基于正交试验7050-T7451航空铝合金材料铣削力的研究

高速铣削广泛用于航空铝合金材料的加工,本文以7050-T7451铝合金材料为试验对象,综合运用正交试验方法和单因素试验法分析研究了铣削该铝合金材料时,铣削速度、铣削深度、铣削宽度和每齿进给量四个因素对铣削力的影响规律,并通过多元线性回归分析得出铣削力的经验公式。研究结果发现铣削深度对铣削力影响最大,其次为每齿进给量和铣削宽度,而影响最小的是铣削速度。铣削力随铣削深度的增大而显著增大,而随着铣削速度的增大,铣削力的变化不明显。     

基于ABAQUS的航空叶轮铣削变形机理研究

高速铣削制造航空整体叶轮时,叶轮叶片的变形问题是影响叶轮加工精度的主要原因。而铣削过程中的铣削力、切削热、残余应力则是导致叶片变形的直接因素。为了探究叶片的变形机理,基于叶片的几何特征和加工工况,提出了将叶轮叶片简化为悬臂梁结构的分析方法,同时采用有限元分析软件ABAQUS建立反映叶片铣削过程高温、高应变率状态的铣削模型,模拟分析不同铣削参数下整体立铣刀铣削航空铝合金7075-T7451叶片的过程。叶片铣削模拟过程揭示了铣削速度、每齿进给量、径向铣削深度三个主要铣削参数对铣削力、切削热、叶片表面残余应力的影响,为制造整体叶轮时加工参数的选取、加工变形及震颤控制提供依据。     

汽轮机叶片曲面加工铣削力预测模型研究

文章针对汽轮机叶片曲面的加工特点,建立了铣削力模型,并从瞬时切削厚度的角度分析了数控工艺参数对铣削力模型的影响。在金属切削有限元模拟的基础上,运用Matlab和Abaqus软件结合四因素四水平正交模拟试验法验证了铣削力模型。并运用汽轮机叶片铣削加工实验进一步验证了铣削力模型和金属切削有限元模拟模型的有效性。     

数控恒力铣削刀路设计

在切削加工物理分析的基础上探讨铣削力和切削加工参数之间的关系,建立铣削非圆曲线的力学模型,采用单因素试验法设计铣削试验,通过最小二乘法确定铣削力模型系数。以非圆曲线为例,完成了数控恒力切削测力实验,试验结果表明:该方法能够使切削力在非圆曲线的加工中基本保持不变,改善了曲线的加工质量,缩短了加工时间,在提高加工效率和精度方面具有优势。     

钛合金TC4高速铣削参数对铣削力的影响研究

钛合金高速铣削因其高效率、高质量、小变形等优点,广泛应用于航空、航天、船舶、军工制造等行业。针对难加工材料TC4(Ti-6Al-4V)的高速铣削加工技术,开展了铣削深度、铣削宽度、每齿进给量、主轴转速的四因素三水平正交试验,分析各铣削参数对铣削力的影响。实验过程中将铣削力分解为切向铣削力、径向铣削力和轴向铣削力,采用多元线性回归分析法,建立了各向铣削力模型,并进行了显著性检验。为验证模型的准确性,设计了新的加工实验进行验证。实验结果表明:该模型准确度高,能够预测铣削过程中的各向铣削力。     

航空薄壁件铣削加工铣削力预测方法研究

铣削加工中铣削力是导致加工变形的直接原因,而航空薄壁件加工中,加工变形是加工误差产生的主要因素.本文以航空薄壁件铣削加工过程的铣削力为研究对象,通过确定铣削力模型和切削系数参数,建立了刚性和考虑刀具工件变形耦合的柔性预测两种模型.在柔性模型中,采用预扭Timoshenko梁单元的刀具/工件独立建模的方法建立有限元模型,利用Python语言在通用有限元软件Abaqus下迭代求解.实验验证表明预测模型具有很高的准确性和有效性.     

基于Isight的铝合金薄壁零件铣削参数优化北大核心

铝合金薄壁零件在铣削加工中容易产生变形,而铣削力是影响变形量的主要因素之一,选取某6061铝合金薄壁零件作为研究对象,提出了基于Isight平台的铣削参数优化方法,通过Isight平台中的DOE模块结合ABAQUS有限分析,以主轴转速、铣削深度、铣削宽度三个铣削参数作为因子,开展最优拉丁超立方试验设计方法设计样本点,将样本点数据做为搭建近似模型的输入数据,以铣削力为优化目标,采用了Approximation模块中Kriging近似模型方法,并结合多岛遗传算法对铣削参数与铣削力的Kriging模型进行寻优,研究发现,克里格近似模型准确的拟合出了铣削参数与铣削力的关系,铣削力减小了39.36%,使得主要尺寸由优化前的109.13 mm和58.16 mm减小到了109.04 mm和58.03 mm,优化结果显著,验证了基于Isight解决铣削参数优化问题是可行的。     

基于BP神经网络的数控加工铣削参数优化

以DMC60H数控机床为试验平台,以壳体类铝合金零件加工为研究对象,提取数控铣削加工试验数据,采用BP神经网络建立数控加工铣削参数优化模型,通过对数控加工铣削参数试验数据的分析与研究,提出了试验数据与样本数据的处理原则,实现了样本数据的优化,提高了BP神经网络模型的收敛精度、收敛速度与预测精度,并分析了验证数据的构成比例。经生产验证:提出的数控加工铣削参数优化方法具有较强的实用性和一定的先进性,能有效提高加工效率,对实现数控机床综合应用效率最优化,实现高效低成本加工具有重要意义。     

7050-T7451铝合金高速铣削力和温度仿真研究

高速铣削是航空材料加工制造中的关键技术之一。以7050-T7451铝合金为试验对象,通过正交试验方法,运用极差分析方法研究了铣削参数对铣削力及铣削温度的影响规律。研究表明:在所选参数范围内,x方向铣削力大于y方向铣削力;铣削深度对铣削力的影响最为显著;铣削力随着每齿进给量和铣削深度的增大而增大,随着铣削速度的增大而减小;每齿进给量对铣削温度的影响最为显著,铣削温度随着铣削参数的增大都呈增大趋势。     

加工误差建模与切削用量选用的研究

为解决数控加工中切削用量选用对加工精度影响的问题,以立铣刀为研究对象建立了铣削力模型,通过建立立铣刀铣削力模型和刀具受力引起的变形模型,推导出刀具z方向误差表达式,并建立了误差模型实验系统。最后通过正交切削实验验证了模型的可靠性,并将切削用量对加工误差的影响权重进行了排序,为切削用量选用提供了参考。     

Development of micro milling force model and cutting parameter optimization

Taking the minimum chip thickness effect,cutter deflection,and spindle run-out into account,a micro milling force model and a method to determine the optimal micro milling parameters were developed.The micro milling force model was derived as a function of the cutting coefficients and the instantaneous projected cutting area that was determined based on the machining parameters and the rotation trajectory of the cutter edges.When an allowable micro cutter deflection is defined,the maximum allowable cutting force can be determined.The optimal machining parameters can then be computed based on the cutting force model for better machining efficiency and accuracy.To verify the proposed cutting force model and the method to determine the optimal cutting parameters,micro-milling experiments were conducted,and the results show the feasibility and effectiveness of the model and method.     

涡轮叶片切削参数研究与仿真

为解决涡轮叶片可选加工参数较多、加工质量与效率难以保证的难题,提出一种涡轮叶片的五轴加工工艺。利用解析分析的方法建立切削力理论模型,对比验证切削力经验公式的模型精度。结合工件受力变形有限元模型,选取优化后的切削参数,并利用可视化软件实现对叶片无偏摆点铣与侧铣程序的编制与仿真。可视化仿真结果表明：该加工工艺及参数下,可获得加工精度较高的叶片表面;点铣法加工精度较高,通用性强,与侧铣法相比效率较低。铣削试验结果表明：仿真表面结果与试验表面在变化规律上吻合良好,证明了所提工艺与参数的有效性,提升了涡轮叶片的制造精度与效率。     

基于ABAQUS的典型薄壁件加工变形仿真与试验研究

介绍了薄壁件铣削加工受力模型和有限元法在薄壁件铣削加工中的应用. 针对薄壁零件铣削加工中的变形问题进行了研究,设计了有限元分析的加载过程与方法.结合铣削加工试验,并运用ABAQUS有限元分析软件,获得典型薄壁件加工变形的基本规律,为进一步研究控制薄壁件加工变形方案提供了依据.     

基于改进瞬时刚性力模型的机床铣削加工监测

针对用于切削力预测的瞬时刚性力模型所需参数较多且依赖初步切削实验的问题,提出一种不需要切削实验的新型切削力预测方法,实现在实际工厂中监测机床铣削加工过程。在斜角切削模型和正交切削理论的基础上,对传统的瞬时刚性力模型进行改进,减少切削力预测所需的切削参数。改进后的模型仅需在铣削操作开始时从测量的主轴电机扭矩得到的剪切角参数,无需任何额外的传感器就可以实现铣削力预测。在所提模型中,刀具跳动的影响可通过每个切削刃处的旋转半径偏差表示,以精确预测切削力。为验证该模型的有效性,进行切削实验。结果表明：切削力的预测值与实测值吻合较好,在实际加工过程中,无需任何实验铣削或任何额外的力传感器就可以准确了解机床加工状态。     

On cutting parameters selection for plunge milling of heat-resistant-super-alloys based on precise cutting geometry

In plunge milling operation the tool is fed in the direction of the spindle axis which has the highest structural rigidity, leading to the excess high cutting efficiency. Plunge milling operation is one of the most effective methods and widely used for mass material removal in rough/semi-rough process while machining high strength steel and heat-resistant-super-alloys. Cutting parameters selection plays great role in plunge milling process since the cutting force as well as the milling stability lobe is sensitive to the machining parameters. However, the intensive studies of this issue are insufficient by researchers and engineers. In this paper a new cutting model is developed to predict the plunge milling force based on the more precise plunge milling geometry. In this model, the step of cut as well as radial cutting width is taken into account for chip thickness calculation. Frequency domain method is employed to estimate the stability of the machining process. Based on the prediction of the cutting force and milling stability, we present a strategy to optimize the cutting parameters of plunge milling process. Cutting tests of heat-resistant-super-alloys with double inserts are conducted to validate the developed cutting force and cutting parameters optimization models.     

通用立铣刀真实切削轨迹下五轴铣削力计算

针对五轴铣削中刀具位姿变化和刀具类型差异所导致的铣削力预测难的问题，提出通用立铣刀五轴铣削力计算方法。基于通用立铣刀结构形式，建立通用立铣刀几何模型；综合考虑刀齿真实运动轨迹和刀具姿态变化，构建刀具瞬时切屑厚度模型；将刀具沿轴线方向等分成若干切削刃微元，并根据线性切削力假设建立刀具微元铣削力；将微元铣削力从刀具坐标系转换至工件坐标系下，并沿刀具轴向铣削深度进行积分，获得通用立铣刀的五轴铣削力模型；最后，在混联五轴数控加工实验平台上开展了铣削力测试。实测结果表明:所提铣削力计算方法正确有效，可作为后续五轴铣削工艺参数优选的理论依据。     

PCD和HTi10刀具铣削CFRP试验研究

针对碳纤维复合材料(CFRP)难加工的特性,文中采用PCD和HTi10刀具进行了CFRP铣削试验,对加工过程中的铣削力、刀具磨损和表面粗糙度进行了分析。结果表明:PCD和HTi10刀具的铣削力和表面粗糙度变化规律一致,均随转速的增大而减小,随进给速度的增大而增大,但PCD刀具的铣削力更小,加工质量更好;与HTi10相比,PCD刀具的铣削力对刀具磨损更加敏感,更适合应用在加工环境较好的条件下。在CFRP加工过程中,粗加工时优选HTi10刀具,精加工时优选PCD刀具,宜选用高转速、低进给的切削参数。     

The prediction of dimensional error for sculptured surface productions using the ball-end milling process. Part 1: Chip geometry analysis and cutting force prediction

The study of machining errors caused by tool deflection in the balkend milling process involves four issues, namely the chip geometry, the cutting force, the tool deflection and the deflection sensitivity of the surface geometry. In this paper, chip geometry and cutting force are investigated. The study on chip geometry includes the undeformed radial chip thickness, the chip engagement surface and the relationship between feed boundary and feed angle. For cutting force prediction, a rigid force model and a flexible force model are developed. Instantaneous cutting forces of a machining experiment for two 2D sculptured surfaces produced by the ball-end milling process are simulated using these force models and are verified by force measurements. This information is used in Part 2 of this paper, together with a tool deflection model and the deflection sensitivity of the surface geometry, to predict the machining errors of the machined sculptured surfaces.     

The prediction of cutting force in ball-end milling

Due to the development of CNC machining centers and automatic programming software, the ball-end milling have become the most widely used machining process for sculptured surfaces. In this study, the ball-end milling process has been analysed, and its cutting force model has been developed to predict the instantaneous cutting force on given machining conditions. The development of the model is based on the analysis of cutting geometry of the ball-end mill with plane rake faces. A cutting edge of the ball-end mill was considered as a series of infinitesimal elements, and the geometry of a cutting edge element was analysed to calculate the necessary parameters for its oblique cutting process assuming that each cutting edge was straight. The oblique cutting process in the small cutting edge element has been analysed as an orthogonal cutting process in the plane containing the cutting velocity and chip flow vectors. And with the orthogonal cutting data obtained from end turning tests on thin-walled tubes over wide range of cutting and tooling conditions, the cutting forces of ball-end milling could be predicted using the model. The predicted cutting forces have shown a fairly good agreement with test results in various machining modes.