利用同步臭氧氧化实现SBR污泥减量的研究

将臭氧通入SBR反应器中进行同步臭氧氧化,考察了污泥的减量效果以及对出水水质的影响.结果表明:污泥产率随着臭氧投量的增加而减小,当臭氧投加量从零增加到O.04gO3/gSS时污泥产率从0.45 gSS/gSCOD减少到-0.04 gSS/gSCOD;同步臭氧氧化对SBR系统的出水水质没有显著影响,当臭氧投加量为0.03 gO3/gSS时系统对COD、NH4 -N、TP的去除率分别为92.5%、91.1%、80.5%.可见,同步臭氧氧化是实现污泥减量的有效方法.     

臭氧破解活性污泥的试验研究

采用鼓泡型臭氧接触反应柱,探讨了臭氧氧化对活性污泥性状的影响。结果表明,反应初期MLSS降幅不大,在臭氧投量为0.04～0.10 gO3/gMLSS阶段,臭氧直接作用于污泥,MLSS下降明显;MLVSS呈现与MLSS类似的下降趋势;随着臭氧投量的增加,MLVSS/MLSS值从初期的0.75降至试验末期的0.60。臭氧溶胞引起上清液中SCOD浓度的上升,但同时由于臭氧的矿化作用导致其增加量低于经验值,为0.628 4 gSCOD/gMLVSS。另外,上清液中硝态氮和总氮浓度呈上升趋势,氨氮浓度先上升后下降,在臭氧投量为0.08 gO3/gMLSS时达到最大。     

硫酸铝强化纳米铁还原硝酸盐氮的研究

在水体溶解氧较高的条件下,采用投加硫酸铝的方式强化纳米铁对硝酸盐氮的去除效果。结果表明,投加硫酸铝可明显提高纳米铁对硝酸盐氮的去除效果,当硝酸盐氮初始浓度为10mg/L、纳米铁投量为5g/L、硫酸铝投量为100mg/L时,反应6h后对硝酸盐氮的去除率可达到83%,而不投加硫酸铝的情况下仅为51%。纳米铁对硝酸盐氮的还原过程符合拟一级反应动力学规律,其反应速率常数k随纳米铁投量和硫酸铝投量的增加而增大;纳米铁对硝酸盐氮的去除率随pH的降低而升高,随初始硝酸盐氮浓度的增加而下降;纳米铁还原硝酸盐氮的表观活化能较低,还原反应在常温下即很容易进行;硝酸盐氮的最终还原产物为氨氮。     

臭氧对陶瓷膜去除地表水中有机物的影响研究

采用臭氧氧化技术改善陶瓷膜对钱塘江原水的处理效果,基于臭氧对膜出水中有机物的氧化作用,探讨不同的臭氧投加方式对陶瓷膜过滤特性的影响。结果表明,臭氧可较好地去除有机物,提高膜过滤通量。当臭氧投加量为5 mg/L时,对DOC和UV254的去除率可由未投加臭氧时的34%和22. 5%提高到44. 6%和40%;臭氧可有效提高陶瓷膜的膜通量,且随臭氧投加量的增加而逐步提高,臭氧投加量为5 mg/L时,膜比通量较未投加臭氧时提高了18. 3%;膜的化学清洗液的分析结果表明,臭氧氧化了污染陶瓷膜的一些有机物质,从而减少了膜污染,提高了膜通量。     

腐殖土活性污泥中重金属的浸出行为研究

在不同pH值和腐殖土投加量条件下,对活性污泥中Zn、Ni、Cu和Pb四种重金属的浸出行为进行了研究。结果表明,污泥中Zn和Ni的浸出率随pH值的降低而呈明显升高的趋势,Cu和Pb的浸出率也随pH值的降低而升高,但变化幅度相对较小。在酸性条件下,随着腐殖土投量的增加,活性污泥中Zn、Ni、Cu和Pb的浸出率明显降低;而在中性偏碱性条件下,这种变化趋势不明显。投加腐殖土能明显改变活性污泥中重金属的形态分布,促进重金属的稳定化,进而显著改善重金属的浸出行为。     

钢纤维掺量对混凝土性能的影响

采用干湿拌合法,将不同掺量的钢纤维掺入C40混凝土中,研究钢纤维掺量对混凝土坍落度、抗压强度和抗折强度的影响。实验结果表明:钢纤维掺量大于16 kg/m3时,混凝土坍落度随钢纤维掺量的增加明显降低,当掺量为40 kg/m3时,坍落度下降了35%;混凝土抗压强度随钢纤维掺量的增加呈先增大后减小的趋势,最佳掺量为32 kg/m3,抗压强度为57 MPa,比普通混凝土提高了20%;抗折强度随钢纤维掺量的增加而逐渐增大,并且二者有一定的线性关系,掺量为40 kg/m3时,混凝土抗折强度为8.35 MPa,比普通混凝土提高了45%。     

微米臭氧曝气深度处理工艺的最优曝气孔径研究

采用微米曝气对超滤膜出水通入臭氧进行深度处理,系统探讨了不同投加量(30、50、100、120 mg/L)及曝气孔径(5、10、20、30μm)对出水p H值以及COD、TOC、TN去除效果的影响。结果表明:在相同曝气孔径下,出水p H值随着臭氧投加量的增大而降低;当臭氧投加量为30mg/L时,出水p H值随着曝气孔径的增大而降低,而投加量≥50 mg/L时,出水p H值随曝气孔径的增大而升高。曝气孔径为30μm时对COD的去除效果相对最好,且该孔径下COD去除率随着臭氧投加量的增加而逐渐升高。臭氧对TOC的去除率小于对COD的去除率;曝气头孔径越小、臭氧投加量越大,对TOC的去除率越高。当臭氧投加量为120 mg/L时,对TOC的去除率为15.2%。臭氧对TN的去除率较其对COD和TOC的去除率低,TN去除率与臭氧投加量并没有明显的一致性规律。     

臭氧——生物活性炭污水回用研究

对城市污水处理厂二级出水进行了臭氧—生物活性炭、臭氧—颗粒活性炭和臭氧—生物陶粒污水回用对比试验研究,在臭氧投量为1 mgO3/mgTOC~1.5 mgO3/mgTOC,空床停留时间(EBCT)为15 min的条件下,考察了各工艺对TOC、氨氮、色度、浊度的去除效果,分析了不同载体上的生物量分布特征,并着重分析了BAC炭床的生物总群特性。     

臭氧化对臭氧耦合ASBR/SBR工艺硝化、反硝化的影响

针对臭氧耦合ASBR/SBR污泥减量化工艺,研究了臭氧氧化对硝化和反硝化能力的影响。结果表明,在臭氧投加量为0.074gO3/gSS左右的条件下,系统进水的COD平均值由氧化前的659mg/L增加到氧化后的713mg/L,碳源量提高了8.2%。进水氨氮由34.3mg/L增加到39.9mg/L,出水氨氮由1.7mg/L升高至1.9mg/L,硝化能力基本未受到影响。SBR段的出水NO3--N平均值由5.85mg/L下降为2.2mg/L,表明系统的反硝化能力增强。投加臭氧前后,系统进水TN平均值分别为49.1mg/L和52.9mg/L,出水TN平均值分别为10.9和13.4mg/L,对TN的平均去除率分别为77.7%和74.6%。可见,臭氧氧化未对SBR段的硝化和反硝化效果产生明显影响。     

垃圾渗滤液为碳源时A~2/O法的脱氮除磷研究

以垃圾渗滤液为碳源,进行了A2/O法的脱氮除磷试验研究.结果表明,在一定范围内,随着垃圾渗滤液投量的增加,A2/O工艺的出水总氮浓度降低,而对总磷的去除率却呈下降趋势.当垃圾渗滤液投量为0.2%时,出水总氮为11.38 mg/L,对总氮的去除率为62.40%,较对照的提高了13.96%;出水总磷为0.21 mg/L,对总磷的去除率为94.35%,较对照的下降了2.61%.当垃圾渗滤液投量为0.4%时,出水总氮为9.16 mg/L,对总氮的去除率为68.59%,较对照的提高了20.15%;出水总磷为0.26 mg/L,对总磷的去除率为92.37%,较对照的下降了4.59%.之后随着垃圾渗滤液投量的进一步提高,出水总氮和总磷浓度均高于对照试验的.可见,适当掺加垃圾渗滤液可提高脱氮效果,解决原水碳源不足的问题.     

臭氧生物活性炭深度处理黄浦江上游原水

对黄浦江上游原水进行臭氧生物活性炭中试研究表明：在臭氧有效投量为2．0mg／L、臭氧接触塔和活性炭柱停留时间均为11min的条件下，臭氧生物活性炭工艺对水中CODMn和UV254的平均去除率分别为29．95％和48．83％，出水CODMn和UV254值分别为2．96mg／L和0．053cm^-1；为保证炭柱出水氨氮浓度≤0．5mg／L，建议控制炭柱进水氨氮浓度≤1．5mg／L；水温、进水浓度、炭柱停留时间以及臭氧投量对污染物去除效果均有一定的影响。     

The effect of operational parameters of the process of sludge ozonation on the solubilisation of organic and nitrogenous compounds

An evaluation of various operational parameters on the process of sludge ozonation was carried out based on semi-batch experiments. Particular reference has been given to examine the main parameters affecting the solubilisation of organic matter and nitrogenous compounds. Various sets of experiments were undertaken using real sewage sludge to feed a semi-industrial ozonation plant. Applying ozone dosages between 25 and 35 mg O(3)/gTSS, the organic matter solubilisation obtained through ozonation increases proportionally to ozone dosage until a maximum value of 430 mg COD/L. Concerning the nitrogenous compounds, no variation in nitrite concentration and a low increase in nitrate concentration were attained, regardless of the applied ozone dosage. Little increase in ammonia concentration was achieved for low ozone dosages, whilst applying dosages higher than 20 mg O(3)/gTSS, the variation of ammonia increased proportionally with ozone dosage. Experiments using hydraulic retention time (HRT) between 10 and 60 min resulted in a similar COD solubilisation, confirming a rapid rate of cell lysis during ozonation of sludge.     

臭氧破解对剩余污泥性质的影响

通过不同臭氧投加量对剩余污泥的破解试验,系统地研究了臭氧破解过程中剩余污泥基质和上清液中相关指标的变化规律。试验结果表明,臭氧破解能够有效减少污泥中固体物质的含量,在臭氧投加量为250 mg/g(O3/TS)的条件下,总残渣(TS)和挥发性固体(VS)分别减少了31.33%和35.59%;臭氧破解使得污泥上清液中的溶解性化学需氧量(SCOD)、总氮、总磷、氨氮含量均明显上升,pH值则呈下降趋势,但降幅不大。     

Addition of an aerated iron‐rich waste‐activated sludge to control the soluble sulphide concentration in sewage

Hydrogen sulphide emission in sewers is associated with toxicity, corrosion and odour and also yields considerable costs. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the soluble sulphide concentration in raw sewage can be controlled by dosing an iron‐rich waste‐activated sludge (WAS) or an iron‐rich aerated waste‐activated sludge (AWAS). An average soluble sulphide elimination of 99% was achieved at an iron‐rich AWAS to sewage ratio (v/v) of 16%, whereas dosage of iron‐poor AWAS at the same ratio decreased the soluble sulphide in the raw sewage by only 53%. Our lab‐scale tests suggest that dosing iron‐rich AWAS to sewage did not affect the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) removal as well as the nitrification efficiency in the receiving activated sludge system. The results indicate that iron‐rich AWAS dosage is a feasible technique to remediate the sulphide problem in sewers.     

投粉末炭MBR处理微污染原水研究

采用投加粉末活性炭的膜生物反应器处理微污染原水，结果表明，对CODMn、氨氮和浊度的平均去除率分别为59．4％、93．5％和99．6％，出水水质与常规处理——臭氧活性炭工艺的大体相当，并且不需投加混凝剂，同时还减少了投氯量。     

Variations of respiratory activity and glutathione in activated sludges exposed to low ozone doses

Ozonation is one of the most effective treatments for reducing the production of activated sludges in wastewater treatment plants. However, because microorganisms are present in the form of microcolonies, some bacteria may be exposed to sub-lethal ozone doses that could lead to adaptation and resistance to further exposition to oxidative treatment. This represents a major question as it may limit the effect of the treatment, especially when low ozone doses are applied. The critical ozone dosage, defined as the lowest specific transferred ozone concentration leading to a decrease in the maximum oxygen uptake rate was estimated to range between 0.9 and 13.6mg O(3)g(-1) COD(sludges), according to the sludges tested. The lowest ozone dosage leading to the decrease of GSH and GSHt concentrations could be estimated to be lower than 10mg O(3)g(-1) COD(sludges) for GSH, and close to 10mg O(3)g(-1) COD(sludges) for GSHt. After sludge exposure to low ozone doses, no higher amounts of glutathione were synthesized, suggesting that no development of resistance to ozonation occurred after sludge treatment with low ozone doses.     

异养硝化菌的分离及其强化活性污泥脱氮效果

为提高水处理过程中的脱氮率，实现好氧条件下对总氮的去除。通过试验分离出一株异养硝化菌，该菌株为白色革兰氏阴性球状菌。将该菌扩大培养后接种于活性污泥系统并进行了处理模拟废水的试验。结果表明：该菌能在好氧条件下分别代谢氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮、硝酸盐氮，并通过好氧反硝化实现对总氮的去除。用该菌株强化的活性污泥系统对以氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮、硝酸盐氮为惟一氮源的模拟废水进行处理，4h的总氮去除率分别为85％、60％、70％。     

悬浮填料型活性污泥生物脱氮工艺研究

对悬浮填料型活性污泥生物脱氮工艺进行了研究。试验期间进水有机物浓度波动较大,出水COD浓度基本在30mg/L左右,COD的总平均去除率达到86.98%,氨氮平均去除率达到72.25%,出水平均为8.15mg/L;总氮的平均去除率达到48.39%,出水浓度平均为17.63mg/L。因此利用该反应器对生活污水进行脱氮处理是可行的。