fiber surface was confirmed. The existence of a residual Si–O–C core surrounded by a crystallized silica layer was observed in fractured fiber cross-sections after severe treatment conditions of 24 h oxidation at 1511 K or 3 h oxidation at 1603 K.     

Extreme ultra-violet resists development concepts and performances

Recently published experimental results indicate that current extreme ultra-violet lithography (EUVL) patterning process seems to be very hard to meet the device manufacturing specification goals, such as resolution, line-width roughness, and sensitivity (RLS) simultaneously. To overcome trade-off limitations between RLS performances of resist, we have approached the problem in several ways. Regarding materials, to make a uniform resist film we applied living radical polymerization and purification to obtain evenly interacting polymer chains. To obtain perfectly miscible resist components, such as polymer, photo acid generator (PAG) and quencher, we have optimized their structures to have similar polarity range. Acid diffusivity factors are also controlled by the resist components properties, including polymer T(g) and photo-acid polarity. In EUVL process, we applied surfactant rinse process to reduce line-width roughness and pattern collapse. In this paper, we discuss the performance of our EUV according to our material development concepts, that is, resist film homogeneity and acid diffusion control in order to meet the device manufacturing specification goals, such as resolution, line-width roughness (LWR), and sensitivity.     

高支化碱溶性丙烯酸化聚酯光刻胶的性能及成像性研究

将高支化碱溶性丙烯酸化聚酯用于光致抗蚀剂,因其独特的三维结构而具有低粘度,高活性使抗蚀剂膜收缩率小,而具有良好的成像显影性。通过控制合适的对脂酸值及成像显影条件,可得到良好断面的图像,并且抗蚀剂线条图分辨率可达～1um。当光源分别为平行光和点光源时图像清晰程度不一样：平行光比点光源好。     

A multifunctional, reconfigurable pulse generator for high-frequency ultrasound imaging

High-frequency (>20 MHz) ultrasound (HFUS) imaging systems have made it possible to image small structures with fine spatial resolution. They find a variety of biomedical applications in dermatology, ophthalmology, intravascular imaging, and small-animal imaging. One critical technical challenge of HFUS is to generate high-voltage, high-frequency pulsed signals to effectively excite the transducer for a high SNR. This paper presents the development of a multifunctional, reconfigurable pulse generator for HFUS imaging. The pulse generator can produce a high-voltage unipolar pulse, a bipolar pulse, or arbitrary pulses for B-mode imaging, Doppler measurement, and modulated excitation imaging. The characteristics of the pulses, such as timing, waveform, and frequency are reconfigurable by a high-speed field-programmable gate array (FPGA). Customized software was developed to interface with the FPGA through a USB connector for pulse selection, and easy, flexible, real-time pulse management. The hardware was implemented in a compact, printed circuit board (PCB)-based scheme using state-of-the-art electronics for costeffectiveness and fully digital control. Testing results show that the unipolar pulse can reach over 165 Vpp with a 6-dB bandwidth of 70 MHz, and the bipolar pulse and arbitrary pulses can reach 150 and 60 Vpp with central frequencies of 60 and 120 MHz, respectively.