高焓等离子喷涂WC-10Co-4Cr涂层的微观组织及其拉伸断裂机理

利用SQC-100高焓等离子喷涂系统在0Cr13Ni4Mo不锈钢基体表面制备了WC-10Co-4Cr涂层;通过金相测试、摩擦磨损试验、拉伸试验,分别评价了WC-10Co-4Cr涂层的孔隙率、显微硬度、耐磨损性能、结合强度;利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)分别观察和分析了WC-10Co-4Cr涂层的微观形貌和成分。结果表明:WC-10Co-4Cr涂层的孔隙率为0.77%,硬度为1 210HV,耐磨性是基体的143倍,涂层与基体保持着良好的结合,结合强度达到72 MPa;WC-10Co-4Cr涂层结构致密,主要由WC相及少量W2C相组成;WC-10Co-4Cr涂层的断裂主要表现为沿晶断裂和穿晶断裂;提高粒子速率和温度可有效提高WC-10Co-4Cr涂层的结合强度。     

AC-HVAF制备WC-10Co-4Cr涂层抗磨粒磨损性能研究

采用活性燃烧高速燃气(AC-HVAF)喷涂工艺制备了WC-10Co-4Cr涂层,测试了涂层的结合强度、显微硬度、气孔率以及抗磨粒磨损性能。并利用XRD对喷涂粉末及涂层进行了相结构分析,用扫描电子显微镜对喷涂粉末、磨粒磨损后的涂层表面形貌进行了观察。结果表明:在喷涂过程中,仅有很少量的WC发生合金化。涂层的结合强度和显微硬度高,组织结构致密。在相同的实验条件下,16Mn钢的磨粒磨损质量损失是WC-10Co-4Cr涂层的266倍,这表明HVAF制备的WC-10Co-4Cr涂层具有优异的抗磨粒磨损性能。     

WC粒度对WC-10Co-4Cr复合粉末特性及其涂层性能的影响

利用超音速火焰喷涂技术制备了微米结构、亚微米结构、纳米结构以及多尺度结构的WC-10Co-4Cr涂层,研究了WC粒度对WC-10Co-4Cr复合粉末表面和内部结构及其涂层的孔隙率、硬度分布和断裂韧性的影响规律.结果表明:采用团聚烧结法制备的热喷涂粉末球形度较高,表面呈疏松多孔状,主要物相为WC、Co和Co3W3C;利用...     

ZG06Cr13Ni4Mo不锈钢超音速火焰喷涂WC-10Co-4Cr涂层的抗磨蚀性能

采用超音速火焰(HVOF)热喷涂工艺,在ZG06Cr13Ni4Mo不锈钢上制备了纳米WC-10Co-4Cr涂层。利用压痕法和灰度法分别测试了涂层的显微硬度和孔隙率,并利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、电子万能试验机和磨蚀试验机分别对涂层的相结构、表面形貌、结合强度和抗磨蚀性能进行了分析和测试。结果表明,获得的WC-10Co-4Cr涂层的平均显微硬度和结合强度高,分别达到1 435HV0.2和70.4 MPa,组织结构致密。相对于ZG06Cr13Ni54Mo不锈钢,纳米WC-10Co-4Cr涂层具有优异的抗磨蚀性能,其抗磨蚀性能是ZG06Cr13Ni54Mo不锈钢的10倍以上。     

步进距离对HVAF喷涂WC-10Co-4Cr涂层孔隙率和显微硬度的影响

采用超音速火焰喷涂HVAF技术以WC-10Co-4Cr为原料,在7A04铝合金表面制备WC-10Co-4Cr耐磨陶瓷涂层。通过扫描电镜对涂层形貌及孔隙率进行了研究,利用显微硬度仪对涂层硬度进行测量。通过以上实验分析了不同步进距离对HVAF喷涂WC-10Co-4Cr涂层孔隙率的影响。结果表明,通过HVAF技术加工的WC-10Co-4Cr涂层与7A04铝合金基材结合良好,且随步进距离的增加,涂层孔隙率随之增大,涂层硬度随之降低。     

稀土改性WC-10Co-4Cr HVOF热喷涂涂层的制备及力学性能

为提高WC-10Co-4Cr热喷涂涂层性能,制备了添加0.2wt.%纳米Pr₆O₁₁的WC-10Co-4Cr热喷涂粉末及其高质量涂层,并研究了纳米Pr₆O₁₁对WC-10Co-4Cr涂层的影响。采用团聚烧结法制得纳米Pr₆O₁₁弥散分布WC-10Co-4Cr热喷涂粉末,并利用JP8000超音速火焰喷涂设备在304不锈钢基体表面制备了Pr₆O₁₁改性WC-10Co-4Cr致密涂层,通过ICP-MS、XRD、XPS、SEM和显微硬度计等对热喷涂粉末及其HVOF涂层进行了微观表征和力学性能测试。与未加稀土的空白对照样相比,添加微量纳米Pr₆O₁₁的WC-10Co-4Cr(Pr₆O₁₁)HVOF热喷涂涂层综合力学性能得到有效改善,其平均努氏硬度达到1267.85 HK,平均弹性模量达到363.8 GPa,平均断裂韧性达到4.51 MP...     

粉末尺寸和喷涂工艺对超音速火焰喷涂WC-10Co-4Cr涂层冲蚀磨损性能的影响

对2种不同粒度的WC-10Co-4Cr粉末,在不同超音速火焰(HVOF)喷涂工艺参数条件下制备涂层。采用正交回归试验方法研究了喷涂工艺对HVOF WC-10Co-4Cr涂层耐冲蚀性能的影响,并探讨了粉末尺寸对涂层耐冲蚀性能的影响。采用扫描电镜观察涂层的冲蚀表面形貌,以分析涂层的冲蚀机理。结果表明:粉末尺寸、丙烷气体流量、氧气流量和喷涂距离对HVOF WC-10Co-4Cr涂层耐冲蚀性能有较大影响。在正交试验的结果基础上,建立了冲蚀磨损率与喷涂工艺参数之间的二次回归方程。在低角度冲蚀时涂层的冲蚀机理主要是犁削磨损,而大角度冲蚀时主要是喷涂粒子的层间剥落。     

超细/纳米结构WC-10Co-4Cr涂层的透射电镜表征与性能分析

利用真空原位还原碳化反应合成超细/纳米WC-Co复合粉末,通过添加一定量Cr获得WC-10Co-4Cr复合粉末,经团聚造粒获得喷涂用复合粉末喂料,采用超音速火焰(HVOF)喷涂系统制备出超细/纳米结构的WC-10Co-4Cr涂层。利用X射线衍射仪,扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜对涂层的物相、显微组织结构、元素分布特征等进行了系统表征,并对涂层耐磨性、耐蚀性进行了测试分析。结果表明:基于原位反应合成WC-Co复合粉制备的超细/纳米结构WC-10Co-4Cr涂层具有较好的耐磨性和耐腐蚀性。涂层以WC为主相,含有非晶结构的粘结相Co(Cr),同时存在少量六方晶体结构的W_2C相和非晶复相W_2C+Co(Cr)。对涂层中元素Co和Cr的分布进行了量化分析,得到其从WC晶粒到相界到共晶区再到Co区的变化规律。结合WC-10Co-4Cr复合粉末和超音速火焰喷涂工艺的特点,阐释了Cr在WC-10Co-4Cr涂层分布状态的形成原因,并讨论了对涂层性能的影响。     

HVAF制备27SiMn钢WC涂层沉积机理研究

以经过喷砂预处理的27SiMn钢为原材料,采用活性燃烧高速空气燃料喷涂技术(AC-HVAF)制备WC-10Co-4Cr涂层。采用SEM与EDS对WC-10Co-4Cr涂层的微观形貌和涂层在基体结合处的沉积机理进行了研究。结果表明,采用HVAF制备的WC涂层十分致密,无明显的裂纹与孔洞缺陷,涂层整体孔隙率为1.4%左右。在HVAF喷涂超音速的作用下,少量WC颗粒直接进入到基体中并形成明显裂纹。涂层与基体主要以机械结合为主,伴随少量的微区冶金结合和扩散。     

含MoS2的超音速喷涂WC-10Co-4Cr复合涂层摩擦性能研究

利用超音速火焰喷涂方法,以WC-10Co-4Cr为基体,添加MoS2以制备WC- 10Co-4Cr/MoS2自润滑复合涂层;对比分析了添加不同含量MoS2涂层的微观组织结构和物相;重点进行了摩擦磨损试验,研究润滑相MoS2对超音速喷涂WC涂层摩擦学特性的影响机理.研究结果表明:引入的MoS2一少部分转化成新态,其余则进入WC涂层空隙中,在摩擦过程中形成润滑膜起到润滑作用,并有效地降低了摩擦因数,使摩擦磨损过程中温升降低,有效减少热损伤,提高了涂层的耐磨性能;WC-10Co-4Cr/MoS2复合涂层具有很好的自润滑性,w(MoS2)15％时WC-10Co-4Cr/MoS2复合涂层的摩擦磨损性能最佳.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.