采样时钟抖动对伪码测距精度的影响

在皮卫星的伪码再生测距中,大量采用数字信号处理技术.而皮卫星体积小、功耗低特点决定只能采用较低指标的晶振源和简化的处理电路,两者带来的A/D采样时钟抖动会影响伪码跟踪环的跟踪性能,进而降低测距精度.分析了A/D采样时钟抖动在伪码测距处理过程中的噪声模型,并对码跟踪环的跟踪性能的影响进行了分析,仿真结果显示A/D采样时钟抖动、采样位数和中频共同作用影响伪码测距精度.     

采样时钟抖动对GPS信号跟踪性能影响研究

本文分析了晶振的漂移对GPS接收机的影响,从锁相环理论的角度,重点分析了采样时钟抖动对基带载波跟踪和伪码跟踪性能的影响,并给出一种环路分级降带宽的方法来消除这种影响.该方法在保证最终伪码跟踪精度的前提下,增加了跟踪环路对动态应力的容忍范围.提高了GPS接收机跟踪环路的稳定性.     

伪码调相雷达高度表中多径信号抑制算法研究

多径误差是伪码调相雷达高度表中重要的误差源之一,为了提高系统的测距精度,建立了采用strobe相关器的伪码跟踪环数学模型,给出了其实现的结构框图;在考虑单路多径信号的基础上分析了多径信号的参数对伪码跟踪环的跟踪误差的影响,并在Matlab环境下对伪码跟踪环的跟踪性能进行了仿真;仿真结果表明在相同的多径参数条件下,strobe相关器可以有效地减小多径引起的跟踪误差,性能优于窄相关器,运算量较多径估计延迟锁定环要小,易于在硬件上实时实现,具有实际应用价值。     

卫星导航信号码跟踪精度理论的适用性研究

针对码跟踪精度理论在导航系统信号体制评估中的广泛应用,利用自主研发的卫星导航信号仿真平台对导航跟踪优化的适用条件进行了研究,对不同载噪比环境、前端接收带宽以及超前滞后间距条件下的信号伪距误差进行了测量,将仿真结果与理论结果对比,分析了实际应用中滤波器、鉴别器的非理想特性对信号码跟踪精度所造成的影响.仿真结果表明,在非相干超前滞后(NELP)码跟踪环的条件下,当载噪比较高时,前端接收带宽接近发射带宽,并在超前滞后间距足够小时,计算结果能够较真实的反映信号的性能,并可以为导航信号体制的理论评估以及新型导航信号的设计提供参考.     

阻抗失配引起的伪码测距误差分析与仿真

在高精度伪码测距系统中,信号收发链路设备连接的阻抗失配将对伪距测量产生附加的误差影响.为了定量分析阻抗失配对伪码测距的误差影响,首先给出了阻抗失配情况下的直序扩频(DS/SS)信号失真模型,在此基础上分析相干延迟锁定环(CDLL)和非相干延迟锁定环(NCDLL)条件下,阻抗失配引起的伪码跟踪误差,推导了跟踪误差的解析表达式,给出了计算机仿真结果.研究结果表明:阻抗失配对伪码跟踪误差的影响可达数ns量级,严重影响伪码测距的准确性;通过良好阻抗匹配和适当提高扩频码速率可以显著的降低伪码测距误差.研究结果可为伪码测距系统的工程实现提供重要的参考.     

应用于卫星测距的非相干二元鉴相延迟锁相环

提出了一种基于内插滤波器的全数字非相干二元鉴相延迟锁相环(Delay locked 1oop,DLL),在分布式卫星地球站系统中实现各地球站与卫星的高精确伪码测距.在多址及AWGN条件下,对环路跟踪特性和测距精度进行了推导分析和计算机仿真.     

一种改进微小卫星伪码测距信噪比的有效方法

微小卫星上的星载测控应答机最基本的功能是接收、解调并转发地面战发来的伪码测距信号,供地面站测距.微小卫星体积小、重量轻、功耗低的特点导致测控应答机工作功率较低和天线增益较小,测距伪码往往淹没在嘈杂的噪声中.严重影响后续信号同步信号提取、解调和检测,降低测距精度,甚至导致无法测距.传统基于功率谱带宽的滤波器只能起到一定程度提高信噪比的作用,本文提出基于最小二乘法问题的最小范数准则进行波形拟合的多项式滤波器方法,能够进一步显著提高信噪比,解决强干扰下伪码信号提取的问题.     

伪码跟踪误差和码片内多径分量的联合估计

对多径环境下的伪码跟踪误差和码片内多径分离作了一些探讨，给出一种联合估计方法。经分析发现，传统伪码跟踪环在多径信道下并不是最佳估计器，接着在不考虑噪声的情况下，通过最小二乘估计多径信道的冲激响应，提出了一种简单的多径分量提取算法，实现了伪码跟踪误差和码片内多径分量的联合估计，给出了仿真结果。最后就噪声问题列出了基于凸集投影算法(POCS)的解决方法。     

共位卫星相对距离测量技术研究

为完成共位卫星的自主导航任务,需要获得多目标之间实时、高精度的相对距离,并进行数据交互。介绍了伪码测距的原理,提出以双向微波链路为基础,运用扩频技术进行同步轨道共位卫星精密相对距离测量。分析了伪码跟踪环路、钟差变化及其它因素对相对测距的影响,并给出了模拟实验研究结果,得出相对测距误差可小于30cm的结论。     

混沌扩频测距方案研究

混沌序列以其相关性好、对初值敏感、保密性强等特性成为直接扩频通信系统中理想的扩频码。为充分发挥混沌序列测距的优点,在分析伪码测距的基本原理基础上,设计了两种混沌扩频测距的方案,利用数字匹配滤波器进行混沌码捕获的方法实现测距,分析了其测距的工作过程、捕获时间和测距精度。通过理论与仿真分析结果表明,利用混沌码作为扩频码实现测距是可行的,且具有高保密性、低截获和适合多目标测距等优点。     

Optimal tracking performance of MIMO control systems with communication constraints and a code scheme

This paper investigates the issue of the optimal tracking performance for multiple-input multiple-output linear time-invariant continuous-time systems with power constrained. An H₂ criterion of the error signal and the signal of the input channel are used as a measure for the tracking performance. A code scheme is introduced as a means of integrating controller and channel design to obtain the optimal tracking performance. It is shown that the optimal tracking performance index consists of two parts, one depends on the non-minimum phase zeros and zero direction of the given plant, as well as the reference input signal, while the other depends on the unstable poles and pole direction of the given plant, as well as on the bandwidth and additive white noise of a communication channel. It is also shown that when the communication does not exist, the optimal tracking performance reduces to the existing normal tracking performance of the control system. The results show how the optimal tracking performance is limited by the bandwidth and additive white noise of the communication channel. A typical example is given to illustrate the theoretical results.     

A tracking loop based on tightly coupled range and velocity filter equations

A joint range-velocity closed tracking loop,which is based on tightly coupled range and velocity filter is proposed.When the measured velocity value is adopted in the range tracking loop to modify the velocity and acceleration equations from traditional α-β-γ filter,the tracking loop based on tightly coupled range and velocity filter can not only track the range and the velocity simultaneously,but also improve the range tracking accuracy.The experimental results show that the tracking errors about range thermal noise in the proposed loop is lower than those in the traditional loop over 2.2 dB,when filter parameters satisfy least mean-square error criterion.Moreover,with the increase of the filter parameter,the tracking performance of our schemes are improved accordingly.     

一种适用于多普勒高阶变化率的载波跟踪算法

针对多普勒高阶变化率的载波跟踪问题,分析了现有二阶锁频环辅助三阶锁相环的局限之处,设计了一种三阶锁频环辅助四阶锁相环的载波跟踪算法,从理论上证明了该算法可以对多普勒高阶变化率信号进行无误差跟踪,并根据环路传递函数和环路带宽,推导出了环路所有参数的计算方法,最后通过环路模式切换及环路带宽设置策略,既加快了整个载波跟踪环路的收敛速度,又提高了载波频率跟踪精度,保证了跟踪的稳定性。仿真结果表明,对于多普勒高阶变化率信号,该算法能够有效地完成信号的载波跟踪并正常解调出原始数字信息,因此有较高的应用价值。     

半无数据调制信号捕获跟踪算法研究

半无数据调制是指在每个节点发送的信号上都调制有同相和正交两路伪码,同相通道上无数据信息,正交通道上调制数据信息,两通道上的伪随机码相互正交。根据半无数据调制的信号样式,采用联合捕获及联合跟踪算法对信号进行基带处理。在捕获阶段,对单通道捕获与相干联合、非相干联合及差分相干联合等捕获算法在捕获概率及捕获时间方面的性能进行对比,在码跟踪、载波跟踪阶段,通过比较单通道跟踪与联合跟踪算法在不同干扰场景下的跟踪误差协方差,选择最佳的捕获及跟踪算法。仿真结果表明,相干联合捕获算法捕获概率最高且平均捕获时间较短,而码环和载波跟踪环的联合跟踪算法具有较高的跟踪精度及可靠性。     

Best Tracking Performance of Networked Control Systems Based on Communication Constraints

The best tracking problem for a single‐input‐single‐output (SISO) networked control system with communication constraints is studied in this paper. The tracking performance is measured by the energy of the error signal between the output of the plant and the reference signal. The communication constraints under consideration are finite bandwidth and networked induced‐delay. Explicit expressions of the minimal tracking error have been obtained for networked control systems with or without communication constraints. It is shown that the best tracking performance dependents on the nonminimum phase zeros, and unstable poles of the given plant, as well as the bandwidth and networked induced‐delay. It is also shown that, if the constraints of the communication channel do not exist, the best tracking performance reduces to the existing tracking performance of the control system without communication constraints. The result shows how the bandwidth and networked induced‐delay of a communication channel may fundamentally constrain a control system's tracking capability. Some typical examples are given to illustrate the theoretical results.     

Optimal tracking performance of MIMO discrete‐time systems with communication constraints

The optimal tracking problem for multiple‐input multiple‐output linear‐time‐invariant discrete‐time systems with communication constraints in the feedback path is studied in this paper. The tracking performance is measured by the energy of the error signal between the output of the plant and the reference signal. The objective is to obtain an optimal tracking performance, attainable by all possible stabilizing compensators. It is shown that the optimal tracking performance consists of two parts, one depends on the nonminimum phase zeros and zero direction of the given plant, as well as the reference input signal direction, and the other depends on the nonminimum phase zeros, unstable poles, and pole direction of the given plant, as well as the bandwidth and additive white Gaussian noise of the communication channel. It is also shown that, if the constraint of the communication channel does not exist, the optimal tracking performance reduces to the existing tracking performance of the control system without communication constraints. A typical example is given to illustrate the theoretical results. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

多通道约束下的网络控制系统的最优跟踪性能

本文针对双通道约束下的线性时不变网络控制系统的随机信号跟踪性能极限问题进行了研究.网络通信包含通信噪声和通信带宽两种信道因素.被控系统考虑是非最小相位和不稳定系统,并且系统包含多个不同的非最小相位零点和多个不同的不稳定极点.对上行通道和下行通道都存在通信带宽约束及高斯白噪声影响的情形,从频域角度,通过采用双自由度控制器和尤拉参数化方法,获得了此类网络控制系统的最优可达的跟踪性能.研究结果表明网络控制系统的跟踪性能极限完全由被控对象的结构特征(非最小相位零点、不稳定极点以及被控对象的系统增益),参考输入信号和网络特性(高斯白噪声的统计特征、通信信道带宽)所决定.最后,仿真结果检证了所得结果的正确性.     

Multipath effects on vector tracking algorithm for GNSS signal

The vector tracking algorithm uses a single extended Kalman filter （EKF） to predict the time-delays and the Doppler deviations of the GNSS signal, while also estimating the user＇s position, velocity, and clock state. In this paper, the effects of multipath on the tracking performance of the vector delay / frequency lock loop （VDFLL） is studied for better application in the multipath environment. The error expressions of the measurements are given in theory. The tracking error caused by multipath is reduced by VDFLL, which is proved by the tracking error of VDFLL through a new iterating method. The theoretical analysis is verified by the Monte Carlo simulation.