发展迅猛的PLC控制技术：———工厂自动化的网络控制技术（二）

工厂自动化(FA)是制造技术、自动化技术、信息技术和管理技术等相互渗透和发展的产物。它是一种集管理和生产于一体的高度自动化模式。实现工厂自动化的关键,则是计算机组网技术,而现场总线无疑成了工业级网络的核心。     

智能无人机械工厂自动化控制分析与优化

文章旨在解决当前智能无人工厂在实际应用中面临的挑战,如物联网技术的有效融合、生产自动化的实现难题以及智能化管理的需求。针对这些问题,深入分析并提出了优化策略,旨在实现高效、可持续的智能工厂运行模式。文章内容涵盖了智能制造概念的起源与发展,全球主要工业国家的智能制造发展规划,以及智能工厂的总体技术框架。特别强调了在物联网和人工智能技术日益普及的背景下,如何通过技术创新和策略调整,推动传统制造业向智能化、自动化方向转型。重点在于分析智能工厂的技术框架,探讨如何优化现有的智能制造系统,并在我国智能制造工厂的实际应用中提出具体的改进建议,以期为后续智能工厂的设计和建设提供参考价值。通过这些研究,期望为实现更高效、节能且环保的生产模式提供理论支撑和实践指导。     

基于3C行业自动化智慧工厂应用

随着新一轮工业技术的发展,在3C行业传统的工业自动化已经不能满足其生产要求,机器人自动化技术的无人工厂已成为发展趋势,它具有节省人力,提高生产效率,降低生生产成本,便于高效管理等优势。通过对3C行业工艺的调研,基于自动化,智能化,无人化的方向,结合3C行业产品更新迭代快等特点,设计了一条微型自动化无人生产线。该生产线在传统自动化基础上,使用协作机器人、信息化控制系统、数字孪生系统等技术,打造出全新的无人化智能工厂。目前微型无人工厂已经稳定运行,真正实现了无人自动化,其技术水平处于行业领先,对于打造车间里的无人化智能工厂具有指导意义。     

WIA-FA工厂自动化无线网络

工业无线传感器网络以其低成本、易使用、易维护等优点,具有广泛的应用前景,已成为降低工业测控系统成本、扩展应用范畴的革命性技术。WIA-FA无线网络系统是专门针对工厂自动化高实时、高可靠性要求而研究开发的一组工厂自动化无线数据传输解决方案,适用于工厂自动化或者其它对速度及可靠性要求较高的应用场景建立的工业无线局域网络,是工厂自动化生产线实现在线可重构的重要使能技术,将助推我国制造业的转型升级。     

工厂电气自动化控制技术在生产工作中的应用

目前电气自动化控制技术不断发展,相比于传统的人工生产及操作技术,电气自动化控制技术的应用效益更高,是现阶段工厂生产及发展体系的重要组成部分。本文就电气自动化控制技术展开分析,旨在提升现代化工厂生产及发展水平。     

发展中的工厂自动化探索

近年来,我国经济与科技水平不断提升,各行业领域均在进行深化改革,以创新出更具科学性及技术性的科技技术,确保自身也在市场之中占据一席之地。以工业企业为例,工业企业历经了多个发展历程,由原本的机械化生产模式逐步向着全面自动化生产模式转变,基于此,本文便事先简述了由日本的工程自动化的发展历程及工厂自动化设备国际市场的增长趋势,并以上文做参考,介绍了自动化技术与我国发展的趋势。     

智能透明汽车工厂的构建与实施

以一个实际的智能工厂项目为依托,系统研究了智能工厂的构架和具体建设实施方法,形成了包括工厂智能设计、智能生产、智能物流、智能管理等多个方面的智能制造与汽车制造业务流程有机结合的系统体系。在此基础上,构建了数字化工厂、自动化柔性生产线、物流管理系统、智能管理中心等智能制造基础设施,制定了智能工厂的相应标准,并通过应用工业互联网、大数据等技术,实现了自动化、信息化和数字化在智能工厂体系中的融合,给出了智能透明汽车工厂具体的实施思路和体系框架。     

规模化生产中智慧工厂的初步建立

以产品在CNC规模化生产过程为背景,提出并分析了工厂自动化所经历的三个重要的发展阶段及其特点,即单一化、连接化及智慧化的建立。工厂自动化在规模化生产过程中,不仅提高了生产效率,降低人的生产参预度,更重要的是通过细化生产过程,不断消除人对产能、工艺、品质、成本等生产要素的不利影响,提升人力价值。通过对CNC智慧工厂实际生产案例的分析,提出了"自动化+互联网+精益生产=智慧工厂"的生产模式,构建工厂生态循环系统,不断提升技术管理的价值度,使工厂自动化真正融入生产工艺及管理细节中,用科学化管理替代传统人治模式。     

电气自动化在现代工厂中的运用

本文主要探究电气自动化在现代工厂中的运用,分析电气自动化的应用特点、功能以及应用策略,以期为我国工厂电气自动化技术的科学应用提供借鉴。     

工厂自动化和过程自动化的完美演绎 2006亚洲国际工厂自动化和过程自动化技术与设备展览会

由中国机械工程学会、德国汉诺威展览公司及汉诺威展览会(中国)有限公司联合主办的2006亚洲国际工厂自动化和过程自动化技术与设备展览会(简称亚洲自动化展)将     

Calibration method to characterize the accuracy of phase-shifting point diffraction interferometer

Characterization of measurement accuracy of the phase-shifting point diffraction interferometer (PS∕PDI) is usually performed by two-pinhole null test. In this procedure, the geometrical coma and detector tilt astigmatism systematic errors are almost one or two magnitude higher than the desired accuracy of PS∕PDI. These errors must be accurately removed from the null test result to achieve high accuracy. Published calibration methods, which can remove the geometrical coma error successfully, have some limitations in calibrating the astigmatism error. In this paper, we propose a method to simultaneously calibrate the geometrical coma and detector tilt astigmatism errors in PS∕PDI null test. Based on the measurement results obtained from two pinhole pairs in orthogonal directions, the method utilizes the orthogonal and rotational symmetry properties of Zernike polynomials over unit circle to calculate the systematic errors introduced in null test of PS∕PDI. The experiment using PS∕PDI operated at visible light is performed to verify the method. The results show that the method is effective in isolating the systematic errors of PS∕PDI and the measurement accuracy of the calibrated PS∕PDI is 0.0088λ rms (λ = 632.8 nm).     

功率分流无级变速装置的理论与实验研究(二)

本文阐述了功充分流无级变速装置（PS－CVT）有关功率流和效率的理论和实验结果。采用两个工作分流，许可通过不产生封闭功率流来增加变速箱效率，研究一个初始解。介绍了PS－CVT有关第二工作分流的实验结果，把这些结果和通过变速箱理论模型求得的相比较。表明了它和传统的CVT比较在效率方面的优越性。最后阐述了可能的工作简图，通过它采用工作分流的循环重复有可能增加速比范围。     

一种功率分流的无级变速装置的理论和实验研究(一)

过去许多年，特别在汽车工业，无级变速器已经取得了显著的进步。本文取得独创的功率分流CVT（PS－CVT）装置的理论和实验的研究成果。本建议解决的主要优点是采用两各个工作分流用一个没有封闭循环的功率流来改善效率；获得单部件装置的运动特怀。采用一个特殊的试验台架，在第一工作分流实验确定PS－CVT装置的功率流和效率。用这些取得的结果和理论模型比较。在本文中，把功率和效率在所推荐的PS－CVT装置表明的诸优点和简单CVT相比较。     

一种功率分流的无级变速装置的理论和实验研究(一)

过去许多年，特别在汽车工业，无级变速器已经取得了显著的进步。本文取得独创的功率分流CVT（PS－CVT）装置的理论和实验 的研究成果。 本建议解决的主要优点是采用两各个工作分流相一个没有封闭循环的功率流来改善效率；获得单部件装置的运动特性。采用一个特殊的试验台架，在第一工作分流实验确定PS－CVT装置的功率流和效率。用这些取得的结果和理论模型比较。在本文中，把功率和效率在所推荐的PS－CVT装置表明的诸优点和简单CVT相比较。     

语意比较法——产品语意识别的准确方法

分析产品语意的用户识别机制,据此提出产品语意比较法(Semantics comparison method, SCM),该方法由产品语意分类、排序与评估组成。以工业缝纫机为对象,应用语意差异法(Semantics differential method, SDM)和SCM进行识别试验,试验结果表明,线性模型较非线性模型更适合描述设计要素与产品语意的关系,据此构建了SCM与SDM的线性模型,并分析两种方法的准确性。分析结果表明,SCM与SDM的线性拟合误差分别为0.450i和0.572i,设计要素对产品整体语意的解释分别为91.0%与87.2%。两项指标都证明SCM是一种更准确的产品语意识别方法,因而有望应用于产品外形设计。     

Tribological Behaviour of Diisobutyl Polysulphide as an Extreme‐Pressure Additive in a Diester Synthetic Lubricant

A potentially good extreme‐pressure (EP) additive, diisobutyl polysulphide (PS‐i‐Bu), the main component of which is diisobutyl trisulphide, was synthesised at low temperature and under atmospheric pressure. Its load‐carrying capacity (P_B and P_D values) and antiwear and antifriction performance as an additive in a diester synthetic lubricant were investigated using four‐ball test machines, and compared with those for traditional sulphurised olefin (SO). Results show that the novel PS‐i‐Bu as an EP additive exhibits good load‐carrying capacity and antiwear properties. The load‐carrying capacity and antifriction performance of PS‐i‐Bu are better than those of the traditional SO; the antiwear performance of PS‐i‐Bu is slightly worse than that of the traditional SO. Scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy data show that the PS‐i‐Bu additive undergoes similar tribochemical reactions to the traditional SO during the tribological process. The active element S in PS‐i‐Bu reacts with surface metal mainly to form FeSO₄ and/or Fe₂(SO₄)₃ inorganic films.     

An experimental work on the effect of injection molding parameters on the cavity pressure and product weight

The injection molding process is one of the most efficient processes where mass production through automation is feasible and products with complex geometry at low cost are easily attained. In this study, an experimental work is performed on the effect of injection molding parameters on the polymer pressure inside the mold cavity. Also, the effect of these parameters on the final products' weight is studied. Different process parameters of the injection molding are considered during the experimental work (packing pressure, packing time, injection pressure, injection time, and injection temperature). Two polymer materials are used during the experimental work (polystyrene (PS) and low-density polyethylene (LDPE)). The mold cavity has a cuboidal form with two different thicknesses. The cavity pressure is measured with time by using pressure Kistler sensor at different injection molding cycles. The results indicate that the cavity pressure and product weight increase with an increase in the packing pressure, packing time, and injection pressure for all the analyzed polymers. They also show that the increase of the filling time decreases the cavity pressure and decreases the product weight in case of PS and LDPE. The results show that the increase of packing pressure by 100 % increases the cavity pressure 50 % in the case of PS and 70 % in the case of LDPE. They also show that the increase of injection pressure by 60 % increases the cavity pressure 36 % in case of PS and 90 % in case of LDPE at an injection temperature of 220 °C. The results indicate that process parameters have an effect on the product weight for LDPE greater than PS. The results obtained specify well the developing of the cavity pressure inside the mold cavity during the injection molding cycles.     

Effect of Molecular Structure on Friction and Wear of Polymer Thin Films Deposited on Si Surface

In this study, the influence of the molecular structure (linear or with bulky side groups) of polymer films covalently attached to Si surface on tribological properties is investigated. Two polymers, PE (polyethylene) and PS (polystyrene), are selected where PE has simple linear molecular structure whereas PS has linear molecular structure but contains bulky benzene groups located at the sides of the linear chain. PE and PS molecules, both with reactive maleic anhydride groups, are chemisorbed onto Si via an intermediate APTMS SAM (3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane self-assembled monolayer). Water contact angle measurements, AFM (atomic force microscopy), ellipsometry, and XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) are used to identify and characterize the polymer films. Tribological properties are studied using a microtribometer where a 4 mm diameter Si₃N₄ ball is used as the counterface. Among the two polymer films investigated, Si/APTMS/PE has shown very low coefficient of friction (0.08) and high wear life (∼4,400 cycles) than those of Si/APTMS/PS. Surprisingly, Si/APTMS/PS did not show any improvement in tribological properties when compared to that of bare Si. The present study proves that the polymer with linear molecular structure without the bulky side groups show good tribological properties even when it is coated as a thin film and hence such polymers can be used as thin-films for reducing friction and wear of substrates such as Si or other materials.     

智能装置连接Internet的桥梁——网络芯片技术

本文介绍了一种新型的智能网络接口芯片PS2000及其应用。PS2000是Webchip网络接口系列中的重要成员,通过它可以实现智能装置与PC机平台的网关接口,使智能装置通过PS2000上网十分方便,设计者在设计这样的系统时无需熟知网络协议。     

快速成型中封闭PS曲线边界补偿重建算法研究

对快速成型数据处理中封闭PS边界曲线补偿重建算法进行了研究,分析了已有的几种PS边界曲线补偿重建算法的特点。根据快速成型数据处理过程中截面多边形补偿的特点,提出了基于有效交叉点搜索的补偿边界重建的新算法;并在已开发的RP数据处理软件中成功应用,提高了该数据处理软件的稳定性。