纤维素接枝共聚物对Cu2+和Ni2+吸附性能的研究

以己内酯为单体,在绿色溶剂离子液体中对纤维素进行接枝改性。研究了改性纤维素对金属离子Cu2+、Ni 2+的吸附性能,考察了金属溶液初始质量浓度和温度对吸附效果的影响,对比了改性纤维素对Cu2+和Ni 2+的吸附效果,同时对Cu2+的吸附热力学进行了研究。结果表明,在温度为298K,时间为2h时,改性纤维素对Cu2+、Ni 2+的吸附量分别为133mg/g、40.4mg/g;Cu2+初始质量浓度的增加及温度的降低有利于吸附的进行;改性纤维素对Cu2+的静态等温吸附符合Langmuir和Freundlich吸附等温式,吸附过程是放热过程。     

多官能团化棉花秸秆吸附剂的制备及其Cu2+、Ni2+的吸附研究

利用经酒石酸和三氯氧磷酯化改性的棉花秸秆吸附废水中的Cu2+和Ni 2+,研究了不同吸附条件(如:温度、pH值、吸附剂用量、吸附时间)对吸附效果的影响。改性棉花秸秆对Cu2+、Ni 2+的吸附受pH影响较大,受温度影响较小,在优化的吸附条件下,改性棉花秸秆对Cu2+、Ni 2+的吸附容量分别达9.78、1.65mg/g。棉花秸秆对Cu2+、Ni 2+的吸附过程均遵循拟二级反应动力学方程。     

浒苔吸附废水中Pb2+的性能及其影响因素

以往,少见浒苔对废水中Pb2+吸附的研究报道。通过浒苔对铅的吸附试验,研究了浒苔对水溶液中Pb2+的吸附性能及影响因素,考察了pH值、Pb2+初始浓度、吸附时间、吸附剂用量等因素对吸附效果的影响。结果表明:浒苔对Pb2+有较强的吸附能力;当含Pb2+废水pH值为4.0时,以1 g/L浒苔处理50 mg/L Pb2+废水,吸附效率可达82%;吸附过程符合Langmuir和Freundlich等温吸附模型。     

玉米须吸附剂去除水溶液中Pb2+的研究

利用废弃物玉米须制备生物质吸附剂,研究其对废水中重金属Pb2+的吸附效果。考察体系pH值、Pb2+初始浓度、吸附剂添加量以及共存离子K+、Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+对吸附率的影响。结果表明:在25℃,玉米须吸附Pb2+的最佳pH值为4.0;吸附剂添加量为0.150g,金属初始浓度为40mg/L时,吸附率高达99%以上。其动力学数据符合准二级动力学模型,Langmuir-Freundlich模型成功拟合了平衡数据,由该模型所得吸附剂的最大吸附容量为68.533mg/g。利用Zeta电位仪、红外光谱仪和扫描电镜进一步探讨玉米须对重金属的吸附机理。结果表明:玉米须外表面遍布墙形褶皱,断面存在孔道,这有利于对Pb2+的吸附;当体系pH>2.0时,玉米须颗粒表面带负电,可以和Pb2+发生静电吸附;-COOH、-OH、-C=O等含氧官能团参与了吸附过程。     

玉米须吸附剂去除水溶液中Pb2+的研究

利用废弃物玉米须制备生物质吸附剂,研究其对废水中重金属Pb2+的吸附效果。考察体系pH值、Pb2+初始浓度、吸附剂添加量以及共存离子K+、Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+对吸附率的影响。结果表明:在25℃,玉米须吸附Pb2+的最佳pH值为4.0;吸附剂添加量为0.150g,金属初始浓度为40mg/L时,吸附率高达99%以上。其动力学数据符合准二级动力学模型,Langmuir-Freundlich模型成功拟合了平衡数据,由该模型所得吸附剂的最大吸附容量为68.533mg/g。利用Zeta电位仪、红外光谱仪和扫描电镜进一步探讨玉米须对重金属的吸附机理。结果表明:玉米须外表面遍布墙形褶皱,断面存在孔道,这有利于对Pb2+的吸附;当体系pH>2.0时,玉米须颗粒表面带负电,可以和Pb2+发生静电吸附;-COOH、-OH、-C=O等含氧官能团参与了吸附过程。     

聚季铵盐聚丙烯酰胺对电镀废水中Ni2+的吸附性能研究

在静态条件下,对聚季铵盐聚丙烯酰胺(PQAAM)吸附含Ni2 的电镀废水进行了研究,探讨了PQAAM用量、废水pH值、吸附时间、吸附温度对去除Ni2 效果的影响.结果表明,在废水pH值为6.0～8.0、Ni2 浓度0～100 mg/L范围内,吸附时间为80 min、吸附温度为20℃时,按Ni2 与PQAAM质量比为1∶30投加PQAAM进行处理,Ni2 去除率可达98%以上.含Ni2 电镀废水经PQAMM吸附后,废水中Ni2 的含量低于国家排放标准.     

十六烷基三甲基溴化铵和壳聚糖季铵盐复合改性膨润土对水中苯胺和Cd2+的协同吸附研究

采用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTMAB)和壳聚糖季铵盐(HACC)复合改性膨润土,制得CT-MAB-HACC膨润土。并将该有机膨润土用于水溶液中苯胺和Cd2+的协同吸附。调查了pH、吸附剂投加量、吸附时间、Cd2+和苯胺初始浓度等因素对吸附效果的影响。实验结果表明,CTMAB-HACC膨润土能同时有效地去除有机污染物苯胺和Cd2+,其对水中苯胺和Cd2+的吸附分别源于分配作用和螯合作用。Cd2+的存在对苯胺的吸附率基本没有影响,但苯胺的存在对Cd2+的吸附有促进作用。     

飞灰吸附处理电镀废水中Cu2+的研究

以垃圾焚烧发电厂产生的飞灰为吸附剂,就飞灰对电镀废水中Cu2 的静态吸附特性进行了试验研究,着重探讨了平衡时间、pH值、飞灰剂量、溶液初始浓度等因素对Cu2 吸附效果的影响.结果表明,飞灰吸附处理电镀废水中Cu2 的吸附平衡时间为2 h;pH值是影响飞灰吸附废水中Cu2 的重要因素,pH=6时吸附效果最好,对Cu2 的去除率可达到87.01%;飞灰对Cu2 的吸附等温线较好地符合Henry模型和Freundlich模型,但不符合Langmuir模型.     

NaCl-MnO2联合改性沸石对水中Zn2+的动态吸附

研究了NaCl-MnO₂改性沸石填料柱对水中Zn²⁺的动态吸附性能。探讨了填料厚度、Zn²⁺的初始质量浓度和流速对穿透曲线的影响。结果表明,NaCl-MnO₂改性沸石能有效去除水中的Zn²,填料层增厚,穿透曲线上的穿透点向右移动,穿透时间延长;而流速、Zn²⁺的初始浓度增大,穿透曲线上的穿透点向左移动,穿透时间缩短;用Thomas模型描述Zn²⁺初始质量浓度为50mg/L、滤速为4mL/min时改性沸石对Zn²⁺的吸附动力学,相关系数为0.9994,平衡吸附容量为12.04mg/g。     

水热法合成TiO2/Fe3+光催化剂及其氧化降解亚甲基蓝

以硫酸钛为钛源,采用水热法合成了TiO2/Fe3+光催化剂,利用XRD对产物晶体结构进行表征,研究在紫外光(365nm)照射下用合成的TiO2/Fe3+粉末催化降解亚甲基蓝的效果,分析了亚甲基蓝初始浓度、TiO2/Fe3+用量、掺Fe3+量、光照时间和溶液初始pH值等因素的影响;考察了溶液初始pH值对TiO2/Fe3+粉末的吸附性能和光催化活性的影响。结果表明:合成的TiO2/Fe3+晶体为锐钛矿型(A-TiO2)。在4mg/L的亚甲基蓝溶液(pH=8)中,加入掺Fe3+量0.8%(摩尔分数)合成的TiO2/Fe3+粉末使其用量为0.6g/L,室温下紫外光照反应6h,亚甲基蓝的降解率达到98.2%。在上述优化条件下,当溶液的pH<6时,催化剂对亚甲基蓝的吸附量和光催化效率均较低,且二者随pH升高而显著增加;当pH≥6时,对亚甲基蓝的吸附作用较大,因此较明显地提高了光催化活性。     

改性沸石对电镀废水中Pb2+、Zn2+、Ni2+的吸附

将天然沸石进行处理制备出多孔质改性沸石颗粒。在静态条件下，研究了改性沸石颗粒对重金属离子Pb^2 ,Zn^2 ,Ni^2 的吸附效果及条件，含Pb^2 ,Zn^2 ,Ni^2 的电镀废水经改性沸石颗粒吸附后，废水中Pb^2 ,Zn^2 ,Ni^2 的含量低于国家排放标准。     

NpO 2 + -UO 2 2+ cation-cation interaction in NaCl-KCl-CsCl and LiCl-KCl-CsCl eutectic melts

Absorption spectra of the NpO ₂ ⁺ ion in UO ₂ ²⁺ -containing NaCl-KCl-CsCl (0.300:0.245:0.455) and LiCl-KCl-CsCl (0.575:0.165:0.260) eutectic melts in the region of the 5f-5f transitions, 700–2000 nm, were studied at 650 and 500°C, respectively. Processing of the spectra allowed the previously discovered phenomenon, cation-cation interaction of actinides in melts, to be interpreted for the first time in terms of the mass action law. It was shown that, at the concentrations of the interacting components studied (C _Np = 0.2 M and C _U = 0.1–2 M), a 1: 1 NpO ₂ ⁺ ·UO ₂ ²⁺ cation-cation complex is formed. Its concentration stability constant was estimated at 0.06(6) and 0.11 1 mol^?1 for the NaCl-KCl-CsCl and LiCl-KCl-CsCl systems, respectively.     

胶团强化超滤中SDS胶团对Cd^2＋，Zn^2＋和Pb^2＋的竞争吸附

胶团强化超滤法是一种将表面活性剂技术和超滤技术结合的新型、高效的重金属废水治理方法.以十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)为表面活性剂,对含单一镉、锌、铅溶质以及混合溶质体系进行了胶团强化超滤研究,考察了胶团对Cd2 ,Zn2 ,Pb2 的竞争吸附性能.研究发现,当溶液中多种二价重金属离子存在时,各离子之间存在与SDS胶团的竞争吸附,竞争能力为Pb2 ＞Zn2 ＞Cd2 ;Cd-Zn有明显的协同吸附效应,而Cd-Pb,Zn-Pb则表现为拮抗吸附.     

On the Eu2+-Mn2+ energy transfer in BaMgF4

Energy transfer from Eu²⁺ to Mn²⁺ ions is shown to occur in BaMgF₄ : Eu, Mn crystals. The efficiency of this transfer is moderate. This is attributed to the fact that Eu²⁺ and Mn²⁺ ions are distributed randomly in the host lattice. Quantitative evaluation leads to the suggestion that the transfer is restricted to only seven neighbors at 4.0 Å and is thus exchange mediated.     

Observable effects of Ca2+ buffers on local Ca2+ signals

Calcium signals participate in a large variety of physiological processes. In many instances, they involve calcium entry through inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP(3)) receptors (IP(3)Rs), which are usually organized in clusters. Recent high-resolution optical experiments by Smith & Parker have provided new information on Ca(2+) release from clustered IP(3)Rs. In the present paper, we use the model recently introduced by Solovey & Ponce Dawson to determine how the distribution of the number of IP(3)Rs that become open during a localized release event may change by the presence of Ca(2+) buffers, substances that react with Ca(2+), altering its concentration and transport properties. We then discuss how buffer properties could be extracted from the observation of local signals.     

锰矿尾渣对Cu2+和Ni2+的吸附性能研究

研究了锰矿尾渣对重金属离子Cu2 和Ni2 的吸附性能,分析了锰矿尾渣的吸附动力学,就吸附时间、Cu2 和Ni2 浓度及pH值等因素对锰矿尾渣吸附性能的影响作了系统考察,并对锰矿尾渣的吸附机理进行了初步探讨.结果表明,在温度为25°℃、pH值为7.5的条件下,锰矿尾渣对Cu2 和Ni2 的吸附容量可达到1.6 mg/g以上,去除率均可达到97.5%以上,适宜于处理含低浓度Cu2 或Ni2 的废水.锰矿尾渣的吸附机理为离子交换吸附和表面配位吸附.     

ESR of Cu2+and Tl2+ in thallium borate glasses

The electron spin resonance (ESR) and optical absorption spectra of Cu²⁺ were measured in thallium borate glasses in order to investigate the effects of glass transition temperature,T _g, upon the responses of cupric ion in alkali borate glasses. The ESR of Tl²⁺ induced by-ray irradiation was also obtained. An abrupt increase in the covalency of in-plane Cu²⁺-O-bonding was observed in the Tl₂O system as well as in the Na₂O system in a similar B₂O₃ composition range althoughT _g for the Tl₂O glasses has little dependency on the composition compared with the Na₂O glasses. The trend in the variation of the S-character of the Tl²⁺ unpaired electron with composition agreed with that of the covalency of in-plane Cu²⁺-O-bonding. The structure of the anion group present in Tl₂O glasses was also examined by laser reman spectroscopy.     

酸改性膨润土吸附去除镍镉离子的研究

在静态条件下,研究了改性膨润土对重金属离子的吸附性能和吸附机理,着重探讨了改性膨润土去除模拟水样中重金属离子Ni2 ,Cd2 的适宜条件及改性膨润土的再生方法.结果表明,改性膨润土对Ni2 ,Cd2 具有较好的吸附性能;pH值是影响改性膨润土对重金属离子吸附的重要因素,不同的金属离子都有其适宜的pH值范围.吸附的最佳条件是pH值5.0～7.0,废水中Ni2 ,Cd2 含量不大于45 mg/L,搅拌时间约60 min.利用改性膨润土吸附处理Ni2 ,Cd2 含量小于45 mg/L的模拟水样,效果很好,Ni2 ,Cd2 的去除率均可分别达到98.5%以上,出水可达到国家排放标准.     

Characterization of various Eu2+ sites in Ca2SiO4:Eu2+ and Ba2SiO4:Eu2+ by high-pressure spectroscopy

Photoluminescence of Ba₂SiO₄ and Ca₂SiO₄ activated with Eu²⁺ was investigated at various temperatures (from 10 K to 300 K) and pressures (from ambient to 200 kbar). At ambient pressure and room temperature, under UV excitation both phosphors yielded a green emission band with maxima at 505 nm and 510 nm for Ba₂SiO₄ and Ca₂SiO₄, respectively. The energies of these bands depended on pressure; the pressure shifts were ?12:55 cm^?1/kbar for Ba₂SiO₄:Eu²⁺; and ?5:59 cm^?1/kbar for Ca₂SiO₄:Eu²⁺. In the case of Ca₂SiO₄:Eu²⁺, we observed additional broadband emission at lower energies with a maximum at 610 nm (orange band). The orange and green emission in Ca₂SiO₄:Eu²⁺ had different excitation spectra: the green band could be excited at wavelengths shorter than 470 nm, whereas the orange band — at wavelengths shorter than 520 nm. The pressure caused a red shift of orange emission of 7.83 cm^?1/kbar. The emission peaked at 510 nm was attributed to the 4f⁶5d→4f⁷(⁸S₇₌₂) transition of Eu²⁺ in the β — Ca₂SiO₄:Eu²⁺ phase, whereas the emission peaked at 610 nm — to the γ — Ca₂SiO₄:Eu²⁺ phase. The emission of Ba₂SiO₄:Eu²⁺ peaked at 505 nm was attributed to the 4f⁶5d→ 4f⁷(⁸S_7/2) transition of Eu²⁺ in the β — Ba₂SiO₄ phase.