压缩机润滑油雾滤芯过滤性能分析与改进研究

利用现场高压和实验室常压滤芯性能评价装置，对比了不同工况下的滤芯过滤性能，分析了液体物性和油雾浓度对滤芯过滤性能的影响规律，提出了滤芯改进方法并进行了效果验证。结果表明，由于气液相互作用改变，高压下滤芯过滤效率相比常压略低，但常压工况过滤性能变化规律能反映现场实际运行性能。与气体流量相比，液体黏度对中效滤芯的过滤效率影响更大，且滤芯在过滤高黏度液体时才会出现压降的显著上升。油雾浓度对中效滤芯的压降影响受液体黏度控制，高黏度时压降随油雾浓度升高而升高，但低黏度时压降基本不随油雾浓度变化。由于流量对液滴扩散捕集作用的影响，低流量时滤芯对高黏度液体的过滤效率随油雾浓度降低反而升高。通过调整滤芯内部的滤材组成及排布方式，可实现小尺寸液滴的高效捕集，对癸二酸二辛酯液滴的过滤效率相比原滤芯至少提升50%。研究结果对于指导天然气储运过程中滤芯性能提升与机理认识具有重要意义。     

Fe_3Al金属滤芯特性及在U-gas煤气化装置中的应用

为了解决U-gas粉煤气化工艺飞灰过滤器装置中陶瓷滤芯的断裂问题,分析了陶瓷滤芯和金属滤芯的性能差异,在装置中安装了国产改进2050型Fe_3Al金属滤芯并投运试验,研究了投运后合成气及飞灰特性、滤芯的微观形貌、过滤效率、流量-压差曲线、滤饼渗透性等特性。结果表明,在与陶瓷滤芯相同过滤精度条件下,Fe_3Al金属滤芯具有孔隙率高、渗透性高、压溃强度大等优势。投运结果表明,Fe_3Al滤芯投运3个月以来无断裂故障,在相近工况条件下,Fe_3Al滤芯运行平衡压差相比陶瓷滤芯下降了50%,且水洗塔悬浮物固含量由1 000~2 000 mg/L下降至100~500 mg/L。     

天然气过滤分离用新型复合滤芯结构及滤材选择

以高性能天然气过滤技术为目标,针对现有缠绕式滤芯、折叠式滤芯结构的不足,提出了新型复合滤芯结构,并通过实验研究了常见滤材的流通性能,确定了滤芯结构内不同部件的滤材类型。结果表明,新型复合滤芯材料由外层粗纹丝网、中心过滤层以及保护层组成。当外层粗纹丝网滤材选择HLG300不锈钢丝网,保护层选择聚丙烯滤膜,中心过滤层选择四氟滤膜或醋酸纤维滤膜时,滤芯具有较好的过滤精度和流通性能。     

折叠滤芯气液过滤性能测试及优化

采用聚结型滤芯气液过滤性能实验装置,研究了油雾加载率和表观过滤速度对折叠滤芯过滤性能的影响及涂覆粘合剂对折叠滤芯过滤性能的优化作用。结果表明,涂覆粘合剂后,滤材抗张力强度明显增大,滤材孔径减小。随油雾加载率增大,滤芯过滤层液体运移通道数增加,通道压降升高。初始压降随表观过滤速度增加而升高。粘合剂主要凝固在渗透性低的区域,压降变化较小。表观过滤速度增加抑制了二次夹带,折叠滤芯过滤效率升高,而由于粘合剂脱落,涂覆粘合剂的滤芯过滤效率下降。表观过滤速度为0.10 m/s时,随油雾加载率增大,聚结在滤材表面的粘合剂抑制夹带,滤芯过滤效率升高。     

PTA空压机入口过滤系统改造与效果

针对空压机入口过滤器压差高,滤芯更换频繁。装置负荷在80%～100%波动,影响空压机和氧化反应器的运行。对原过滤器结构和空气组成及空压机运行情况进行了分析,找到了过滤器压差高的原因。主要是空压机入口过滤器压力变化后,露点变化,有液体析出和灰尘混合糊在过滤器上,而且吹不下来,造成过滤器压差高。将原来的2级过滤改为1级分离和1级过滤,并加排水设施。过滤压差由10 kPa变为0.3 kPa。过滤滤芯由3个月更换1次变为2年,不影响装置负荷。     

天然气滤芯性能试验方法的探讨

天然气需求量的快速增加,为天然气管网的建设与开发提供了巨大的发展空间。而天然气管道中的污染物杂质会对天然气管线及仪表设备等安全运行产生不利影响。天然气滤芯是去除天然气污染物的主要元件,其性能好坏直接影响到管道与设备的稳定运行。研究了现有天然气滤芯性能试验方法,在分析滤芯实际工作条件与运行状况的情况下,提出将容尘效率测试加入到天然气滤芯性能测试中,并给出了新的天然气滤芯测试方法和流程。该方法更能体现天然气滤芯在实际工况下的过滤效率,对天然气滤芯测试和新型天然气滤芯的研发,有一定的指导意义。     

滤芯过滤器在涂料工艺中的应用

近十几年来,国外已广泛应用深层滤管状滤芯过滤器净化各种液体原料、半成品和成品。近年来国内也有许多行业采用或试用这种设备。我厂从1978年开始试验这种过滤设备,对目前国内试制的几种材质的滤芯进行了比较,并确定在部分半成品的净化中采用这种设备。两年来的使用结果证明,工艺稳定,过滤效果良好。现将情况介绍如下。一、滤芯过滤的原理滤芯过滤属于深层过滤工艺。深层过滤材料是指从外表面层直到内层都同时起着过滤作用的过滤材料。这种过滤层像一套筛孔     

聚结层排布对高压天然气净化用滤芯过滤性能影响的实验研究

本工作利用聚结滤芯过滤性能实验装置,通过改变滤芯内部的滤材排布,研究了聚结层为单一滤材以及由不同滤材排布组合的滤芯过滤性能,分析了聚结层排布方式对过滤效率、压降、饱和度及液体分布的影响。结果表明,由单一滤材组成的滤芯过滤效率随滤材孔径减小而增大,但孔径最小时由于压降较高,导致滤芯综合过滤性能反而最差。疏油在前、亲油在后的聚结层排布方式可提高滤芯过滤效率、减少液滴二次夹带,且以两层相同滤材交错排列的滤芯过滤效率比单层滤材交错排列明显更高,压降也相对较低,使得综合过滤性能显著提升。继续增加进气侧的疏油滤材层数可延缓压降增长、提高运行寿命,滤芯稳态品质因子达到最大值(0.30 kPa-1)。聚结层排布方式对滤芯过滤性能的影响主要通过改变液体分布形式而实现,且末层滤材的通道结构变化是导致不同聚结层排布方式的滤芯过滤性能出现差异的主要原因。     

新型滤芯在粘胶短纤维生产中的应用

在粘胶短纤维生产过程中,喷丝头前烛形过滤器的过滤效果对生产工况及产品质量有着重要的影响,而滤芯是烛形过滤器的关键。介绍了一种新型滤芯及其在粘胶短纤维生产中的应用。生产中,原烛形过滤器的内部为滤芯/府绸布复合结构,新型滤芯为金属烧结网单体结构,将原滤芯/府绸布更改为金属烧结网后,过滤器的清洗周期由原来的90次/年下降到8次/年,产品优级品率由原来的98. 83%上升到99. 77%;金属烧结网滤芯使用周期长,过滤性能稳定,有利于降低生产成本。     

输气站场过滤分离器压降与除尘效率变化特性

为通过压降来评价不同工况下过滤分离器的除尘效率和工作状况,指导现场过滤分离器滤芯的操作和更换,本文以输气站场典型卧式过滤分离器为研究对象,采用粉尘在线检测和计算流体力学（CFD）数值模拟的方法,分析不同运行时间、运行压力下过滤分离器压降和除尘效率的静态与动态特性,并通过现场实际验证。结果表明：在相同标况流量下,操作压力越低,过滤分离器初始压降越高;随着过滤分离器的运行时间增长,其压降检测值将偏离拟合的最优二次曲线,其除尘效率也将呈下降趋势,特别是在运行压力较低时下降更快,其根源在于低压下气流速度快,可携带更多已聚结的颗粒流出,致使下游粉尘浓度上升;CFD方法预测与在线检测的除尘效率误差均低于20%,现场实际除尘量证实两种方法均有较高的准确性与可靠性,且适合过滤分离器压降与除尘效率变化的预测。     

天然气用聚结过滤元件性能的测定与分析

为了评价目前天然气净化用滤芯气液分离性能,利用聚结型滤芯气液过滤性能的检测装置研究了滤芯的放置方式、滤芯的有效厚度及填充密度等相关因素对气液过滤性能的影响。结果表明：在相同条件下,滤芯垂直于地面放置比水平位置放置时排液较顺畅,气液过滤效果较好,并且压降至少降低25%;不同材质滤芯,随着滤芯厚度在6~32mm范围内增加,滤芯稳态压降增加,过滤器出口液滴浓度减小,过滤性能提高;滤芯的填充密度增加,滤芯压降增大,过滤器出口液滴浓度减小。     

气液过滤过程中液滴二次夹带现象分析

在天然气长距离输送过程中,天然气夹带的液滴严重影响压缩机组的安全可靠运行。利用所建立的滤芯过滤性能检测装置,以癸二酸二辛酯为实验介质,分析了天然气净化用滤芯气液过滤过程中液滴二次夹带现象的特征,比较了滤材润湿性和过滤速度等参数的影响。结果表明:当滤芯仅由聚结层组成时,滤芯过滤过程中存在液滴二次夹带现象,二次夹带将导致下游气体中液滴数量增多,且有较大液滴出现,稳态阶段滤芯累积效率在大粒径处下降;液滴在滤材表面的润湿性对二次夹带现象具有重要影响,可润湿型滤材表面更易出现液滴二次夹带现象,在相同过滤速度下,若需提高过滤效率,宜选用不可润湿型滤材制作工业滤芯;在0.1～0.3 m·s^-1过滤速度范围内,提高过滤速度可减少液滴二次夹带现象的发生,与不可润湿型滤芯相比,可润湿型滤芯过滤效果的改善更为明显;滤芯增加排液层可有效消除液滴二次夹带现象。     

Experimental Study on Filtration Performance of Flat Sheet Multiple-Layer Depth Filter Media for Intake Air Filtration

Depth filter media are usually composed of multiple layers to attain optimal values of main filtration parameters such as pressure drop and particle collection efficiency (PCE). Understanding the performance of the single layers that make up the filter media can contribute to attaining these optimum values. For the purpose of this study, we have developed two samples of depth filter media, 2LM and 3LM, composed of two and three layers, respectively. Samples of the media and single layers have been prepared in flat sheet form. Filtration performance of these samples has been evaluated using a lab-scale flat sheet filter media test unit with KCl as the test aerosol. Results from these tests have been compared with those from an automated filter tester (AFT) with NaCl as the test aerosol. These media have been characterized based on filter media properties and data from the filtration performance tests and the effect of layers on filtration performance has been observed. Pressure drop data from the tests with a standard test unit and our laboratory test unit are similar, and the difference in data is attributed to high inlet concentration of KCl particles. The overall filtration performance is strongly dependent on the final layer regarding pressure drop and particle of two- and three-layer filter media. Other constituent layers can be seen as contributors to the dust-holding capacity of the filter media and can reduce the dust load for the final layer.

Copyright 2013 American Association for Aerosol Research     

疏油改性对玻纤聚结元件气液过滤性能的影响

气液聚结元件在压缩气体净化等工业领域应用广泛,目前聚结元件的性能难以满足行业不断增长的需求,但是提高聚结元件过滤效率的同时,阻力也会随之升高,不利于其综合性能的优化。为研制低阻高效的聚结元件,利用不同浓度氟硅氧烷丙烯酸酯溶液对聚结滤材进行疏油改性,分析了表面能不同的滤材在气液过滤过程中压降、过滤效率以及二次夹带现象的变化,并对改性在聚结滤芯上的应用效果进行研究。结果表明,改性滤材在过滤效率提高10%的同时,稳态压降可降低约30%。滤材表面性质变化导致的跳跃压降减小是稳态压降降低的主要原因;滤材内液体分布对扩散、惯性分离作用的增强以及二次夹带的减少是效率提高的主要原因。对于表面能不同的疏油滤材,稳态压降和效率均随表面能的减小而升高。聚结滤芯经过改性后品质因子最大可提高92%。     

Influence of oleophobic modification on gas-liquid filtration performance of glass fiber coalescing elements

Gas-liquid coalescing elements are widely used in industrial fields such as compressed gas purification. Currently, the performance of coalescing elements is difficult to meet the growing needs of the industry. However, while increasing the filtration efficiency of the coalescing element, the resistance will increase simultaneously, which is not conducive to the optimization of the comprehensive performance. To develop low-resistance high-efficiency coalescing elements, the coalescing filter materials are modified by different concentrations of fluorosilicone acrylate solution. The evolution of pressure drop, filtration efficiency and secondary entrainment of the filter materials with different surface energy during the gas-liquid filtration process were analyzed, the modified filter materials were fabricated into coalescing filters for verification. The results showed that, the filtration efficiency of the modified filter materials was increased by approximately 10%, and the steady-state pressure drop was reduced by approximately 30%. The decrease in jump pressure drop caused by changes in the surface properties of the filter materials is the main cause of the decrease in steady-state pressure drop. The increase in filtration efficiency is caused by the enhancement of diffusion and inertial separation, and the reduction of secondary entrainment. For oleophobic filter materials with different surface energy, the pressure drop and filtration efficiency increase with the decrease of surface energy. The quality factor of the coalescing filter element can be increased by up to 92% after modification.     

Assessment performance of high-temperature filtering elements

An extensive experimental campaign has been carried out in a hot gas filtration test facility so as to test several filtering elements and configurations, particularly, three different types of bag filters and one ceramic candle. The facility was designed to operate under a wide range of conditions, thus providing an excellent tool for the investigation of hot gas filtration applications for the advanced electrical power generation industry such as IGCC, PFBC or fuel cell technologies.Relevant parameters for the characterisation and optimization of the performance of the filters have been studied for a variety of operating conditions such as filtration velocity, particle concentration, pressure and temperature among others. Pressure drop across the filter, cleaning pulse interval, baseline pressure drop, filtration efficiency and durability of the filter have been investigated for each type considered and dependences on parameters have been established. On top of that, optimal operating conditions and cleaning strategies were determined.The tests results show that bag filters are a suitable alternative for the hot gas filtration due to the better performance and the high efficiency observed, which makes them suitable for industrial applications operating under high temperature high pressure conditions considered within the study (200-370 °C and 4-7.5 barg, respectively).     

不同操作压力下的气液过滤特性分析

根据ISO-12500标准建立了压缩空气滤芯性能检测系统,将操作压力由0.1 MPa升至0.7 MPa,分析了操作压力对亲油型和疏油型两种滤芯内的液体分布、滤材饱和度和过程压降的影响. 结果表明,操作压力对疏油型滤芯的过程压降、液体运移与饱和度有显著影响,操作压力每上升0.2 MPa,滤芯初始压降上升0.32 kPa,各操作压力下滤芯润湿压降(平衡压降与初始压降的差)为4.5~5.1 kPa,0.7 MPa时最后1层滤材饱和度比0.1 MPa时上升了71%,饱和度沿气体流动方向呈凹型分布,小面积润湿区域增多,稳态压降前出现短暂跃升阶段,可能加剧滤芯二次夹带,导致过滤器下游管道内液滴数增多,降低过滤器效率;操作压力对亲油型滤芯的初始压降影响显著,操作压力每上升0.2 MPa,初始压降上升0.39 kPa;操作压力对液体运移与饱和度影响较小,不同操作压力下各层滤材饱和度的分布规律相同,液体分布无明显差异.     

Experimental study of pleated fabric cartridges in a pulse-jet cleaned dust collector

Six pleated filter cartridges with different base media and geometrical dimensions were tested in a full-size dust collector periodically cleaned by a short burst of pulse-jet. The evaluation was performed under two different cleaning modes called clean-on-demand (to clean the filter once the pressure drop reaches a preset value) and clean-on-time (to clean the filter at a fixed time interval). The filter performance was evaluated by the effective residual pressure drop and downstream particle concentration. The results showed that the pleat ratio, defined as the ratio of pleat height to pleat pitch, had a great influence on the preferred operating mode for cleaning the filter. Clean-on-time mode demonstrated better performance for filters with a high pleat ratio (> 4.0), while clean-on-demand mode performed better for filters with a low pleat ratio (< 4.0). The test results also showed the tank pressure was critical for cleaning the pleated filter cartridges, whereas the pulse duration only had a small effect on the cleaning efficiency. With the same base media, cartridges with surface treatment such as fine fiber were superior to those without surface treatment. Pulse-jet cleaning could also promote particle penetration through filter media. The downstream particle concentration during cleaning was at least twice of that during filtration process for all pleated filter cartridges tested. Further, the downstream particle concentration was independent of the applied cleaning mode and the cleaning intensity in this study.