Al—10Ce中间合金对ZL102共晶Al—Si合金的变质研究

分析研究了Al—10Ce中间合金对ZL102共晶铝硅合金的变质处理效果。结果表明,Al—10Ce中间合金用量、熔体中的杂质以及冷却速度对变质效果的影响很大,Al-10Ce中间合金用量为0．9％左右时达到最佳变质效果,提高Al—Si的纯度可以获得变质组织,冷却速度超过70℃／min时才具有明显的变质效果。     

Al—Si共晶合金的化学变质剂的概述

介绍了Al-Si共晶合金在生产中的的重要作用,并指出了Al—Si合金变质的原因及意义;研究了各个变质剂在变质处理中的优点和其缺点．分析了变质效果。结果表明：Sr的变质效果比较好,但仍有空洞,故可以采用钠和Sr或者钠、Sr以及稀土复合的变质剂进行变质.     

Al-5Ti-B对过共晶Al-18Si合金的变质效果

采用Al-5Ti-B变质剂对过共晶Al-18Si合金进行反向变质处理,用光学显微镜观察合金的组织与形貌,研究变质剂加入量、变质温度和冷却速度对初晶硅的尺寸、形态和面积分数以及共晶组织的影响。研究表明:当Al-5Ti-B加入量(质量分数)为0.3%时,变质处理后Al-18Si合金中的初晶硅和共晶硅尺寸明显减小,初晶硅的面积分数减小;与其相比,变质剂加入量增加到0.6%时,初晶硅尺寸变化不明显,但共晶硅进一步细化;随冷却速率降低,变质处理后Al-18Si合金中初晶硅相的数量减少,但Si颗粒尺寸明显增大,并且共晶硅细化;与Al-18Si合金在720℃变质相比,该合金在780℃变质处理时,初晶硅的尺寸增大,但初晶硅的面积分数显著减小;合金在850℃变质处理后初晶硅的尺寸、面积分数都比720℃变质处理后明显减小;随变质温度升高,Al-Si合金中的共晶硅明显细化。     

新型Al—Sr—RE复合细化变质剂及其在ZL102合金中的作用

研制了一种新型、高效的Al-Sr-RE复合细化变质剂,该合金熔点较低（639．2－740℃）,变质潜伏期短（≤10min),变质能力强,变质效果好,并且可以显著细化Al-Si合金枝晶组织,与工作用Al-10Sr,Al-8.7Sr-2.8Ti-0.2B合金相比,该合金使ZL102合金的二次枝晶间距减小了22．65－23．2％。     

两步法变质处理Zn-6Al合金的显微组织和力学性能研究

采用Al-5Ti-B对Zn-6Al合金进行两步法变质处理，运用扫描电镜（SEM）、能谱仪（EDS）和万能试验机分析测试了变质处理前后Zn-6Al合金的凝固组织和力学性能。结果表明：当加入0.50%的Al-5Ti-B时，随着高温变质熔体占比的增加，Zn-6Al合金中初生β-Al相面积分数不断增加，共晶组织层片间距先减小再增加；Zn-6Al合金的抗拉强度与屈服强度不断增加，延伸率先增加后降低；当高温变质熔体与低温熔体质量比为2∶3时，Zn-6Al合金的综合力学性能最佳。当高温变质熔体与低温熔体质量比为2∶3时，随着Al-5Ti-B加入量的增加，Zn-6Al合金中初生β-Al相面积分数、抗拉强度、屈服强度和延伸率呈现先增加再降低的变化趋势，共晶组织则呈现先细化再粗化的变化趋势。与未进行变质处理的Zn-6Al合金相比，当高温变质熔体与低温熔体质量比为2∶3和Al-5Ti-B加入量为0.75%时，Zn-6Al合金的抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率分别增加24%, 13%和118%。采用Al-5Ti-B对Zn-6Al合金进行两步法变质处理，可明显提高Zn-6Al合金的综合力学性能。     

Al-3B变质对铸造Al-10Si合金显微组织与力学性能的影响

采用Al-3B对铸造Al-10Si合金进行了变质处理,运用非平衡相图和杠杆定律分析了变质处理Al-10Si合金显微组织变化规律,研究了变质处理对合金力学性能的影响。研究表明,Al-3B变质处理使铸造Al-10Si合金的凝固过冷度减小;当变质温度一定时,随着Al-3B加入量增加,铸造Al-10Si合金组织中初生α-Al相体积分数呈现先增加后减少的变化趋势,当加入0.25%Al-3B时,初生α-Al相的体积分数达到最大值42.8%,且合金中的Si相呈细小短片状或短棒状;当变质剂加入量一定时,随着变质温度的增加,初生α-Al相的体积分数逐渐增加。Al-3B变质剂加入量对Al-10Si合金抗拉强度和延伸率影响的规律与其对合金组织中初生α-Al相体积分数影响的规律完全一致,初生α-Al相体积分数和共晶Si尺寸和形态对合金综合力学性能起到决定性的作用。在740℃采用0.25%Al-3B变质处理后,铸造Al-10Si合金的抗拉强度和延伸率分别提高了11.7%和86.3%,该合金综合力学性能得到大幅提高。     

变质处理对ADC12铸造铝硅合金组织及性能的影响

借助金相显微分析实验、拉伸实验等手段,研究不同含量的Al-10Sr变质剂对ADC12铸造铝硅合金组织及性能的影响,结果表明:添加变质剂后,ADC12合金的显微组织得到明显的细化,抗拉强度及延伸率得到极大提高,其中当采用w(Sr)为0.06%进行变质处理时其效果最佳。     

不同钛碳比制备的Al-TiO_2-C细化剂对ZL101细化变质效果研究

以纳米TiO_2粉、C粉和Al粉为原料,利用放热弥散法原位合成含有Al_3Ti,TiC和Al_2O_3相的Al-TiO_2-C细化剂,钛和碳的摩尔比分别为1∶1,3∶1,5∶1,8∶1,10∶1和15∶1,研究不同钛碳比制备的细化剂对ZL101合金细化变质效果的影响。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)及能谱仪(EDS)研究钛碳比对Al-TiO_2-C细化剂相组成和显微组织的影响。将制备好的Al-TiO_2-C细化剂加入到ZL101合金中进行细化变质实验,利用MATLAB软件提取冷却曲线的特征值评价细化变质效果。结果表明:钛碳比为10∶1时,Al-TiO_2-C细化剂组织中Al_3Ti呈圆块状且数量最多,尺寸均匀,TiC颗粒和Al_2O_3颗粒在晶界弥散分布,取质量分数为0.3%的此种组织的细化剂细化变质ZL101合金后,初晶最低过冷温度T_(min)=586.8℃,初晶再辉温度ΔT_1=0.4℃均达到最小,证明细化效果最好,细化后平均晶粒尺寸为71.6μm;变质前后共晶生长温度之差ΔT_E=14.4℃达到最大,变质效果理想。因此,钛碳比为10∶1时制备的细化剂对ZL101合金具有最好的细化变质效果。     

复合变质对过共晶Al—24％Si合金组织的影响

对过共晶Al-24%Si合金进行了单一磷、稀土及磷和稀土双重复合变质处理.实验表明,磷和稀土双重复合变质能够有效地细化合金的组织,变质后合金中的初晶硅晶粒平均尺寸由变质前的60μm变为20μm,且分布均匀,共晶硅也由长针状变为短杆状.同时对磷和稀土的双重复合变质机理做了初步探讨.     

铈变质处理Fe-Cr-B合金组织和机械性能研究

研究了铈变质处理对Fe-Cr-B合金组织性能的影响.结果发现,处理后的Fe-Cr-B合金的铸态组织较之以前明显细化;原来在晶界处分布的连续的、网状的硼化物转变成为不连续的短杆状的和粒状的形态,表明稀土对Fe-Cr-B合金有明显的变质效果.但机械性能随变质剂加入量不同变化比较复杂.     

Voices of fear and anxiety and sadness and depression: The effects of speech rate and loudness on fear and anxiety and sadness and depression.

Two studies investigated the role of expressive vocal behavior (specifically, speech rate and loudness) in fear and anxiety and in sadness and depression. In the 1st study, participants spoke about personally experienced fear and anxiety-arousing and neutral events using 3 different voice styles: fast and loud, normal, and slow and soft. In the 2nd study, participants spoke about personally experienced sad or depressing and neutral events using the same 3 voice styles. In both studies, the participants' highest levels of subjective affective and cardiovascular (CV) arousal occurred when they spoke about the emotional events in a mood-congruent voice style: fast and loud in the case of fear and anxiety, and slow and soft in the case of sadness or depression. Mood-incongruent voice styles canceled the heightened levels of CV arousal normally associated with these negative emotions. The voice-style manipulation had no significant effect on the participants' levels of CV arousal during the neutral discussions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Sexuality and aging--usual and successful

BACKGROUND: As aging research increasingly reflects an effort to dissociate true time-driven changes from those that can be improved, sexuality in later life remains largely unexplored. Several problems are evident. There is a lack of normative data, a lack of a conceptual framework relating to the biology, psychology, and sociology of sex, and an attitudinal resistance that obscures the entire topic. METHODS: We conducted a three-part instructional series on major topics involved with sexuality and aging. We surveyed our group of attendees (n 158, average age 68 for males, 65 for females) before and after the series. RESULTS: A remarkably robust sex life was evidenced by both the men and the women, even until advanced old age. Yet, a substantially decreased involvement was reported from 10 years earlier. Despite current activities, people of both sexes wished they were participating even more than they currently were. Impotency was identified as the major negative feature for the men; relationship problems were for the women. A questionnaire 6 months after the series reported improved sexual attitudes, but no change in sexual activities from the earlier survey. CONCLUSION: Sexuality is a major quality-of-life issue which persists into old age. Our study showed that the usual sexual practices reported by our group were not considered by them to be ideal. The intervention of this instructional series provided improved sexual attitudes but not performance. Additional studies are encouraged.     

Synthesis and analysis of mixed chlorinated-fluorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans and assessment of formation and occurrence of the fluorinated and chlorinated-fluorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans

Despite the use of multimodal therapy, higher-grade glioma is still uniformly fatal in the adult population. There is a considerable difference between the length of survival in each given patient, even within the same tumor type and malignancy grade group, suggesting that there are factors that might differentially influence outcome. To identify such factors, 107 patients with anaplastic or malignant glioma were retrospectively investigated. Clinical parameters and paraclinical data on the p53, mdm2, and EGFR genes at the DNA or protein level were evaluated by univariate analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression modeling. Kaplan-Meier survival estimation demonstrated that immunohistochemical positivity for mdm2 protein in patients with anaplastic astrocytoma or with glioblastoma multiforme was associated with a shorter survival time (p = 0.02). P53 gene mutations and immunopositivity for the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) protein were not significantly related to poor prognosis. The Cox proportional hazards model revealed immunohistochemical positivity for p53, mdm2, or for both of them, the presence of postoperative irradiation, and the extent of surgical resection of tumor to be variables significantly associated with prolonged survival. EGFR overexpression, age over 60 years, and Karnofsky performance score below 40 points did not significantly shorten survival time. In conclusion, the present study identified immunohistochemically detected mdm2-protein overexpression as a statistically significant negative prognostic parameter in patients bearing anaplastic or malignant glioma. Association analysis of variables revealed a possible correlation between mdm2 and p53, which is also consistent with the biological interaction mode of both proteins in vivo.     

Larks and owls and health, wealth, and wisdom

OBJECTIVE: To test the validity of Benjamin Franklin's maxim "early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise." DESIGN: Cross sectional analysis of sleeping patterns in a nationally representative group of elderly people, and longitudinal investigation of mortality. SETTING: Eight areas in Britain (five in England, two in Scotland, and one in Wales). SUBJECTS: 1229 men and women aged 65 and over who in 1973-4 had taken part in a survey funded by the Department of Health and Social Security and for whom data on sleeping patterns, health, socioeconomic circumstances, and cognitive function had been recorded. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Self reported income, access to a car, standard of accommodation, performance on a test of cognitive function, state of health and mortality during 23 years of follow up. RESULTS: 356 people (29%) were defined as larks (to bed before 11 pm and up before 8 am) and 318 (26%) were defined as owls (to bed at or after 11 pm and up at or after 8 am). There was no indication that larks were richer than those with other sleeping patterns. On the contrary, owls had the largest mean income and were more likely to have access to a car. There was also no evidence that larks were superior to those with other sleeping patterns with regard to their cognitive performance or their state of health. Both larks and owls had a slightly reduced risk of death compared with the rest of the study sample, but this was accounted for by the fact that they spent less time in bed at night. In the study sample as a whole, longer periods of time in bed were associated with increased mortality. After adjustment for age, sex, the presence of illness, and other risk factors, people who spent 12 or more hours in bed had a relative risk of death of 1.7 (1.2 to 2.5) compared with those who were in bed for 9 hours. The lowest risk occurred in people who spent 8 hours in bed (adjusted relative risk 0.8; 0.7 to 1.0). CONCLUSION: These findings do not support Franklin's claim. A "late to bed and late to rise" lifestyle does not seem to lead to socioeconomic, cognitive, or health disadvantage, but a longer time spent in bed may be associated with increased mortality.     

Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis and sports

Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis occur predominantly in the lower lumbar spine. Besides congenital defects such as predisposition of spondylolysis the correlation between competitive sports activities and an increased incidence of spondylolysis is proved. In early stages, complete healing can be achieved by conservative treatment (abstinence from sports activities for 3 months, orthesis). Persistence of pain, neurologic symptoms and progression of vertebral slipping are indications for operative treatment (reconstruction of the isthmus, dorso-ventral spondylodesis). The exercise tolerance depends on the extent of instability, progression of vertebral slipping and clinical symptoms. The limits of exercise tolerance vary among the individual athletes and require the decision of the physician. Backstroke swimming, abdominal and back muscle strengthening exercises, and types of sport involving smooth movements are advisable. Sports education in school is possible without restriction in patients with stable spondylolysis and in those with spondylolisthesis without unfavourable concomitant factors.     

IQ and ego-resiliency: Conceptual and empirical connections and separateness.

The constructs of intelligence and ego-resiliency are discussed. The personality implications of "pure intelligence" and "pure ego-resilience" were identified. Intelligence (IQ) was indexed by the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (WAIS—R) and ego-resiliency by an inventory scale. Residual scores measuring "pure intelligence" and "pure ego-resilience" were correlated with the items of the observer based California Q-sort, used to describe participants. Persons relatively high on ego-resilience tend to be more competent and comfortable in the "fuzzier" interpersonal world; persons defined primarily by raw IQ tend to be effective in the "clearer" world of structured work but tend also to be uneasy with affect and less able to realize satisfying human connections. Gender differences exist in the relations of ego-resilience and intelligence and in their adaptive relevance. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Conserving and retaining equalities and inequalities through observation and correction.

Investigated the effects of modeling and corrective feedback on the conservation of equalities and inequalities, with items spanning 3 stimulus dimensions (length, number, and 2-dimensional space). Ss were 48 kindergartners (24 boys, 24 girls). Brief observation of a model, briefer correction training (joining positive feedback with verbal rule provision), and the combination of observation and correction were all successful in producing learning and, without further training, transfer and retention of conservation. Unlike the controls (who also never correctly answered any equality items), the trained experimental Ss gave evidence of spontaneously generalizing their new learning to a task that required nonverbal behavior to manifest conservation. (17 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Reasoning and food and contamination.

Examines strategies that are used to reason about food and contamination. In Exp 1, Ss refrained from choosing a substance that had been given a "poison" label when the intent of the labeler was ambiguous or malicious but preferred this substance when a rationale was provided that dispelled the implication that there once might have been contaminants present. Exp 2 was designed to compare the effects of safety on conditional reasoning in food and food-irrelevant contexts. When the safety issue was relevant to food in the form of contamination, Ss were most likely to use formal logic in reasoning. A similar pattern of responses was found in Exp 3 on tasks for which Ss' ratings of their experience of contexts were matched for plausibility, experience, and danger. Results are discussed in terms of an adaptive constraint that facilitates rationality in reasoning within the food domain (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Craniometaphyseal and craniodiaphyseal dysplasia, head and neck manifestations and management

Mechanical allodynia (MA) following hand injury is a well-documented clinical problem. The purpose of this pilot study was to examine the relationship between hand MA and the upper limb tension test (ULTT). The ULTT mechanically stresses the neural structures from the C5/6/7 neural foramina to the median nerve distally. This study examined 29 subjects with unilateral hand MA before and after a 2-week neural self-mobilization programme. There was a significant difference between the subjects' affected and unaffected sides when tested using the ULTT, both in reproduction of symptoms and in reduced range of motion of the ULTT. Following the self-mobilization program, there was an improvement in the range of the ULTT, and subjects reported a reduction in their symptoms. Complete recovery was not obtained in all cases. The results of this study suggest that the ULTT is a useful tool both in assessment and treatment of subjects with hand MA.