d，l-2-乙酰氨基-3-（3＇-吲哚）丙酸的制备和拆分研究

以3-吲哚基-甲基-乙酰氨基丙二酸二乙酯为原料,经选择性水解制备d,l-2-乙酰氨基-3-（3＇-吲哚）丙酸,最佳反应条件是：反应温度70～80℃,反应时间为6h,物料3-吲哚基-甲基-乙酰氨基丙二酸二乙酯与氢氧化钠的摩尔比为1：2.5,产率可达到84.4％ 研究了利用对硝基苯基-2-氨基-1,3-丙二醇为拆分剂对d,l-2-乙酰氨基-3-（3＇-吲哚）丙酸进行拆分,d-2-乙酰氨基-3-（3＇-吲哚）丙酸的拆分纯度为98％。     

3-吲哚-甲基-乙酰氨基-丙二酸二乙酯的合成研究

以芦竹碱和乙酰氨基丙二酸二乙酯为原料,合成了3-吲哚-甲基-乙酰氨基-丙二酸二乙酯。着重研究了原料配比,反应温度,反应时间对反应收率的影响,获得了比较理想的合成工艺。即：原料配比(摩尔比)为n(芦竹碱)：n(乙酰氨基丙二酸二乙酯)：1：1．1,反应温度为95～100℃,反应时间为8～9h,反应收率为97．0％。     

HPLC法测定-α乙酰氨基-α-乙酯基-β-(3-吲哚)-丙酸乙酯

采用Hypersill BDS C18色谱柱,以甲醇-水(60:40)为流动相,流速1.0 mL.min-1,233nm为检测波长,建立测定α-乙酰氨基-α-乙酯基-β-(3-吲哚)-丙酸乙酯的高效液相色谱法。进样量在4～20μg范围内线性关系良好(r=0.9999)。RSD不大于0.68%。方法操作简单,分析速度快、准确,适用于α-乙酰氨基-α-乙酯基-β-(3-吲哚)-丙酸乙酯的质量控制分析。     

3-吲哚-甲基-乙酰氨基-丙二酸二乙酯的合成研究

3-吲哚-甲基-乙酰氨基-丙二酸二乙脂分子式为C18H33N2O5，是合成色氨酸的重要中间体。它可以由苯肼在乙醇钠的存在下与乙酰氨基一丙二酸二乙酯、丙烯醛反应生成苯腙，再在浓硫酸存在下环合。此方法存在收率较低的缺点，且操作比较复杂，不利于大规模生产。     

(S)-N-保护的2-氨基-3-(二乙氧膦酰基)丙酸乙酯的合成

(S)-N-保护的2-氨基-3-(二乙氧膦酰基)丙酸乙酯是用于制备L-2-氨基-3-膦酰基丙酸的重要中间体。报道了立体选择性合成(S)-N-保护的2-氨基-3-(二乙氧膦酰基)丙酸乙酯的方法,以N-保护的L-丝氨酸为原料,经Mitsunobu反应和亲核加成反应的两步反应制得,其结构经1H NMR和13C NMR表征。     

新型3-甲基吲哚衍生物的合成

2-甲酰基(乙酰基)-3-甲基吲哚衍生物是合成吲哚取代俘精酸酐类光致变色染料的重要中间体.以3-甲基吲哚为原料,先在NaH存在下,以碘甲烷和2-溴乙基甲基醚为亲电试剂发生Ⅳ-烷基化反应,再通过Vilsmeier-Haack反应在3-甲基吲哚的2位引入甲酰基,制备出两种N-取代基-2-甲酰基-3-甲基吲哚衍生物,产率分别为55％和35％;选择ZnCl2作催化剂,3-甲基吲哚与乙酰氯发生Friedal-Crafts反应选择性生成2-乙酰基-3-甲基吲哚,再发生Ⅳ-烷基化反应,合成一系列N-取代基-2-乙酰基-3-甲基吲哚衍生物,产率为34％～89％.其中4种新化合物的结构经1HNMR、13CNMR、元素分析和MS光谱表征确定.     

5-{4-[4-(5-氰基-3-吲哚基)丁基]哌嗪基}苯并呋喃-2-甲酸合成方法的改进

合成5-{4-[4-(5-氰基-3-吲哚基)丁基]哌嗪基}苯并呋喃-2-甲酸需要两个关键中间体,即,5-哌嗪基-苯并呋喃-2-甲酸乙酯盐酸盐和3-(4’-氯丁基)-5-氰基吲哚。前者的合成工艺较为成熟,后者的合成较为困难,目前的方法是将5-氰基吲哚先与4-氯丁酰氯在异丁基二氯化铝的存在下进行Friedel-Crafts酰化反应,生成的酰化物再用二氢双(2-甲氧乙氧基)铝酸钠将羰基还原制得。此方法不仅收率低(两步反应的收率18.98%),而且每步反应的产物都需要用硅胶柱层析纯化后才能进行后续反应。现研究将5-氰基吲哚先与对甲基苯磺酰氯反应制得N-对甲基苯磺酰基-5-氰基吲哚后再与4-氯丁酰氯在无水三氯化铝的催化下进行Friedel-Crafts反应,生成的N-对甲基苯磺酰基-3-(4’-氯丁酰基)-5-氰基吲哚用Na BH4/TFA将其中的羰基还原,得到的N-对甲基苯磺酰基-3-(4’-氯丁基)-5-氰基吲哚可直接与5-哌嗪基-苯并呋喃-2-甲酸乙酯盐酸盐反应,生成的产物再经水解反应得到5-{4-[4-(5-氰基-3-吲哚基)丁基]哌嗪基}苯并呋喃-2-甲酸,五步反应的总收率60.39%。此外,采用该方法只需要对每一步反应产物用重结晶纯化就可以进行后续反应。     

弱碱性条件下α,β-二溴-3-(3'-硝基苯基)丙酸的消除反应研究

以α,β-二溴3-(3'-硝基苯基)丙酸为原料,在不同浓度的乙醇溶液中,以碳酸氢钠和碳酸钠等弱碱为消除试剂进行消除反应,实验表明α,β-二溴-3-(3'-硝基苯基)丙酸经消除反应可得到3-硝基苯乙炔和3-(3'-硝基苯基)-2,3-环氧丙酸,同时采用核磁共振谱和液质联谱进行了结构表征,并对其消除反应的机制进行了探讨.     

光学活性的2-苄基-3-羟基丙酸合成

以丙二酸二乙酯为起始原料,经过苄基化、还原、乙酰化保护、氧化、水解等5个步骤,合成了标题化合物.以水为溶剂,对标题化合物与手性1-苯乙胺形成的非对映异构体盐进行手性拆分,得到了(R)-2-苄基-3-羟基丙酸和(S)-2-苄基-3-羟基丙酸.     

6-溴-2-溴甲基-5-羟基-1-甲基吲哚-3-羧酸乙酯的合成工艺研究

采用5-乙酰氧基-1,2-二甲基吲哚-3-羧酸乙酯和溴素为原料,于四氯化碳中,在过氧化苯甲酰催化下,合成6-溴-2-溴甲基-5-羟基-1-甲基吲哚-3-羧酸乙酯,HPLC进行跟踪检测。采用正交设计研究确定了最佳合成工艺参数为:物料比1为n(5-乙酰氧基-1,2-二甲基吲哚-3-羧酸乙酯)∶n(四氯化碳)=1∶18.3,物料比2为n(5-乙酰氧基-1,2-二甲基吲哚-3-羧酸乙酯)∶n(溴素)=1∶2.84,反应时间5 h,反应温度45℃。在最佳条件下收率为84.6%,纯度为98%以上,达到了优化的目的。     

Ferroelectric Ceramics in the PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3-PbCd1/3Nb2/3O3 System

Solid solutions (1-x)PbMg_1/3Nb_2/3O₃ + xPbCd_1/3Nb_2/3O₃ with x = 0-0.30 are investigated with purpose to work out a capacitor ceramics with good dielectric properties and low sintering temperature. It is found that the perovskite phase forms at sintering near to 980°C and begins to decompose at higher temperatures. When x grows from 0 to 0.30, the Curie temperature linearly grows from -10°C to +25°C, the dielectric permittivity ε_m in the Curie point T_C decreases from 18000 to 6800 and the phase transition becomes more diffused. The dielectric permittivity at room temperature is rather high and the temperature stability is improved. The system is of interest, because it can serve as a base for working out some ceramic materials for capacitors with low sintering temperature, which needs of no special atmosphere at burning.     

3-溴甲基-3-甲基氧杂环丁烷的合成

以2,2-二溴甲基丙醇（BBMP）为初始原料,通过与碱发生关环反应生成3-溴甲基-3-甲基氧杂环丁烷（BrMMO）。讨论了碱的种类和用量对BBMP关环产率的影响以及反应体系中碱的浓度、反应温度和反应时间对合成BrMMO产率的影响。通过实验确定的最佳工艺条件为：BBMP与NaOH摩尔比为1.0∶1.1,NaOH醇溶液的质量分数为12%,反应温度为78℃,反应时间为4h时,BrMMO产率为65%。最终产品经元素分析、IR和1HNMR检测确定为BrMMO。该试验工艺简单,原料易得,且溶剂便于回收、污染小。     

3-叠氮甲基-3-甲基氧丁环的合成

以三羟甲基乙烷与碳酸二乙酯为原料,经环化反应合成了3-羟甲基-3-甲基氧丁环(HMM O)。在低温下,HMM O与对甲苯磺酰氯反应生成3-磺酸酯甲基-3-甲基氧丁环(M TM O)。M TM O和叠氮化钠发生叠氮化反应形成叠氮单体3-叠氮甲基-3-甲基氧丁环(AMM O)。三步反应收率分别为76%,96%,85%。用核磁、红外、元素分析和DSC表征了化合物的结构与性能。结构鉴定表明为目标化合物AMM O。     

3-溴甲基-3-甲基氧杂环丁烷的合成

以2,2-二溴甲基丙醇(BBMP)为初始原料,通过与碱发生关环反应生成3-溴甲基-3-甲基氧杂环丁烷(BrMMO).讨论了碱的种类和用量对BBMP关环产率的影响以及反应体系中碱的浓度、反应温度和反应时间对合成BrMMO产率的影响.通过实验确定的最佳工艺条件为:BBMP与NaOH摩尔比为1.0∶1.1,NaOH醇溶液的质量分数为12%,反应温度为78℃,反应时间为4 h时,BrMMO产率为65%.最终产品经元素分析、IR和1HNMR检测确定为BrMMO.该试验工艺简单,原料易得,且溶剂便于回收、污染小.     

The Preparation and Crystal Structure of TlMnCl3, TlFeCl3, TlCoCl3 and TlNiCl3

The compounds TlMnCl₃, TlFeCl₃, TlCoCl₃ and TlNiCl₃ were prepared by heating T1C1 with the corresponding transition metal dichloride in an evacuated ampoule. Atomic positions were determined from powder photographs. All four compounds were found to be related to the perovskite type structure. TlMnCl₃ has a cubic structure, space group Pm3m, with a_o = 5.025 Å. The other three compounds are hexagonal, probable space group P6₃mc, with cell dimensions (in Å) a₀ = 6.976 and c₀ = 6.008 for the Fe compound, a₀ = 6.907 and c₀ = 5.981 for the Co compound and a₀ = 6.863 and c₀ = 5.881 for the Ni compound. The three hexagonal compounds are isomorphous. A measureable concentration of basal plane stacking faults was found to occur in TlFeCl₃ and also, to a lesser degree, in TlCoCl_3.     

Tunable color emission in LaScO3:Bi3+,Tb3+,Eu3+ phosphor

LaScO₃:xBi³⁺,yTb³⁺,zEu³⁺ (x = 0 − 0.04, y = 0 − 0.05, z = 0 − 0.05) phosphors were prepared via high-temperature solid-state reaction. Phase identification and crystal structures of the LaScO₃:xBi³⁺,yTb³⁺,zEu³⁺ phosphors were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Crystal structure of phosphors was analyzed by Rietveld refinement and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The luminescent performance of these trichromatic phosphors is investigated by diffuse reflection spectra and photoluminescence. The phenomenon of energy transfer from Bi³⁺ and Tb³⁺ to Eu³⁺ in LaScO₃:xBi³⁺,yTb³⁺,zEu³⁺ phosphors was investigated. By changing the ratio of x, y, and z, trichromatic can be obtained in the LaScO₃ host, including red, green, and blue emission with peak centered at 613, 544, and 428 nm, respectively. Therefore, two kinds of white light-emitting phosphors were obtained, LaScO₃:0.02Bi³⁺,0.05Tb³⁺,zEu³⁺ and LaScO₃:0.02Bi³⁺,0.03Eu³⁺,yTb³⁺. The energy transfer was characterized by decay times of the LaScO₃:xBi³⁺, yTb³⁺, zEu³⁺ phosphors. Moreover absolute internal QY and CIE chromatic coordinates are shown. The potential optical thermometry application of LaScO₃:Bi³⁺,Eu³⁺ was based on the temperature sensitivity of the fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR). The maximum S_a and S_r are 0.118 K⁻¹ (at 473.15 K) and 0.795% K⁻¹ (at 448.15 K), respectively. Hence, the LaScO₃:Bi³⁺,Eu³⁺ phosphor is a good material for optical temperature sensing.     

2,2,3-三氯-3-苯基-3-(3-甲基苯甲酰基)丙腈的合成研究

以苯甲酰氯、四氯化碳、间甲基苯甲酰氰为原料,合成了标题化合物。重点考察了氰化过程中不同原料配比、反应温度、时间、溶剂和催化剂用量对收率的影响。实验结果表明,其最佳反应条件为:n(1,1,2-三氯-2-苯基乙烯)∶n(3-甲基苯甲酰氰)=1∶1.2,二氯甲烷为反应溶剂,3 mmol催化剂三乙胺,室温反应5 h,总收率达80.6%。     

Thermal analyses of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate), poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate), and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate)

Thermal analyses of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB), poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) [P(HB–HV)], and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) [P(HB–HHx)] were made with thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). In the thermal degradation of PHB, the onset of weight loss occurred at the temperature (°C) given by T_o = 0.75B + 311, where B represents the heating rate (°C/min). The temperature at which the weight-loss rate was at a maximum was T_p = 0.91B + 320, and the temperature at which degradation was completed was T_f = 1.00B + 325. In the thermal degradation of P(HB–HV) (70:30), T_o = 0.96B + 308, T_p = 0.99B + 320, and T_f = 1.09B + 325. In the thermal degradation of P(HB–HHx) (85:15), T_o = 1.11B + 305, T_p = 1.10B + 319, and T_f = 1.16B + 325. The derivative thermogravimetry curves of PHB, P(HB–HV), and P(HB–HHx) confirmed only one weight-loss step change. The incorporation of 30 mol % 3-hydroxyvalerate (HV) and 15 mol % 3-hydroxyhexanoate (HHx) components into the polyester increased the various thermal temperatures T_o, T_p, and T_f relative to those of PHB by 3–12°C (measured at B = 40°C/min). DSC measurements showed that the incorporation of HV and HHx decreased the melting temperature relative to that of PHB by 70°C. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 82: 90–98, 2001