Cu-Ti-B-Diamond体系自蔓延高温烧结研究

采用Ti/Cu/B/Diamond粉体为原料,通过自蔓延高温反应技术,制备了Cu-TiB2结合剂金刚石复合材料。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)结合能谱仪(EDS)等技术表征和分析试样。研究结果表明:原料经自蔓延高温烧结后,产物主相为Cu、TiB2和金刚石。当TiB2(20%)质量分数较低时,反应后在金刚石表面形成极少量的颗粒附着物;TiB2质量分数较高时(30%~60%),在金刚石表面会形成富Cu-B相与B4C相,这些相在金刚石表面呈现出独特的凹凸不平的圆球状镀覆状态。     

反应自生Cu-TiB_2-TiC复合材料

研究了Cu-Ti-B4C体系的燃烧合成过程。以Cu,Ti和B4C粉末为原料按不同的配比混料球磨,制成预制块．用热爆方式引燃,原位反应合成以TiB2和TiC颗粒为增强相的Cu基复合材料,采用DTA,XRD和SEM技术对反应过程和产物进行分析．井对反应体系进行热力学计算。结果表明：Ti＋B4C的反应是高放热反应,瞬间完成,随着体系中Cu的增加,反应剧烈程度降低,材料致密度提高,TiC和TiB2颗粒细小、均匀,与基体结合较好。     

原位合成TiB_2/Al_2O_3复相陶瓷显微组织的研究

采用自蔓延燃烧合成法在室温下的空气中制备出TiB2/Al2O3复相陶瓷,通过X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)分析表明:大部分TiB2的形貌为规则的块状,晶粒细小,平均尺寸为几个微米,但也出现了TiB2枝晶和棒状晶。而Al2O3的颗粒较大(10～40μm),形状不规则,Al2O3的断口呈层片状,Al2O3和TiB2出现聚集现象。     

原位合成TiB2/Al-5Cu复合材料的微观组织及摩擦磨损行为

采用混合盐反应法制备了TiB2/Al-5Cu复合材料,通过XRD、SEM、EDS和摩擦磨损试验等材料分析方法测试了复合材料的微观组织和耐磨性能.研究表明.内生TiB2颗粒分布均匀,平均尺寸约为500 nm.TiB2颗粒的引入显著细化了复合材料的凝固组织.复合材料的耐磨性能比基体合金有明显的提高,原因是表面形成了一层致密的机械混合层.TiB2颗粒在摩擦过程中起着抑制金属流动和支撑的双重作用.     

大尺寸Ti3AlC2陶瓷的制备及其性能

采用燃烧合成结合准热等静压技术(SHS/PHIP)成功制备了大尺寸Ti3AlC2块体陶瓷材料,确定了用自蔓延准热等静压(SHS/PHIP)法制备大尺寸Ti3AlC2块体陶瓷材料的最佳原料配比。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)手段对产物进行了分析,XRD结果表明反应产物中只含有Ti3AlC2陶瓷相,SEM分析发现制备的产物为层片状组织结构。而且由于层状显微结构的存在,使得该材料的性能比较好,其抗弯曲强度、断裂韧性和抗压缩强度分别为330.8MPa、5.7MPa·m1/2和823MPa。     

激光原位制备硼化钛与镍钛合金增强钛基复合涂层

以不同配比的Ni粉末和TiB2粉末混合物为预置层,利用激光原位技术在钛合金表面制备了bcc结构的NiTi合金、TiB短纤维与TiB2颗粒增强钛基复合涂层.运用XRD,SEM与EPMA等实验手段,对合成的钛基复合涂层进行测试分析.结果表明,随着激光功率密度与Ni粉末添加量的增加,涂层表面成型质量得到改善;然而随着Ni添加量的提高,涂层中出现了NiTi2新相,且TiB短纤维变得粗大;通过热力学计算可知,反应驱动力大小顺序为Ni3TiNiTi2NiTiTiB,并结合涂层中相种类及含量的变化规律,探讨了不同元素反应间的竞争机制.     

原位合成TiB2/Al2O3复相陶瓷显微组织的研究

采用自蔓延燃烧合成法在室温下的空气中制备出TiB2/Al2O3复相陶瓷，通过X射线衍射（XRD）和扫描电镜（SEM）分析表明：大部分TiB2的形貌为规则的块状，晶粒细小，平均尺寸为几个微米，但也出现了TiB2枝晶和棒状晶。而Al2O3的颗粒较大（10-40μm），形状不规则，Al2O3的断口呈层片状，Al2O3和TiB2出现聚集现象。     

原位反应合成（TiB2-Al2O3）/NiAl复合材料的微观组织

通过Ni、Al、TiO2和B2O3粉末之间的原位反应合成(TiB2-Al2O3)/NiAl复合材料,研究材料的物相组成和组织结构,并对典型组织的形成过程进行探讨。结果表明:反应产物由NiAl、TiB2和Al2O3这3种相组成。基体由NiAl和Al2O3组成,而TiB2颗粒规则,尺寸2~5μm,呈簇状镶嵌在Al2O3中,少量弥散分布在NiAl基体上。分析认为TiB2的晶体结构、含量、所处NiAl熔体环境以及极快的冷却速度是影响其生长形态和分布的主要原因。     

放电等离子烧结-非晶晶化法合成Ti7oNb7.8Cu8.4Ni7.2Al6.6复合材料

采用机械合金化制备不含和含2%(体积分数)B4C的钛基非晶合金粉末,随后采用放电等离子烧结-非晶晶化法合成不含／含(TiB+TiC)的Ti7oNb7.8Cu8.4Ni7.2Al6.6超细晶／细晶钛基复合材料;运用X射线衍射分析(XRD)、差示扫描量热分析(DSC)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和万能材料试验机等对制备的钛基非晶粉末和超细晶／细晶钛基复合材料进行表征.结果表明高能球磨80h的钛基粉末中主要为非晶相,B4C颗粒的加入对钛基粉末的玻璃转变温度、晶化温度和晶化焓有显著的影响.另外,不含／含(TiB+TiC)的复合材料的显微硬度分别为5.47和5.33GPa;以50K/min升温到1223K并保温10min获得的Ti70Nb7.8Cu8.4Ni7.2Al6.6块体试样的断裂强度和断裂应变分别为2098MPa和11.5%.     

电火花沉积法在铜电极表面制备TiB2/Ni涂层

为了提高镀锌钢板用点焊电极的使用寿命,在铜电极表面涂覆过渡层Ni后沉积了TiB2涂层。通过SEM和XRD分析了Ni和TiB2涂层的物相和微观结构,并测试了其显微硬度。结果表明：由于材料具有良好的塑性,预涂覆的Ni涂层结构致密无裂纹,与基体Cu无分层;而TiB2涂层内存在裂纹和孔洞。通过过渡层Ni将TiB2涂层和基体Cu粘结起来,获得了较理想的涂层。随着电火花放电电容和电压的增加,TiB2的氧化程度增强,Cu和Ni大量扩散进入涂层表面,使TiB2/Ni涂层的硬度降低。由于TiB2良好的导电和导热性能及高的硬度,TiB2/Ni涂层电极在点焊时的塑性变形降低,寿命比无涂层电极和TiC涂层电极得到了明显提高。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.