气液两相流流量变化瞬态特性

在气液混输管线中常发生流量变化引发的瞬态过程,在大型多相流实验环道上进行了流量变化的瞬态实验.气量突增产生压力过增量,它的产生与流型有关：分层流的过增量是由于气体的惯性;在气团流和段塞流下则是由于气体压缩性和液体惯性的联合作用.气量突降时,膨胀波沿程传播.气量变化的瞬态过程可能出现对应准稳态变化没有出现的流型.与气量突变相比,液量突变引起的压力和流型变化较平缓,瞬态效应小.流量变化后产生沿线传播的压力波和空隙波,二者与流型相关,决定瞬态过程的发展.压力变化的传播速度在气量变化时等于声速,在液量变化时等于空隙波波速.     

滴流床反应器的脉冲特性

滴流床中气液流速较高时会产生脉冲流。脉冲特性可表示为：脉冲频率、脉冲速度、脉冲持液与脉冲间持液。这些参数可用气液流速、填料特性及气液物性来度量。在宏观物料衡算基础上推得脉冲速度的模型。脉冲持液就是反应器的动持液；脉冲持液与脉冲间持液之比近于1．5。发现脉冲频率完全受表观液速与临界液速的差值所控制。获得了三个关联式，涉及不同系统，也包含文献数据。     

脉冲筛板萃取塔CFD-PBM模型研究

脉冲筛板萃取塔是核工业等领域中最常用的萃取设备之一，为深入了解脉冲筛板萃取塔中两相流行为规律，使用CFD-PBM模型对脉冲筛板萃取塔中由有机相(30%TBP-正十二烷)、水相(HNO₃水溶液)组成的体系进行两相流过程模拟分析，模拟结果与实验数据吻合较好，分散相存留分数和Sauter平均液滴直径的相对偏差仅为8.28%和5.54%；随脉冲速度增加，Sauter平均液滴直径减小，液滴直径分布更均匀，分散相存留分数增加，特性速度减小；两相表观速度对液滴直径影响较小，分散相表观流速增加有利于提高分散相存留分数，而连续相表观流速影响不大；发生液泛时分散相液泛表观速度随连续相液泛表观速度增大而减小，随脉冲速度增加液泛通量先增后减，存在极值。     

梯形波脉冲筛板萃取柱流体力学性能

本文以HNO_3-30％TBP(KO)为实验体系,进行了梯形波脉冲筛板柱流体力学实验。实验中测量了不同脉冲振幅、频率、流比及两相流量时分散相(水相)的存留分数。测量了不同振幅、频率、流比时的液泛通量。初步分析了脉冲上、下冲程的平均速度对萃取柱流体力学行为的影响。分析了脉冲气源压力对存留分数和液泛通量的影响。     

气液并流筛板流态的模拟

文章利用CFX软件对开孔率为17%、150×120 mm的矩形气液并流筛板的气液两相流态进行模拟,分析了气液两相并流筛板的传质传热机理及筛板压降产生的主要原因。通过模拟研究了气液两相并流时气相和液相流量变化分别对塔板压降产生的影响。     

气体通过堆叠筛板填料的压降特性研究

单一气相通过堆叠筛板填料的压降是研究气液两相并流通过筛板填料压降的基础。文章对气体通过不同规格堆叠筛板填料的压降进行了系统的测试,并利用Realizable k-ε模型进行了数值模拟,揭示了气相流量、筛板开孔率、相对板厚、填料板间距等因素对气体压降的影响。结果表明:气相流量与筛板开孔率是压降的2个主要影响因素,压降随气量的增大而增大,随开孔率的增大而减小;受锐缘效应影响,随着相对板厚的增加,阻力系数逐渐减小;流体通过筛板后会冲击下层筛板,使得压降阻力系数随填料板间距的减小而增大。在此基础上,综合实验与模拟结果获得了气体通过堆叠筛板填料的阻力系数预测公式。     

折流板脉冲萃取柱水力学性能研究

以体积分数30%三烷基氧膦(TRPO)煤油溶液和1 mol/L硝酸溶液为体系,在100 mm折流板脉冲萃取柱中考察了折流板脉冲萃取柱的操作参数(脉冲振幅、脉冲频率、流速和流比)和结构参数(板间距)对其水力学性能(液泛通量、液泛存留分数和正常操作时分散相存留分数)的影响。实验研究表明:液泛通量随着脉冲强度的减小而增大,与流比和板间距无关,并给出其关联式;操作参数和柱结构参数对液泛存留分数的影响均可忽略;正常操作时分散相存留分数与连续相的流速、流比成正比关系,而与脉冲频率无关,并随板间距和脉冲振幅的增大而增大,并给出了分散相存留分数的经验关联式。     

气液串联放电水处理反应器的设计

设计了一种气液串联放电反应器,利用液相和气相同时放电产生的化学活性粒子处理有机废水,对影响有机废水降解效果的各种因素进行了考察.结果表明降解率随电板直径、电极间距的增大而降低,随针数量的增多而增大;增加气流量有助于提高降解率,气流量存在一个经济值,其大小为64mL/min;增大脉冲峰值电压、提高重复频率可提高提高降解率.     

气液并流筛板式填料压降的数值模拟

基于欧拉-欧拉模型,采用CFX软件对筛板式填料的气液两相并流流动进行了模拟。将模拟所得的压降与填料的出厂特性值进行了对比,发现在液气动能参数较小的情况下,两者吻合较好。分析了该流场内的速度分布和压力分布的特点,射流卷吸作用使流场内两相流体混合,但涡旋使筛板下方压强减小,射流撞击使筛板上方压强增加。对不同结构的矩形筛板式填料的压降进行研究,结果表明：筛板孔径和液相流量是影响筛板压降的重要因素,开孔直径越小,液相流量对单板压降的影响越大;上层筛孔投影与下层筛孔相交的结构更能有效降低单板压降。液相流量较大时,两个不同板间距的单板压降曲线将相交于一点,气相流量低于此交点时,板间距越小,单板压降越大;气相流量高于此交点时,则相反。     

低温等离子体催化处理甲苯气体

将低温等离子体与贵金属催化剂结合,用于甲苯气体的处理;考察了其处理效果及影响因素。所用低温等离子体由针板式脉冲流光放电方法产生。实验考察了脉冲频率、脉冲峰值电压、甲苯进口质量浓度、气体流量和催化剂等因素对净化效率的影响。结果表明:甲苯去除率随脉冲频率和脉冲峰值电压的变化并非单方向增大或减小,而是分别存在最适宜值f=33kHz、U=15kV;甲苯进口质量浓度从60mg/m3增加到180mg/m3时,甲苯去除率逐渐升高;气体流量的增大会导致甲苯去除率的降低;贵金属催化剂对甲苯降解有明显的促进作用,无催化剂时甲苯去除率的最大值为57.3%,有催化剂时则提高到88.5%。     

Counter-current gas−liquid flow between vertical corrugated plates

The paper is devoted to a theoretical analysis of the counter-current gas−liquid film flow between vertical corrugated plates. We use the Navier−Stokes equations in their full statement to describe the liquid phase hydrodynamics. For the gas phase equations, we use the Benjamin−Miles approach where the wavy liquid/gas interface is a small disturbance for the turbulent gas and where we can linearize the gas phase governing equations. We consider both the steady state and the two-periodical traveling solutions of the counter-current gas/liquid flow between the corrugated plates. The changes in the liquid film hydrodynamics with the increase in gas superficial velocity are the main interest of the investigation. What is the flooding mechanism in the case of flow between the corrugated plates and does the gas superficial velocity for the flooding depend on the wall corrugation parameters?     

并行微通道内气液相分配规律

微反应器的集成放大对于微化工技术的工业应用具有重要意义。利用高速摄像仪对4个并行微通道内气液两相流动状况及相分配规律进行了研究,考察了气液两相流量及液相黏度对两相分布均匀性的影响。实验所用液相为含0.3%表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）的蒸馏水-甘油溶液,气相为氮气（N₂）。实验观察到了6种典型的两相流型。对各支通道均为弹状流情况下气泡长度和气泡速度的分布规律进行了研究。在一定气相流率下,各支通道气泡长度的相对标准偏差随液相流率的增大而增大,气泡速度的相对标准偏差值随液相流率的增大先升高到一定值然后逐渐减小。气相分配不均匀性随液相流率和黏度的增大而增大,液相分配不均匀性随液相黏度的增大而减小,气相流率的变化对于两相分布影响不明显。研究结果有助于并行微通道的结构设计与优化,以实现更为均匀的气液两相流动分配。     

Counter‐current gas‐liquid wavy film flow between the vertical plates analyzed using the Navier‐Stokes equations

The article is devoted to a theoretical analysis of counter‐current gas‐liquid wavy film flow between vertical plates. We consider two‐dimensional nonlinear waves on the interface over a wide variation of parameters. The main interest is to analyse the wave structure at the parameter values corresponding to the onset of flooding observed in experiments. We use the Navier‐Stokes equations in their full statement to describe the liquid phase hydrodynamics. For the gas phase equations, we use two models: (1) the Navier‐Stokes system and (2) the simplified Benjamin‐Miles approach where the liquid phase is a small disturbance for the laminar or turbulent gas flow. With the superficial gas velocity increasing and starting from some value of the velocity, the waves demonstrate a rapid decreasing of both the minimal film thickness and the phase wave velocity. We obtain a region of the gas velocity where we have two solutions at one set of the problem parameters and where the flooding takes place. Both the phase wave velocity and the minimal film thickness are positive numbers at such values of the velocity. We calculate the flooding point dependences on the liquid Reynolds number for two different liquids. The wave regime corresponding to the flooding point demonstrates negative u‐velocities in the neighbourhood of the interface near the film thickness maximum. At smaller values of the superficial gas velocity, the negative u‐velocities take place in the neighbourhood of the film thickness minimum. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010     

T形微通道内环状气液两相流相分离

以氮气为气相工作介质,以不同表面张力的液体（纯水、0.01%SDS溶液、0.5%SDS溶液、乙醇）为液相工作介质,对矩形截面为100 μm×800 μm的T形微通道内的气液环状流进行了相分离可视化实验。实验结果表明：环状流液相在侧支管中采出占优势。液相采出分率主要集中在0.25～0.65之间;气相采出分率在0.1～0.8,液相采出分率的增长幅度随着气相采出分率增加而变大。当气相表观速度一定时,液相采出分率随着两相流液体速度的增加而降低;当液体表观速度一定时,气体速度变化对液相采出分率影响不大;当两相的表观速度一定时,液相采出分率随着液体的表面张力降低而减小。所得实验数据与其它尺寸的数据进行比较,发现管径尺寸对环状流相分离有较大影响。     

水平管环状流液膜厚度与波动参数分布

环状流是常见的一种气液两相流流型,基于双平行电导探针阵列传感器设计了环状流液膜动态测量系统,以水和空气为介质,进行了气相表观流速15~35 m/s、液相表观流速0.1~0.4 m/s范围内的水平管环状流周向液膜测量实验,分析了水平管环状流的液膜厚度、相界面波动参数的空间分布与发展变化规律。结果表明,水平管环状流底部液膜厚度随气相表观流速的增加而减小,随液相表观流速的增加而增大,但在高液相表观流速时有饱和趋势,对应条件下周向其他位置的液膜厚度持续增大,尤其在45°位置显著增大,下半周液膜分布趋于平缓;由底部到顶部,液膜波速和波频在周向上均呈逐渐减小趋势,与液膜厚度的分布规律一致,大幅度的扰动波主要分布在底部;底部液膜波速和波频随气相表观流速增加而增大,液相表观流速增加时,波速随之增大,但波频无明显变化,对应波长增大。     

Experimentally‐based constitutive relations for co‐current gas‐liquid flow in randomly packed beds

Experimental Observations on average pulse velocity and frequency in concurrent gas‐liquid (down) flow through randomly packed beds are used to extract constitutive relations for the gas‐liquid interaction and mean curvature terms that appear in a recently proposed volume‐averaged two‐fluid model for bubbly flow. The proposed closures lead to a reasonably quantitative prediction of the average pressure drop and liquid saturation under bubbly flow conditions and in the near pulse regime. In addition, the proposed closures provide realistic estimates for the location of the bubble‐to‐pulse transition in microgravity and in 1g down‐flow and predict the disappearance of the bubbly flow pattern at low liquid fluxes in 1g down‐flow. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 812–822, 2017     

EFFECT OF VISCOSITY ON HYDRODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF PULSING FLOW IN TRICKLE BEDS

New data on pulsing flow onset, properties of pulses (frequency, celerity, length), liquid holdup and pressure drop are presented for aqueous glycerol solutions of viscosity 6.7 and 20.2 mPa s and compared with similar measurements from an air-water (1.0 mPas) system. With the exception of viscosity, all other physical properties of the liquid phase are kept constant and fairly close to those of water, thus allowing a direct assessment of the effect of viscosity. Pulse formation and propagation with viscous liquids is examined on the basis of time records from a conductance type technique. A striking effect due to increased liquid viscosity is the reduction of the pulsing flow regime; in particular, the pulsing-to-bubbling transition boundary is shifted towards higher gas flow rates. Pulse frequency and celerity appear to decrease only slightly with increasing liquid viscosity, whereas the two-phase pressure gradient increases significantly. Liquid holdup also tends to increase with viscosity. Moreover, holdup with viscous liquids tends to increase significantly with the liquid flow rate, whereas an insignificant effect is found for water. A new correlation for estimating liquid holdup is proposed, and a simple model for predicting pulsing flow characteristics is modified in order to take account of the aforementioned effects.     

竖直多孔平板上液膜流动特性的研究

孔结构被广泛应用于传质塔填料中,对填料上的液膜流动和传质行为影响较大。对竖直光板和多孔板上的液膜流动进行了三维模拟,并通过实验验证了模拟的准确性。通过模拟研究了孔结构对液膜流动特性的影响。结果表明,干燥孔会阻碍液膜的铺展,而润湿孔促进液膜的铺展。与光板相比,多孔板上的液膜具有起伏波,这将影响液膜的厚度分布和速度分布。液膜厚度波动和水平方向的速度波动随着孔径的增加而增加,而竖直流动方向的速度随着孔径的增加而降低。当孔径增加到一定值时,毛细波将出现在孔中的液膜中,这大大增加液膜水平方向上的波动速度,而降低流动方向上的速度。当孔径继续增加到临界值时,液膜将破裂。多孔板上孔内和气侧区域存在涡旋,能够促进内部液体交换和增大气侧扰动,从而增强传质能力。