Synergistic effect between Laves phase and Zr-Ni phases in Zr(MnVNi)2 hydrogen storage alloys

The effect of annealing treatment on the crystal structure and electrochemical properties of Zr(Mn_0.25V_0.20Ni_0.55)₂ and Zr(Mn_0.05V_0.40Ni_0.55)₂ hydrogen storage alloys was investigated by means of XRD analysis and electrochemical tests. The results of XRD analysis showed that the as-cast alloys consist of C15, C14 type Laves phase and Zr₉Ni₁₁ and ZrNi phases. The composition of alloys homogenized after annealing treatment. The C15 type Laves phase is still stable while the Zr₉Ni₁₁ and ZrNi phases decompose and C14 phase disappears partially. The final stable structure of the alloys was a mixture phase of C15 and C14 type Laves phases. The results of the electrochemical tests showed that the discharge capacity and the properties of activation as well as high-rate dischargeability are all decreased after annealing treatment. The exchange current density decreases in some degree too.     

CRYSTAL STRUCTURE AND ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIESOF Zr(Mn1-xNix)2(0.40≤x≤0.75) HYDROGEN STORAGE ALLOYS

1. IntroductionAmong the binary alloys ZrMZ (M=V,Cr,Mn,Fe,Co,Mn etc.), ZrVZ and ZrCrZ all?Xscan absorb a large quantity of hydrogen to form hydride as ZrVZH6 and ZrCr,H..,[1].The effects of V or Cr atom sites substituted by nickel atom on the crystal structure andelectrochemical properties of the binary ZrVZ or ZrCrZ alloys were investigated extensivelydue to the higher hydrogen storage in binary alloys[Z13]. Many high-performance ABZ typeLaves phase electrode alloys based on Zr…     

MICROSTRUCTURE AND ELECTROCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF Zr0.9Ti0.01（Ni1.1.Mn0.7V0.2）x METAL HYDRIDE ELECTRODE

The crystal structure,the phase composition and the electrochemical characteristics of Zr0.9 Ti0.1(Ni1.1Mn0.7V0.2)x(x=0.90,0.95,1.00,1.05) alloys were investigated by means of XRD,SEM,EDS and electrochemical measurements.It was shown that all alloys are multiphase with C15 Laves phase as a main phase along with C14 phase and some secondary phases.And the amounts of the C14 phase and secondary phases in the four alloys increases with decreasing x.The results indicated that the various stoichiometric ratios have great effects on the electrochemical characteristics such as the maximum discharge capacity,discharge rate capability and self-discharge properties etc.for Zr0.9Ti0.1(Ni1.1Mn0.7V0.2)x(x=0.90,0.95,1.00,1.05)alloys.The hyper-stoichiometric Zr0.9Ti0.1(Ni1.1Mn0.7V0.20)1.05 exhibits the maximum discharge capacity of 332mAh·g^-1.The C14 phase and secondary phases seems to mprove discharge rate capability of the alloys.     

MICROSTRUCTURE AND ELECTROCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF Zr_(0.9)Ti_(0.1)(Ni_(1.1)Mn_(0.7)V_(0.2))_x METAL HYDRIDE ELECTRODE

The crystal structure, the phase composition and the electrochemical characteristics of Zr0.9Ti0.1(Ni1.1Mn0.7V0.2)x (x=0.90, 0.95, 1.00, 1.05) alloys were investigated by means of XRD, SEM, EDS and electrochemical measurements. It was shown that all alloys are multiphase with C15 Laves phase as a main phase along with C14 phase and some secondary phases. And the amounts of the C14 phase and secondary phases in the four alloys increases with decreasing x. The results indicated that the various stoichiometric ratios have great effects on the electrochemical characteristics such as the maximum discharge capacity, discharge rate capability and self-discharge properties etc. for Zr0.9Ti0.1(Ni1.1Mn0.7 V0.2)X (x=0.90, 0.95, 1.00, 1.05) alloys. The hyper-stoichiometric Zr0.9 Ti0.1(N1.1Mn0.7 V0.20)1.05 exhibits the maximum discharge capacity of 332mAh-g-1. The C14 phase and secondary phases seems to improve discharge rate capability of the alloys.     

Phase structure and electrochemical properties of melt-spinning alloy Zr(MnVNi)_(2.4)

1　INTRODUCTIONItiswellknownthatZr basedAB2 LavesphasealloyelectrodeshavehigherdischargecapacityandmuchbettercyclingstabilitythanthatofAB5alloysalthoughitisexpensivecomparedtoAB5alloys .HowtofurtherimprovetheratioofpropertiesandpriceofAB2 alloyshasbeendrawingtheinterestofmanyin vestigators .Someinvestigationsrevealedthatover stoichiometricAB5typealloyshadbettercharge dis chargecyclingstabilitythanstoichiometricalloys[15] ,andsomeover stoichiometricAB2 typealloysshowedhigherdischargec…     

ZrM2（M=Mn,V,Ni）相贮氢合金的相组成

本文采用Ｘ射线衍射Ｒｉｅｔｖｅｌｄ全谱拟合分析研究了ＡＢ２型Ｌａｖｅｓ相贮氢合金Ｚｒ（Ｍｎ０．４５－ｘＶｘＮｉ０．５５）２（ｘ＝０．１０－０．４０）的相组成和相含量。     

元素Ti对贮氢合金ZrMn0．7V0．2CO0．1Ni1．2相结构和电化学性能的影响

研究了元素Ti对贮氢电极合金ZrMn0.7V0.2Co0.1Ni1.2的相结构、相组成以及电化学性能的影响。结果表明，对于合金Zr1-xTix(Mn0.7V0.2Co0.1Ni1.2)，其母体合金的主相为C15型Laves相，并含有少量的非Laves相Zr7M10；但随着掺Ti量的增加，合金中出现C14型Laves相，而且其含量逐渐增加；在x=0．1～0．2时，合金中还出现少量的TiNi相，而在x=0．4～0．5时，非Laves相Zr7M10和TiNi相全部消失，说明元素Ti大量的掺杂抑制了第二相的产生：而且随着Ti含量的增加，合金中的C15型和C14型Laves相的晶格常数逐渐减小。电化学测试结果发现，当含Ti量x=0．2时，合金有最大放电容量Cmax为354mAh／g，在放电电流为300mAh／g条件下，高倍率放电性能比母体合金提高了15％。     

快凝合金Zr（Ni0.55Mn0.3V0.1Cr0.05）2.1的相结构与储氢性能

在快冷（冷却速度１０＾５－１０＾６Ｋ／ｓ）Ｚｒ（Ｎｉ０．５５Ｍｎ０．３Ｖ０．１Ｃｒ０．０５）２．１合金中观察到一种高温条件下丰碑 纳米晶Ｃ１４Ｌａｖｅｓ相,其丰度随冷凝速度下降明显减少。     

Ti对Zr—Mn—V—Ni系合金的微结构和电化学性能的影响

Ｚｒ－Ｍｎ－Ｖ－Ｎｉ合金中Ｚｒ－Ｎｉ金属间化合物与Ｌａｖｅｓ相共存,Ｚｒ０．５Ｔｉ０．５Ｍｎ０．２Ｖ０．６Ｎｉ１．２合金内形成了含Ｔｉ的ｂｃｃ相,选区电子衍射和ＥＤＳ能谱分析结果表明,ｂｃｃ相为Ｂ２型Ｒ相（Ｔｉ０．５Ｚｒ０．２）Ｎｉ,Ｔｉ取代部分Ｚｒ,改变了四元合金中Ｌａｖｅｓ相的晶胞参数和亚结构,非Ｌａｖｅｓ相的形成导致合金元素在各相间的重新分配,多相合金内Ｌａｖｅｓ相的晶胞参数合金的名义成分。     

合金化对ZrMn2基Laves相贮氢合金相组成的影响

研究了Ni、V、Cr、Co、Fe、Cu和Ti等合金化元素取代ZrMn2 基Laves相贮氢合金的B侧或A侧对合金相组成的影响。结果表明 ,采用不同的元素对A侧或B侧进行部分取代 ,将引起ZrMn2 基合金相组成的变化。采用Ni取代Mn后 ,ZrMn2 合金的主相结构转变为C15型Laves相 ,表明Ni为C15相稳定元素。对Zr Mn Ni三元合金 ,V为C14相稳定元素 ,而Co、Fe、Cu则为C15相稳定元素。取代量较少时 ,Cr为C15相稳定元素 ,取代量增加时 ,C15相稳定作用减弱。Ti元素为C14相稳定元素 ,Ti对Zr的部分取代将导致合金主相结构转变为C14型Laves相。合金化元素对ZrMn2 合金的相组成的影响与元素的电子浓度和原子尺寸不同有关     

Electrochemical properties of TiV-based hydrogen storage alloys

The electrochemical properties of the super-stoichiometric TiV-based hydrogen storage electrode alloys(Ti0.8Zr0.2)(V0.533Mn0.107Cr0.16Ni0.2)x(x=2,3,4,5,6)were studied.It is found by XRD analysis that all the alloys mainly consist of a C14 Laves phase with hexagonal structure and a V-based solid solution phase with BCC structure.The lattice parameters and the unit cell volumes of the two phases decrease with increasing x.The cycle life.the linear polarization.the anode polarization and the electrochemical impedance spectra of the alloy electrodes were investigated systematically.The overall electrochemical properties of the alloy electrode are found improved greatly as the result of super-stoicfhiometry and get to the best when x=5.     

Ti基贮氢合金Ti0．3Zr0．225V0．25Mn0．3-xNi0．45＋x（x=0-0．25）的显微组织及电化学性能

为了改善Ti基贮氢合金的电化学性能，采用XRD，SEM及EDS分析了Ti0．3Zr0．225V0．25Mn0．3-xNi0．45＋x（x=，0．05，0．10，0．15，0．20，0．25）贮氢合金的相结构及相成分，并研究了合金的电化学性能。结果表明，合金均由六方结构的C14型Laves主相和立方结构的C15型Laves第二相构成；随着Ni替代量x的增大，合金的活化性能降低，而循环稳定性得到一定程度的改善。当Ni替代量x=0．05时，合金的放电容量达到最大，为426mAh／g，显示出很大的应用潜力.     

新型钛钒系贮氢电极合金

研究了新型钛钒系贮氢电极合金Ti0.8Zr0.2V2.665Mn0.535Cr0.8Ni的相结构、微观组织及电化学性能。XRD及EDS分析表明：铸态合金主要由C14 Laves相母体和树枝晶的钒基固溶体相组成，同时由于成分偏析的缘故，合金中还存在少量的TiNi基的第三相。热处理使得合金中C14 Laves相及钒基固溶体相的晶胞参数和晶胞体积增大，促进合金成分的均匀化，同时极大地改善了合金电极的综合电化学性能。     

超化学计量比Ti-Zr-V-Mn-Cr-Ni贮氢电极合金相结构及电化学性能研究

研究了超化学计量比对钛基贮氢合金相结构及电化学性能的影响。XRD及EDS分析表明，超化学计量比贮氢合金（Ti0.8Zr0.2)(V0.533Mn0.107Cr0.16Ni0.2)x(x=2,3,4,5,6)均主要由六方结构的C14型Laves相和体心立方结构的钒基固溶体相构成。随着x值的增大，两相的晶胞参数及晶胞体积均减小。电化学性能测试表明，当x的值在2－5范围内时，随着x值的增大，合金的最大放电容量、放电电位、高倍率放电性能（HRD）、循环稳定性、交换电流密度I0以及极限电流密度IL均提高。但继续增大x值后，除放电电位、高倍率放电性能和循环稳定性继续有所提高外，最大放电容量、交换电流密度I0以及极限电流密度IL均减小。此外，随着化学计量比的增大，合金电极的活化渐趋困难。     

Ti0.9Zr0.2Mn（1.8—x）MxV0.2（M=Ni,Cr;x=0,0.2）合金的贮氢性能

研究了Ti0.9Zr0.2Mn(1.8-x)MxV0.2(M=Ni,Cr;x=0,0.2)合金的晶体结构与贮氢性能。结果表明,Ti0.9Zr0.2Mn1.6Ni0.2V0.2和Ti0.9Zr0.2Mn1.6Cr0.2V0.2的贮氢量达到240mL/g。合金的主相均为C14 Laves相,镍,铬的取代使点阵常数和晶胞体积增大,P－C－T曲线的滞后降低,压力平台的倾斜度增加。     

合金元素掺杂对TiV_(2.1)Ni_(0.4)合金相结构及电化学性能的影响

研究了合金元素掺杂对TiV2.1Ni0.4系列合金的相结构及电化学性能的影响。XRD分析表明,该合金由V基固溶体主相和以网状分布于主相晶界的Ti2Ni第二相和C15型Laves第三相组成。BEI、EDS和电化学测试表明,Zr、Cu合金元素进入第二相晶格而使合金的电化学容量略降,但提高了合金的循环性能;Cr元素由于大部分进入到主相晶格而使合金的电化学循环性能大幅度提高,经40次循环后容量保持率仍达88.4%,但最大放电容量有所降低。     

快速凝固钛钒系贮氢合金电化学性能研究

研究了快速凝固处理对钛钒系贮氢电极合金Ti0.8Zr0．2V2．4Mn0．48Cr0．72Ni0．9的相结构、特别是电化学性能的影响规律。XRD研究表明：合金主要由六方结构的C14 Laves相和体心立方结构的钒基固溶体相所组成，快速凝固减少了合金中C14 Laves相的含量。电化学性能分析表明：快速凝固降低了合金电极的最大放电容量，增加了电极的活化次数，提高了电极表面的反应阻抗，恶化了电极的动力学性能，但是却大大改善了合金电极的循环稳定性。     

Si元素对Ti基储氢合金电化学性能的影响

为了改善Ti基储氢合金的电化学性能，采用Si元素部分替代Mn元素的方法，分析研究了Ti基储氢合金Ti03Zr0．225V0.25Mn0．25-xNi0.5Six的相结构及电化学性能。结果表明，合金均由六方结构的C14型Laves主相和立方结构的TiNi第二相构成；随着Si元素替代量x的增大，合金的活化性能降低，而循环稳定性得到很大程度的改善。     

DEGRADATION BEHAVIORS OF NEW TYPE TiV-BASED HYDROGEN STORAGE ELECTRODE ALLOYS

The degradation behaviors of the TiV-based multiphase hydrogen storage alloy Ti0.8,Zr0.2V3.2Mn0.64 Cr0.96Ni1.2 during electrochemical cycling in alkaline electrolyte have been studied by XRD, SEM, EIS and AES measurements. XRD analysis indicates that the alloy consists of a C14-type Laves phase and a V-based solid solution. The lattice parameters of both phases are increased after discharged with cycling, which indicates that more irreversible hydrogen remains not discharged in the alloy. It should be responsible for the decrease of discharge capacity. SEM micrographs show that after 10 electrochemical cycles, a large number of cracks can be observed in the alloy, existing mainly in the V-based solid solution phase. Moreover, after 30 cycles, the alloy particles are obviously pulverized due to the larger expansion and shrinkage of cell volumes during hydrogen absorption and desorption, which induces the fast degradation of the TiV-based hydrogen storage alloys. EIS and AES measurements indicate that some passive oxide film has been formed on the surface of alloy electrode, which has higher charge-transfer resistance, lower hydrogen diffusivity, and less electro-catalytic activity. Therefore it can be concluded that the pulverization and oxidation of the alloy are the main factors responsible for the fast degradation of the TiV-based hydrogen storage alloys.     

Properties of Zr-Ti-V-Mn-Ni hydride alloy

1　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＷｉｔｈｔｈｅｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｏｆｅｃｏｎｏｍｉｃｓａｎｄｃｉｔｙｔｒａｆｆｉｃｓ ,ｍｏｒｅａｎｄｍｏｒｅｏｉｌ ｐｏｗｅｒｅｄｖｅｈｉｃｌｅｓａｐｐｅａｒ,ｒｅｓｕｌｔｉｎｇｍｏｒｅｓｅｒｉｏｕｓｐｏｌｌｕｔｉｏｎｔｏｔｈ