乳化液膜去除焦化废水中苯酚的初步研究

采用乳化液膜法去除焦化废水中的苯酚,建立了以磷酸三丁酯(TBP)为载体、Span-80为表面活性剂、煤油作膜溶剂及NaOH溶液为内相的乳化液膜体系.首先采用红外光谱分析得出TBP与酚类物质属氢键缔合.其次通过液膜稳定性实验表明,当表面活性剂体积分数为5%、油内比为1∶1、制乳时间为30 min、制乳转速为2 000 r/min时,可以得到较为稳定的乳化液膜.最后根据分离实验结果得出,当表面活性剂体积分数为5%、NaOH溶液浓度为0.5 mol/L、载体体积分数为0.2%、乳水比为1/3时,苯酚的迁移率可达到95%以上.     

乳状液膜法处理H酸废水的实验研究

以Span-80、FSN-100为复合表面活性剂,TOA为流动载体,研究了乳状液膜处理H酸废水时TOA浓度、内相NaOH浓度、油内比Roi、外相pH、乳水比Rew及搅拌强度等因素对废水COD去除率指标的影响,分析了其内在影响因素的规律性.同时,实验结果表明乳状液膜法处理H酸废水具有较好的应用前景.     

乳状液膜法处理含铬废水的研究

采用以磷酸三丁酯(TBP)为载体、T152为表面活性剂、磺化煤油为膜溶剂、液体石蜡为膜增强剂、NaOH为内相试剂的乳状液膜体系提取分离废水中的铬(Ⅵ).在探明料液pH值、内水相NaOH浓度、T152浓度、载体用量以及乳水比和油内比对提取效率影响的基础上,确立了最适分离条件.结果表明,含铬(Ⅵ)废水经处理后,去除率达99%以上,铬(Ⅵ)残留量＜0.5mg/L,能达到排放标准.     

液膜常用表面活性剂对青霉素提取率及液膜溶胀的研究

采用以磷酸三丁酯(TBP)为流动载体,液体石蜡为膜相添加剂,煤油为膜溶剂与表面活性剂组成的W/O型乳状液膜体系提取模拟发酵液中的青霉素,考察了单一表面活性剂、混合表面活性剂对青霉素传质和液膜溶胀的影响.实验结果表明:聚胺类表面活性剂(兰113B、N205、ECA4360)对青霉素的提取率优于酯类表面活性剂(span80),且用量少、液膜溶胀率低;酯类表面活性剂与聚胺类表面活性剂不能配伍使用,聚胺类表面活性剂混合性能优于单一表面活性剂,有利于提高青霉素的传质,降低液膜溶胀.表面活性剂在液膜分离中起着极为重要的作用,直接影响着液膜的稳定性、溶胀性能及液膜的破乳.选择性能优良的表面活性剂,适宜的液膜配方和操作条件,有利于控制液膜溶胀,提高青霉素的提取率.     

NaOH体系乳状液膜法提取镍的机理研究

以NaOH作为内水相沉淀剂、Span80为表面活性剂、磷酸三丁酯(TBP)为流动载体、液体石蜡为膜增强剂、煤油为膜溶剂,采用乳状液膜技术提取溶液中的镍。采用微分研究Span80-TBP-NaOH体系乳状液膜传输镍的反应动力学过程,采用拉曼光谱研究Span80-TBP-NaOH体系乳状液膜膜内反应。结果表明,Span80-TBP-NaOH体系为一级扩散控制过程;比较提取镍前、后乳液的光谱图,证明了膜内反应的发生,比较破乳后油相与原始油相的拉曼光谱,表明油相可以重复利用。     

液膜接触法处理含铜废水的实验研究

探讨以P204为流动载体的液体表面活性剂膜从酸性水溶液中分离二价铜离子的过程，并对影响二价铜离子透过液膜的重要变量进行分析，这些变量主要是外部水相中的起始铜浓度、外相溶液中的起始pH值、液膜流动载体浓度、乳水比、内相峻浓度等．实验结果表明：较佳膜相组成的液膜能把废水溶液中铜离子浓度从100mg/L降到0．9mg/L;铜萃取率大于99％．     

乳状液膜法处理苯胺类染化废水

采用非流动载体乳状液膜法处理高碱性舍氨和苯胺类化合物的染化废水。考察了表面活性剂种类和浓度、内水相硫酸浓度、外水相pH等对迁移率的影响。实验表明，当采用2％LMA—1煤油溶液为油膜相和2mol／L硫酸溶液为内水相时，经过二级液膜提取分离，含有5000mg／L氨和600mg／L苯胺类化合物的高碱性染化废水中氨和苯胺类物质的迁移率可达98％以上。     

用TOA为流动载体的乳状液膜提取对氨基苯磺酸

研究了以三辛胺(TOA)为流动载体的乳状液膜法提取对氨基苯磺酸(PASA)的最优膜配方及工艺条件.结果表明:以3%聚胺型表面活性剂(质量分数),4%TOA(体积分数),10%NaOH(质量分数),油内比Roi为2∶1的乳状液膜体系,处理初始浓度为5 000 mg/LPASA废水,在pH值为3,乳水比Rew为1∶5的传质条件下,提取率可达90%以上.     

乳状液膜法提取赖氨酸

研究了用乳状液膜法提取赖氨酸的液膜配方及一些重要操作参数 ,初步得出了既能相对减少溶胀 ,又能保持较高分离效率的膜组成及最佳工艺条件 .赖氨酸提取的液膜组成为 :载体二 - (2 -乙基己基 )磷酸脂 7% (质量分数 ) ,表面活性剂 (Span - 80 ) 5 % (质量分数 ) ,膜溶剂 5 0 % (体积分数 )液体石蜡和 5 0 %煤油 .内相选用 0 .5mol/L的HCl溶液 ,处理比为 3.75 ,提取率可达 72 .6 %     

脱除CO2的膜吸收过程研究

研究了用中空纤维膜组件脱除CO2的吸收过程,制备了一系列不同装填率的中空纤维膜组件．用这些膜组件进行实验,以不同浓度的单乙醇胺（MEA）溶液为吸收剂,研究了气液两相的流量和浓度、组件的装填率、吸收剂的循环使用等因素对CO2膜吸收过程的影响．实验结果表明：气、液相流量的增大和液相MEA浓度的增加都可使CO2的传质通量增大;气相CO2浓度的增加会使总传质系数减小;在组件进口气液流量和浓度相同的条件下,组件装填率（0．5％～21％）的变大有利于CO2的脱除;随着吸收液循环次数的增加,CO2的传质通量和其脱除率都会降低．     

液膜法处理高氟废水研究

利用Ｎ２０５－Ｎ１９２３－煤油液膜体系，ＣａＣｌ２溶液作内相，对高氟废水的处理进行了研究。利用正交实验确定了影响最大的因素，并研究了各种因素对处理的影响。经３０ｍｉｎ处理，外相Ｆ＾－浓度可由０．５００ｇ／Ｌ降至０．０１０ｇ／Ｌ以下，可达到工业排放标准。     

Optimization of process parameters for the extraction of chromium (VI) by emulsion liquid membrane using response surface methodology

The emulsion liquid membrane technique was used for the extraction of hexavalent chromium ions from aqueous solution of waste sodium dichromate recovered from the pharmaceutical industry wastewater. The liquid membrane used was composed of kerosene oil as the solvent, Span-80 as the surfactant and potassium hydroxide as internal reagent. Trioctyl amine and Aliquat-336 were used as carriers. The emulsion stability was carried out at different surfactant concentration, agitation speed and emulsification time. Statistical experimental design was applied for the optimization of process parameters for the extraction of chromium by emulsion liquid membrane. The effects of process parameters namely, agitation speed, membrane to emulsion (M/E) ratio and carrier concentration on the extraction of chromium were optimized using a response surface method. The optimum conditions for the extraction of chromium (VI) using response surface methodology for Trioctyl amine were: agitation speed – 201.369 rpm, M/E ratio – 0.5887% (v/v) and carrier concentration – 4.0932% (v/v) and for Aliquat-336: agitation speed – 202.097 rpm, M/E ratio – 0.5873% (v/v) and carrier concentration – 3.9211% (v/v). At the optimized condition the maximum chromium extraction was found to be 89.2% and 96.15% using Trioctyl amine and Aliquat-336, respectively.     

Extraction of Co(II) from aqueous solution using emulsion liquid membrane

The extraction equilibrium of Co(II) from thiocyanate medium by CYANEX 923 (mixture of straight chain alkylated phosphine oxides) in cyclohexane was studied. The stoichiometry of the extraction reaction was postulated based on slope analysis method and the extraction constant Kex was calculated. The stripping percentage of Co(II) with sulphuric acid from the loaded CYANEX 923 was found to increase with the increase in acid concentration. The extraction of Co(II) from aqueous thiocyanate medium into emulsion liquid membrane using CYANEX 923 extractant was also studied. The influence of different parameters such as stirring speed, surfactant concentration, pH of the extractant phase, carrier concentration, internal phase stripping acid concentration, initial Co(II) concentration as well as temperature on the emulsion stability were investigated. The applicability of the emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) process using CYANEX 923 as extractant and SPAN 80 as surfactant for the removal and the concentration of Co(II) from thiocyanate solution was investigated. The results show that it is possible to recover 95% of cobalt in the inner phase after 10 min of contacting time with a concentration factor of 5.     

用含两亲高分子的液膜迁移痕量Cr3+

将两亲高分子聚(甲基丙烯酸十二酯一丙烯酸)作为膜稳定剂加到由Span-80、P507、煤油、液体石蜡和水等组成的W／O型乳液膜中，研究了此体系对痕量Cr^3 的迁移作用。结果表明，由于两亲高分子的空间稳定作用而导致乳液膜对Cr^3 具有较高的迁移效率。     

Study on a new surfactant for removal of phenol from wastewater by emulsion liquid membrane

Removal of phenol from wastewater using emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) is studied in present study. A new polyamine-type surfactant was synthesized and used for stabilizing of the emulsion phase. The results for the emulsion made by the synthesized surfactant showed much better stability and performance in the separation process compared to that by conventionally used Span 80. To determine the optimum operation conditions, the effect of several parameters such as emulsifier concentration, concentration of NaOH in the internal phase, oil to internal phase volume ratio, mixing intensity, temperature, solvent type, and stabilizer concentration have been investigated. It was found that under the optimum conditions, more than 98% of phenol can be removed in a single-stage process. The removal efficiency can be increased to 99.8% in a two-stage process.     

N263为载体的乳状液膜稳定性的研究

针对Ｎ２６３为载体的乳状液膜稳定性问题，研究了单一表面活性剂、混合表面活性剂、载体、膜相添加剂、外水相酸度及实验操作温度因素对液膜稳定性的影响。并探讨了表面活性剂Ｂ值与液膜稳定 之间的关系，从而得出一些影响乳状液膜稳定性规律的有效结论。     

乳状液膜法提取青霉素G的研究

使用青霉素Ｇ钠盐纯品溶液,模拟考察了乳状液膜法分离青霉素的条件．着重研究了提取率与膜中载体类型、Ｓｐａｎ－８０用量的关系,优化出最佳提取条件,在最佳条件下青霉素的提取率可达９２％,浓缩比可达９．     

油内比和表面活性剂浓度对（稀型）乳状液膜工业过程的影响

在当前破乳技术的基础上,用稀型乳状液膜法治理粘胶纤维工业酸性含锌废水、选择稀型乳状液的油内比Ｒｏｉ大于３,表面活性剂Ｔ１５４的体积分数降至０．６％的条件,在工业上实现了含锌废水的处理,这过程既无二次污染,又 收锌资源,具有一定的经济效益。     

表面活性剂对液膜法提取柠檬酸影响的研究

表面活性剂种类和浓度对液膜法提取柠檬酸的提取率和乳液溶胀都有一定影响 .在给定条件下 ,提取率随表面活性剂浓度的增大而提高 ,由LMA -1所制成的液膜对柠檬酸的提取率比Span -80高 ,且产生的乳液溶胀也比较小