308.2 K三元体系KCl+PEG10000/20000+H2O相平衡及热力学计算

采用等温溶解平衡法和浊点法分别测定了308.2 K时三元体系KCl+PEG10000/20000+H₂O的固液平衡组成和液液平衡组成,同时测定了固液平衡时体系的密度和折射率。根据实验数据,绘制了两个三元体系308.2 K时的完整相图、双液线对比图和结线-组成图。研究发现：三元体系KCl+PEG10000/20000+H₂O 308.2 K时的完整相图均包含6个区域：不饱和液相区（L）,2个一固一液区（L+S）,双液相区（2L）,两液一固区（2L+S）,两固一液区（L+2S）;其中,一液两固区（L+2S）中的两种固相分别为KCl和PEG10000/20000。在完整相图中,一固一液区面积最大,双液相区面积最小。对比308.2 K时聚乙二醇分子量为1000、4000、6000、10000和20000的KCl+PEG+H₂O体系可知：分子量为1000、4000和6000时,体系中仅存在固液相平衡关系;分子量为10000和20000时,体系中同时存在固液和液液相平衡关系,且随着聚乙二醇分子量的增加,双液线向原点移动,双液相区（2L）和两液一固区（2L+S）增大,不饱和液相区（L）和一固一液区（L+S）均减小。采用Chen-NRTL-PDH热力学模型进行了液液相平衡计算,计算结果与实验数据吻合较好。     

KCl-PEG4000-H2O三元体系288、298、308 K相平衡测定及计算

采用等温溶解平衡法研究了288、298、308 K下三元体系KCl-PEG4000-H₂O的相平衡关系，绘制了相应的相图、密度-组成图和折射率-组成图。研究发现：288、298、308 K下，三元体系KCl-PEG4000-H₂O无分层现象，只存在固液相平衡关系，其平衡相图由不饱和液相区(L)、一固一液区(S+L)和两固一液区(2S+L)构成，且两固一液区随温度升高减小。KCl溶解度随着溶液中PEG4000含量不断增加而减小。溶液中PEG4000含量小于0.50时，盐析率受温度影响较小；含量大于0.50时，盐析率随着温度升高呈减小趋势。采用修正后的Pitzer方程进行了三元体系KCl-PEG4000-H₂O (288、298、308 K)溶解度计算，对比发现，理论计算值与实验值吻合较好。     

三元体系KCl+CaCl2+H2O 298.2、323.2及348.2 K相平衡研究及计算

采用等温溶解平衡法开展了298.2、323.2、348.2 K三元体系KCl+CaCl₂+H₂O相平衡研究,测定了平衡液相组成及密度,采用Schreinemakers湿渣法和X射线粉晶衍射法确定了平衡固相组成。研究发现:298.2 K时,该体系为简单三元体系,无复盐形成,相图由1个三元共饱点、2条单变量曲线和2个结晶相区组成;323.2和348.2 K时,该体系为复杂三元体系,有复盐氯钾钙石(KCl·CaCl₂)形成,相图均由2个三元共饱点、3条单变量曲线和3个结晶相区组成。对比该三元体系278.2、298.2、308.2、323.2、348.2 K相图可知:随温度升高,CaCl₂结晶形式发生变化,CaCl₂·6H₂O (278.2、298.2 K)→CaCl₂·4H₂O (308.2 K)→CaCl₂·2H₂O (323.2、348.2K);KCl结晶面积在323.2...     

298.2 K四元体系MgCl2-SrCl2-AlCl3-H2O相平衡实验及溶解度计算

采用等温溶解平衡法研究了298.2 K四元体系MgCl₂-SrCl₂-AlCl₃-H₂O的相平衡关系，测定了该体系的溶解度和平衡溶液的密度、折射率。根据实验数据，分别绘制了298.2 K该四元体系的空间立体图、相图、水图、密度-组成图和折射率-组成图。研究发现：298.2 K下，四元体系MgCl₂-SrCl₂-AlCl₃-H₂O无复盐或固溶体生成，稳定相图由2个共饱点、5条单变量曲线和4个结晶区组成。四个结晶区分别为MgCl₂·6H₂O、SrCl₂·6H₂O、SrCl₂·2H₂O和AlCl₃·6H₂O，其中SrCl₂·6H₂O结晶区最大，SrCl₂·2H₂O结晶区最小，说明SrCl₂·6H₂O更容易结晶析出。平衡液相的密度和折射率随着J（MgCl₂）的变化呈规律性变化。采用Pitzer模型进行了298.2 K四元体系MgCl₂-SrCl₂-AlCl₃-H₂O溶解度计算，对比发现，计算结果与实验结果基本吻合。     

KCl-PEG4000-H_2O三元体系288、298、308 K相平衡测定及计算

采用等温溶解平衡法研究了288、298、308 K下三元体系KCl-PEG4000-H_2O的相平衡关系,绘制了相应的相图、密度-组成图和折射率-组成图。研究发现:288、298、308 K下,三元体系KCl-PEG4000-H_2O无分层现象,只存在固液相平衡关系,其平衡相图由不饱和液相区(L)、一固一液区(S+L)和两固一液区(2S+L)构成,且两固一液区随温度升高减小。KCl溶解度随着溶液中PEG4000含量不断增加而减小。溶液中PEG4000含量小于0.50时,盐析率受温度影响较小;含量大于0.50时,盐析率随着温度升高呈减小趋势。采用修正后的Pitzer方程进行了三元体系KCl-PEG4000-H_2O(288、298、308 K)溶解度计算,对比发现,理论计算值与实验值吻合较好。     

298.2 K四元体系NH4Cl-CaCl2-SrCl2-H2O稳定相平衡实验

为了获取铵钙锶共存氯化物体系298.2 K下各盐结晶形式，采用等温溶解平衡法开展298.2 K时四元体系NH₄Cl-CaCl₂-SrCl₂-H₂O稳定相平衡研究，测定体系的溶解度和平衡固相组成以及平衡溶液的密度、折光率。根据实验数据，分别绘制该四元体系298.2 K时的稳定相图、密度-组成图和折光率-组成图。结果表明：298.2 K时，NH₄Cl-CaCl₂-SrCl₂-H₂O体系稳定相图由3个共饱点、7条单变量曲线、5个结晶相区组成，生成固溶体[(Ca,Sr)Cl₂]·6H₂O和[(Sr,Ca)Cl₂]·6H₂O，属复杂四元体系。5个结晶区大小顺序为NH₄Cl>SrCl₂·6H₂O>[(Ca,Sr)Cl₂]·6H_2<...     

三元体系NH4Cl+MgCl2+H2O 323.2 K相平衡研究

采用等温溶解平衡法开展了323.2 K时三元体系NH₄Cl+MgCl₂+H₂O的相平衡研究,测定了平衡固液相组成及密度,并绘制了该三元体系相图。研究发现：该体系323.2 K时有复盐NH₄Cl·MgCl₂·6H₂O生成,相图包含2个共饱点（F₁、F₂）、3条单变量曲线（AF₁、F₁F₂、F₂B）、3个结晶区（NH₄Cl、MgCl₂·6H₂O、NH₄Cl·MgCl₂·6H₂O）。对比该体系273.2、298.2、323.2 K时的相图可知：随着温度升高,NH₄Cl和MgCl₂·6H₂O结晶区变小,NH₄Cl·MgCl₂·6H₂O结晶区变大,同时NH₄Cl·MgCl₂·6H₂O由不相称复盐转变为相称复盐,对应的不相称共饱点转变为相称共饱点。     

四元体系硼酸锂-硼酸钾-硼酸镁-水在308.15 K时固液相平衡研究

采用等温溶解平衡法研究四元体系硼酸锂-硼酸钾-硼酸镁-水在308.15 K时固液相平衡,测定了体系溶解度和平衡液相的密度、折光率和pH。研究发现：该体系308.15 K时的稳定相图中包含一个共饱点（L+Li₂B₄O₇·3H₂O+K₂B₄O₇·4H₂O+Mg₂B₆O₁₁·15H₂O）,其液相组成：w（Li₂B₄O₇）=3.112%、w（K₂B₄O₇）=16.64%、w（Mg₂B₆O₁₁）=0.101 8%;3个固相结晶区：Li₂B₄O₇·3H₂O、K₂B₄O₇·4H₂O、Mg₂B₆O₁₁·15H₂O,体系无复盐或固溶体生成。溶液中硼酸锂、硼酸钾对多水硼镁石有很强的盐析效应,液相的密度、折光率和pH随溶液中硼酸盐浓度的增加呈规律性变化。     

四元体系Li+,K+,Mg2+//B4O72——H2O 273 K相平衡

利用等温溶解平衡法研究了四元体系Li⁺, K⁺, Mg²⁺//B₄O₇^2--H₂O 273 K相平衡关系。测定了该体系平衡时各组分的溶解度和平衡液相密度。根据实验数据和固相组成分别绘制了四元体系Li⁺, K⁺, Mg²⁺//B₄O₇^2--H₂O 273 K时的稳定相图、水图以及相应的密度-组成图。结果表明：该体系组分之间没有形成复盐和固溶体,属于简单共饱和型体系;体系的稳定相图由1个共饱点,3条单变量曲线,3个固相结晶区组成,结晶区分别对应Li₂B₄O₇·3H₂O、K₂B₄O₇·4H₂O和MgB₄O₇·9H₂O;平衡液相密度在共饱点处达到最大。研究还对该四元体系在273 K、288 K和348 K不同温度时的稳定相图作了对比分析和讨论。     

三元体系K +,Cs +//SO4 2——H2O 298.2 K稳定相平衡研究

采用等温溶解法开展了三元体系K ⁺,Cs ⁺//SO₄ ^2--H₂O 298.2 K稳定相平衡研究,测定了该体系溶解度、密度及折光率。结果表明,该三元体系在298.2 K下属于复杂体系,有固溶体（K,Cs）₂SO₄产生,且固溶体相区最大;其稳定相图包含3条单变量曲线、3个析出相区和2个共饱点;共饱点处对应的液相组成分别为w（K₂SO₄）=11.69%、w（Cs₂SO₄）=4.02%和w（K₂SO₄）=3.39%、w（Cs₂SO₄）=60.84%。平衡液相的密度和折光率随Cs₂SO₄含量的增大呈现递增的趋势。采用经验公式对平衡液相的折光率进行理论计算,计算值和实验值具有良好的一致性。     

The effect of temperature on phase equilibria of polyethylene glycol (PEG8000)-K2SO4-H2O at T=(288.15, 298.15, 308.15) K

The phase behavior of potassium sulfate (K₂SO₄) in polyethylene glycol with molecular weight 8000 (PEG8000) and water (H₂O) mixed solvent at 288.15, 298.15, and 308.15 K were determined. According to the results, when the temperature are 288.15 and 298.15 K, there is only a solid-liquid phase equilibrium relationship in the system, and the phase diagrams are both divided into three parts which respectively are the regions of unsaturated homogeneous liquid (L), one liquid and one solid K₂SO₄ (L + S) and one liquid and two solids K₂SO₄ and PEG8000 (L + 2S). The solubility of K₂SO₄ in PEG8000-H₂O mixed solvent decreased with the addition of the PEG8000 in the solution. Comparing the diagrams of 288.15 and 298.15 K, the sizes of regions of (L) and (L + S) increased and that of (L + 2S) decreased with the increase of temperature. While at 308.15 K, solid-liquid and liquid-liquid equilibrium coexist, and there are six parts in the complete phase diagram at 308.15 K, adding the areas of one liquid and one solid K₂SO₄ (L + S), two liquids (2 L), two liquids and one solid K₂SO₄ (2 L + S). The equations developed by Merchuk, Hu, and Jayapal were used to fit the binodal curves data of the system at 308.15 K, meanwhile, the experimental tie-line data of the system at 308.15 K were correlated by Othmer-Tobias equation and Bancroft equation.     

NaBr-CaBr2-H2O和KBr-CaBr2-H2O三元体系273.15 K相平衡实验及计算

采用等温溶解平衡法对两个三元体系NaBr-CaBr₂-H₂O和KBr-CaBr₂-H₂O在273.15 K下的固液相平衡关系进行了研究,测定了相关盐在水溶液中的溶解度,绘制其等温相图。结果表明,两个三元体系均为水合物型,即平衡固相中未发现任何复盐及固溶体。两个三元体系在273.15 K下的等温相图均由一个共饱点、两条等温溶解度曲线、两个平衡固相结晶区组成。三元体系NaBr-CaBr₂-H₂O在273.15 K的两个结晶区的平衡固相分别为NaBr·2H₂O和CaBr₂·6H₂O,NaBr·2H₂O的结晶区远大于CaBr₂·6H₂O。三元体系KBr-CaBr₂-H₂O在273.15 K的两个结晶区的平衡固相分别为KBr和CaBr₂·6H₂O,KBr的结晶区远大于CaBr₂·6H₂O。基于Pitzer模型,运用已报道的Pitzer参数对所研究的两个三元体系在273.15 K下的等温溶解度进行模拟计算,其计算结果与实验结果基本吻合。     

Solubility measurement and prediction of phase equilibria in the quaternary system LiCl + NaCl + KCl + H2O and ternary subsystem LiCl + NaCl + H2O at 288.15 K

Using isothermal dissolution method, the phase equilibrium relationship in quaternary system LiCl + NaCl + KCl + H₂O and the ternary subsystem LiCl + NaCl + H₂O at 288.15 K were investigated. Each phase diagram of two systems was drawn. The phase diagram of LiCl + NaCl + H₂O system contains two solid phase regions of crystallization LiCl·2H₂O and NaCl. In the phase diagram of LiCl + NaCl + KCl + H₂O system, there are three crystallization regions: LiCl·2H₂O, NaCl and KCl respectively. In this paper, the solubilities of phase equilibria in two systems were calculated by Pitzer's model at 288.15 K. The predicted phase diagrams generally agree with the experimental phase diagrams.     

Measurements and simulation for aqueous quaternary system MgCl2-SrCl2-AlCl3-H2O at 298.2 K

Solid-liquid equilibria of the aqueous quaternary system MgCl₂-SrCl₂-AlCl₃-H₂O at 298.2 K was studied by using the isothermal dissolution equilibrium method. The solubility, density, and refractive index of the aqueous quaternary system were measured. The corresponding space diagram, stable phase diagram, water content diagram, and the diagrams of density vs composition, refractive index vs composition were constructed based on the experimental data. The results show that there is no double that salt or solid solution was formed in the quaternary system. The stable phase diagram of the quaternary system MgCl₂-SrCl₂-AlCl₃-H₂O at 298.2 K consists of two invariant points, five isothermal dissolution curves, and four crystallization regions. The four crystallization regions correspond to four single hydrate salts magnesium chloride hexahydrate (MgCl₂·6H₂O), strontium chloride hexahydrate (SrCl₂·6H₂O), strontium chloride dihydrate (SrCl₂·2H₂O), and aluminum chloride hexahydrate (AlCl₃·6H₂O). With a view to the crystallization regions, the crystallization region of salt SrCl₂·2H₂O is the smallest, while the crystallization region of salt SrCl₂·6H₂O is the largest, meaning SrCl₂·6H₂O can be more easily separated from solution than other coexisting salts in this system at 298.2 K. The densities and refractive indices of the solution at equilibrium change regularly with the change of J(MgCl₂) of the solution. The Pitzer model is used to calculate the solubility of the 298.2 K quaternary system MgCl₂-SrCl₂-AlCl₃-H₂O. The comparison found that the calculated results are basically consistent with the experimental results.     

四元体系Rb+, Cs+, Mg2+ // SO42- - H2O 298.2 K相平衡研究

采用等温溶解平衡法研究了298.2 K下四元体系Rb⁺, Cs⁺, Mg²⁺ // SO₄^2- - H₂O的相平衡关系，测定了该体系的溶解度、密度以及折射率，并绘制了相应的稳定相图、水图、密度-组成图和折射率-组成图。研究表明：298.2 K下，该四元体系为复杂四元体系，有复盐Cs₂SO₄·MgSO₄·6H₂O和Rb₂SO₄·MgSO₄·6H₂O以及固溶体[(Rb, Cs）₂SO₄]生成。其稳定相图由4个四元共饱点、9条单变量曲线以及6个结晶区组成。四元共饱点中E₁、E₂、E₃为相称共饱点，E₄为不相称共饱点。6个结晶相区分别对应3种单盐Rb₂SO₄、MgSO₄·7H₂O、Cs₂SO₄，2种复盐Cs₂SO₄·MgSO₄·6H₂O、Rb₂SO₄·MgSO₄·6H₂O和1种固溶体[(Rb,Cs）₂SO₄]。其中，复盐Rb₂SO₄·MgSO₄·6H₂O结晶区最大，表明其在该体系中最易结晶析出；Cs₂SO₄结晶区最小。平衡液相的密度和折射率随着溶液中Cs₂SO₄含量变化呈规律性变化。该体系稳定相图将为硫酸镁亚型盐湖卤水中的铷、铯等资源开发利用提供理论依据。     

Tie-line data for aqueous mixtures of butyric acid with isobutyl acetate at various temperatures

Experimental liquid-liquid equilibrium (LLE) data for the system of (water+butyric acid+iso-butyl acetate) were obtained at T=(298.2, 303.2, 308.2, and 313.2) K and atmospheric pressure. This ternary system exhibits type-1 behavior of LLE. The experimental tie-line data were correlated using the UNIQUAC and NRTL models. The reliability of the experimental tie-line data was determined by applying the Othmer-Tobias and Hand correlations. Distribution coefficients and separation factors were calculated over the immiscibility regions.