Ce含量对Al在3.5％NaCl溶液中腐蚀行为影响的研究

稀土元素及其含量对铝合金耐腐蚀性能的影响及其机制是铝合金开发利用的重要研究课题,采用高频熔炼方法制备Al1-xCex(x=0,0.2％,2.0％(原子分数))合金,通过X射线衍射、金相分析、电化学测试、扫描电镜和能谱等分别对制备的Al1-xCex合金的结构、动电位线性扫描极化曲线、浸泡与电化学腐蚀前后表面形貌的变化进行了研究;对Al1-xCex在3.5％ NaCl溶液中耐腐蚀性能与铈含量的关系进行了系统的分析.结果表明:由于Cl-离子的存在,铝在3.5％ NaCl溶液中发生点蚀破坏;稀土Ce的加入能够细化晶粒,改善合金微观结构,减弱Cl-离子对点蚀的影响;Ce元素在腐蚀表面层富集,有利于形成连续钝化膜,提高合金在NaCl溶液中的耐蚀能力;微量稀土Ce(0.2％)的加入使合金的自腐蚀电位升高,腐蚀电流密度降低,耐腐蚀性能改善明显;但随着Ce含量的增加,即含量高于铈在铝中的溶解度后,铝与铈将形成金属间化合物,基底与金属间化合物相界面的存在使合金的耐腐蚀性能有所降低,Ce含量为0.2％合金的耐腐蚀性能比Ce含量为2.0％的合金要好.所有合金腐蚀后的主要产物为Al2O3.     

Al_(88)Ce_8Co_4非晶合金在NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为研究

利用极化曲线测试方法、交流阻抗技术研究了Al88Ce8Co4非晶合金在NaCl溶液中的电化学腐蚀行为。研究结果表明,Al88Ce8Co4非晶合金在NaCl溶液中具有很好的耐腐蚀性能。NaCl溶液浓度严重影响Al88Ce8Co4非晶合金的抗腐蚀性能,在所研究的浓度范围内,极化曲线都表现出明显的钝化趋势,EIS图谱均由单一的容抗弧构成。在浓度为0.5mol/L~2mol/L范围内,随浓度的增加,自腐蚀电位有向负方向移动的趋势,腐蚀电流密度逐渐降低,电荷转移电阻逐渐增大,当浓度达到4mol/L时,自腐蚀电位向负方向移动较大,相较于2mol/L时,腐蚀电流密度又有所升高,电荷转移电阻有所降低。     

5083铝镁合金在不同浓度NaCl溶液中的腐蚀研究

采用扫描电化学显微镜（SECM）中的极化曲线法和交流阻抗图谱法研究5083铝镁合金在不同浓度NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为,结果表明:合金在中性NaCl溶液中的腐蚀为钝化材料体系,随着盐度的增加,Cl-对合金基体的破坏加剧,腐蚀电位正移,点蚀电位减小,其电化学阻抗谱中仅有1个容抗弧且呈现收缩趋势.同时,阻抗减小,相位角增加,弥散指数降低,合金的耐腐蚀性能下降.溶液中存在强活化作用的Cl-,会损坏合金表面的氧化膜,逐渐取代腐蚀产物Al（OH）₃中的OH-,生成新的腐蚀产物AlCl₃.      

稀土元素Ce对204Cu奥氏体不锈钢耐腐蚀性能的影响

204Cu奥氏体不锈钢(/%:0.125~0.131C,0.32~0.34Si,8.51~8.73Mn,0.002~0.006S,0.035~0.007P,16.40~16.64Cr,2.53~2.72Ni,2.33~2.38Cu,0.257~0.271N,0~0.064Ce)由10 kg真空感应炉熔炼,锻成25 mm×25 mm方坯,并进行1150℃ 2 h水冷的固溶处理。利用重量法和电化学法的交流阻抗和极化曲线技术研究了0~0.064%Ce对204Cu不锈钢在25℃ 3.5%NaCl溶液中耐腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明,204Cu不锈钢中加入一定量的稀土元素Ce,204Cu不锈钢的阳极极化电位值正移,降低腐蚀电流密度,增加极化电阻,可以显著提高其耐腐蚀性能,当向钢中加入0.029%Ce时,204Cu不锈钢可以获得最佳的耐腐蚀性能。     

热处理工艺对塑料模具钢P20腐蚀行为的影响

采用电化学试验、交流阻抗谱测试、失重试验、中性盐雾试验及SEM、EDS、XRD分析,研究了不同热处理工艺下塑料模具钢P20的耐腐蚀性能,并对腐蚀机制进行了研究。研究结果表明,860℃空冷得到的贝氏体/马氏体双相组织和860℃油冷得到的单相马氏体组织的耐蚀性优于785℃油冷得到的铁素体/马氏体双相组织。组织为贝氏体/马氏体及马氏体的试样分别经过450和620℃回火后,马氏体及贝氏体发生分解,碳化物大量析出,耐蚀性下降。经电化学试验后,试样表面腐蚀产物分为两层,外层为疏松的FeOOH,内层为致密的Fe3O4;阳极反应为铁的溶解,阴极反应为析氢反应。钢在0.5mol/L的NaCl溶液中的点蚀主要发生在夹杂物周围。     

Cr28Ni48W5C03合金离心铸造柱状晶电化学腐蚀的各向异性

耐腐蚀性能是不锈钢类材料的重要性能之一。以KCl为腐蚀溶液采用电化学分析法测试了Cr28Ni48W5Co3合金离心铸造柱状晶粒不同截面的电化学腐蚀性能,结果表明,柱状晶粒纵向截面腐蚀电位低于横向截面腐蚀电位,纵向截面腐蚀阻抗大于横向截面腐蚀阻抗,而且随着KCl腐蚀液摩尔浓度的增大,纵向与横向耐腐蚀性能的差别加大。Cr28Ni48W5Co3合金柱状晶上述各向异性电化学腐蚀性能与其离心铸造微观组织的各向异性特点有关。     

高盐废水浓缩环境中的TC4钛合金腐蚀研究

从蒸汽机械压缩技术(MVR)腐蚀环境角度,模拟高盐废水浓缩液开展了TC4材料耐腐蚀性能研究,通过微观组织表征、腐蚀失重、缝隙腐蚀、电化学测试(开位电路、电化学阻抗以及动电位极化曲线测试)等腐蚀测试,证实了TC4合金的(α+β)双相钛合金,在各种高氯离子强度环境中的耐缝隙腐蚀能力较强,14d全浸试验没有出现局部点蚀,最大腐蚀速率仅1 mg/(cm2·a)左右,远低于2205双相钢在相同环境下的腐蚀情况.电化学测试结果也表明:TC4钛合金在高氯离子强度溶液中,表面形成的惰性钝化层生成迅速并保持稳定,对抑制材料表面腐蚀、缝隙腐蚀也有较明显作用.TC4合金的高温耐腐蚀性能适用于高盐废水环境,在MVR技术处理高氯含量工业污水方面有潜在应用价值.     

稀土Ce对1Cr18Mn8Ni5N不锈钢耐均匀腐蚀性能影响

利用电化学的极化曲线及交流阻抗技术研究了不同稀土含量的1Cr18Mn8Ni5N不锈钢在硫酸介质中的腐蚀行为。应用扫描电镜对试样的腐蚀形貌及夹杂物形态进行了观察,利用EDS对夹杂物成分进行了分析。结果表明:钢中加入稀土Ce可改变夹杂物形态,并使其交流阻抗的极化电阻增大,极化曲线的腐蚀电位正移,降低了腐蚀电流密度,抵制了均匀腐蚀,改善了1Cr18Mn8Ni5N不锈钢的耐蚀性。当钢中稀土Ce质量分数为0.022%时,1Cr18Mn8Ni5N不锈钢可获得最好的耐均匀腐蚀性能。     

节镍含稀土23Cr型双相不锈钢点蚀性能研究

为了研究节镍型含稀土双相不锈钢在中性氯化物溶液中的点蚀行为,采用阳极极化曲线、交流阻抗、扫描电镜(SEM)及X射线能谱仪(EDS)等方法研究了微量稀土元素对23Cr型双相不锈钢耐点蚀性能的影响。研究结果表明,加稀土后,23Cr型双相不锈钢在1.0 mol/L Na Cl溶液中的点蚀电位及钝化能力明显提高,稀土含量为0.028%的实验钢耐点蚀能力最强,稀土能提高23Cr型双相不锈钢的耐点蚀性能;硫化物夹杂是23Cr型双相不锈钢的主要点蚀诱发源;合适的稀土含量可以有效的净化钢液,变质长条硫化物夹杂为球状稀土夹杂;稀土夹杂弥散分布在钢中,且相互独立,不形成腐蚀的活性通道,抑制了23Cr型双相不锈钢点蚀的发生。     

Mn对2205双相不锈钢耐点蚀性能的影响

研究锰元素对2205双相不锈钢耐点蚀性能的影响, 锰质量分数的变化范围为0. 93%~1. 26%.分别采用化学腐蚀法、动电位极化法研究双相不锈钢2205的耐腐蚀性能, 采用夹杂物自动分析技术研究锰对钢中夹杂物种类及数量的影响, 通过扫描电镜、能谱及夹杂物原位分析法观察化学腐蚀及电化学腐蚀前后钢中夹杂物及其周围钢基体的变化情况.采用电感耦合等离子体发光光谱测定腐蚀产物的成分.研究结果表明, 不同类型的夹杂物对耐腐蚀性能的影响不同, (Mn、Si) 氧化物以及(Mn、Si、Cr) 氧硫化物在腐蚀液中更易溶解进而促进腐蚀, 而(Cr、Mn、Al) 氧化物却很稳定.锰的加入会促进钢中(Cr、Mn、Al) 夹杂的析出, 此类夹杂物不仅自身很容易被含Cl离子的溶液腐蚀, 而且作为点蚀的起始点, 促进了点蚀坑的形成, 加快了基体腐蚀, 最终导致不锈钢耐点蚀性能的下降.      

Ce和W对444铁素体不锈钢耐点蚀性的影响

采用浸泡失重法和电化学方法研究Ce和W对铁素体不锈钢在含Cl-溶液中耐点蚀性能的影响,并通过恒电位极化法测定不同Ce和W含量的铁素体不锈钢临界点蚀温度(CPT)。结果表明,W和Ce都可显著抑制铁素体不锈钢在FeCl₃溶液中的腐蚀溶解,且含W的不锈钢蚀坑坑底有W元素富集。Ce和W的添加提高了不锈钢在5%NaCl溶液中的临界点蚀温度,并且当W的质量分数达到1%时,可以显著增强蚀坑的再钝化能力。添加Ce和W可提高不锈钢的点蚀电位,降低腐蚀电流密度,提高不锈钢的耐点蚀性能。不同成分的铁素体不锈钢在中性氯溶液中都表现出稳定的钝态,而Ce和W的添加可以提高钝化膜的稳定性,扩大钝化区范围。     

钨含量及固溶温度对022Cr25Ni7Mo3.5WCuN钢耐腐蚀性能的影响

研究了钨含量及固溶温度对超级双相不锈钢022Cr25Ni7Mo3.5WCuN耐点腐蚀性能的影响。通过化学浸泡失重法和电化学极化曲线法，测试了超级双相不锈钢022Cr25Ni7Mo3.5WCuN耐点腐蚀性能，并运用Thermo Calc热力学计算辅助分析。结果表明，固溶温度对超级双相不锈钢022Cr25Ni7Mo3.5WCuN耐点腐蚀性能影响效果显著，在1 100 ℃时，022Cr25Ni7Mo3.5WCuN 的耐腐蚀性能达到最佳；在理想的固溶条件下，钨元素有助于钝化膜的形成，钨含量的增加使得022Cr25Ni7Mo3.5WCuN的耐腐蚀性能增强，在钨质量分数为1.5%时，022Cr25Ni7Mo3.5WCuN获得最佳耐腐蚀性能，若钨含量继续增加，打破了α和γ两相的平衡，则耐蚀性能降低。     

Pitting corrosion behavior of cerium treated HSLA steel induced by sulfide inclusions in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution

Pitting corrosion behavior of Ce treated HSLA steels induced by sulfide inclusions in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution was investigated with potentiodynamic polarization and immersion corrosion test.The results show that Ce added steels exhibit better pitting corrosion resistance with lower corrosion current density and bigger pitting potential compared with steel without Ce,which is mainly attributed to optimized characteristics of spherical Ce-oxysulfide inclusions with less number density,smaller average size and lower pitting corrosion susceptibility.The spherical Ce₂O₂ S inclusions precipitated on the surface of CeAlO₃ inclusions in the Ce added steels induce pits with bigger opening mouth and shallow depth,reducing their tendency of extension to go deeper due to occlusion corrosion battery in the pitting holes.Furthermore,corrosion inhibitor Ce(OH)₃ generated by Ce₂O₂ S hydration can weaken electrochemical corrosion of the matrix micro-region around the pits.To avoid harmful bigger inclusions,Ce content in steels should be regulated within reasonable range,0.015 wt% Ce in present steels effectively modified inclusions to acquire the best pitting corrosion resistance of the steels.     

Effects of Cu on Corrosion Resistance of Low Alloyed Steels in Acid Chloride Media

The corrosion resistance of two kinds of low alloyed steels was studied according to the test procedures for qualification of corrosion resistant steel for cargo oil tanks issued by International Maritime Organization.The results indicated that the addition of Cu improved the corrosion resistance of the NS-D36 steel to more than three times that of the conventional D36 steel in the strong acid solution containing chloride(10% NaCl,pH=0.85).The anodic polarization behavior of the copper-bearing steel was studied by polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS),and alloying element Cu showed beneficial effects including an active potential range,low current density and high transfer resistance of electric charge.The rust layer was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and Auger electron spectroscopy(AES),and the results pointed out that the mechanism of copper′s beneficial effects was based on the suppression of anodic dissolution by metallic copper re-deposition on the steel surface immersed in the strong acid chloride media.     

Effect of solution temperature on pitting corrosion resistance of 00Cr20Ni25Mo6Cu3 stainless steels

The effect of solution temperature on pitting resistance of superaustenitic stainless steels 20Cr- 25Ni- 6Mo in concentrated chloride media was studied by potentiodynamic scanning(PDS), chemical immersion test and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS). The microstructure of the alloy after heat treatment was observed by optical microscope(OM). The results show that with the increase of solution temperature, the secondary phases dissolve in the matrix, the grain grows significantly. The rate of weight loss decreases first, and reaches the minimum at 1200??, and thereafter, it increases with further increasing solution temperature. Meanwhile, the radius of the EIS capacitive loop increases first and then reduces, signifying that the corrosion resistance of the stainless steels is first enhanced and then weakened. The deterioration of the corrosion resistance of the stainless steel is attributed to the presence of secondary phases.     

镍含量对2205双相不锈钢焊接接头的影响

采用光学显微镜观察了不同镍含量下2205 双相不锈钢焊接接头的金相组织,通过点腐蚀试验测量腐蚀速率,并采用电化学工作站对焊接接头的点蚀电位进行测量。结果表明,1.2 mm厚度规格2205双相不锈钢焊接接头为铁素体加奥氏体的两相组织,点蚀坑主要出现在热影响区和焊缝。镍含量高的样品金相组织中奥氏体含量高,对应点蚀电位也要高于镍含量低的样品。耐点蚀性能上的差异与接头中两相比例有关。     

Pitting Corrosion Behavior of Stainless Steel 304 in Carbon Dioxide Environments

The pitting corrosion behavior of stainless steel (SS) 304 in aqueous CO2-H2S-CI-environment was investigated by potentiodynamic cyclic anodic polarization and electron probemicroanalysis (EPMA). The experimental results show that the pitting corrosion susceptivityof SS 304 increases with the increase of temperature. Chlorine ion is the prerequisite for pittingcorrosion of SS 304 in H2S-CO2 environments. There is a linear relatiotxship between the pittingcorrosion potential (Eb-100) and chlorine ion concentration, and Eb-00 becomes noble with in-creasing pH value of the solution with or without H2S. pH value has little effect on the protec-tion potential with the presence of Hz S. H2S increases strongly the pitting corrosion susceptivi-ty and deteriorates the pitting corrosion resistance of SS 304 in CO2 environments. The obser-vations by EPMA show that SS 304 in CO2-saturated NaCI solution (3%) with H2S sufferspitting corrosion accompanied with intergranular corrosion.     

Effects of Cu Content on Inclusions and Pitting Corrosion in S32205 Duplex Stainless Steel

Cu is an austenite-forming element in duplex stainless steel, and the precipitation of Cu-rich phase can improve the strength of the alloy. However, the role of Cu element in the corrosion resistance of stainless steel is widely controversial. Herein, the effects of different Cu content on the formation of inclusions and the pitting resistance of duplex stainless steel are studied by using potentiodynamic anodic polarization test, immersion corrosion, scanning electron microscope, and electron probe microanalysis. The results show that the pitting potential decreases significantly with the increase of Cu content, which greatly reduces its ability to resist Cl⁻ corrosion. The reason is that Cu increases the driving force for the formation of Al-containing oxides, which increases the number and size of Al-containing inclusions formed in the process of melting and solidification. At the same time, Cu promotes the formation of Cr-depleted zone, which promotes the formation of microcracks and pitting corrosion between steel matrix and inclusions in duplex stainless steel.     

445J2超纯铁素体不锈钢和316L超低碳奥氏体不锈钢在溴化锂溶液的点蚀分析

445J2铁素体不锈钢由于高的导热率、低的热膨胀系数以及良好的耐蚀性能使得其作为溴冷机中一些部件的良好候选材料,本文采用电化学测试方法对比研究了445J2超纯铁素体不锈钢(/%:0.01C,22.5Cr, 1.9Mo, 0.27Nb, 0.20Ti, 0.09Al, 0.36Cu, 0.015P,0.001S,0.015N)和316L奥氏体不锈钢(/%:0.002C,16.8Cr, 10.19Ni, 2.02Mo, 0.025P,0.0008S)在20～60℃0.1～1M的溴化锂溶液中的点蚀行为,并采用扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱分析仪(EDS)对电化学结果进行表征。结果表明,随着LiBr温度和浓度的升高,两种钢腐蚀电流密度增大,点蚀电位降低,耐点蚀性变差;氧化物和硫化物夹杂会引起两种钢的点蚀;高含量的Cr以及Mo、Ti、Nb、Al等合金元素使445J2钢具有优异的耐点蚀性能。