奥氏体化温度对La脱氧16Mn钢组织的影响

采用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜等分析技术观察了La脱氧钢组织及其夹杂物的变化,研究了不同奥氏体化温度对La处理16Mn钢组织的影响。结果表明,经La处理后钢中夹杂物由原来的MnS夹杂及Si-Mn-Al复合氧化物夹杂转变为LaAlO3、La2O2S及MnS的复合夹杂物。当La含量为0.013wt%时,钢中夹杂物分布的最为细小弥散,晶内铁素体形核效果较好,钢的组织最细小。当奥氏体化温度为1200℃并保温20 min时,钢中可形成大量晶内铁素体,有利于晶内铁素体形核的最佳奥氏体晶粒尺寸约为100μm。     

锰质量分数和压缩比对中碳钢相变组织的影响

采用光学显微镜和电子探针观察了中碳钢显微组织形貌,分析了不同锰质量分数和轧制压缩比对相变组织的影响。研究表明：试验钢显微组织为形态不同的铁素体+珠光体;增加Mn质量分数抑制晶界铁素体形核和长大,同时细化铁素体晶粒,促进退化珠光体的形成;提高轧制压缩比有利于原奥氏体晶内蜂窝状铁素体的形成,该铁素体均匀的分割原奥氏体晶粒,与晶界铁素体具有相同的方向性;MnS或其复合夹杂物是铁素体在原奥氏体晶粒内部形核的有效位置。     

新型微合金非调质钢的组织与性能

研制了一种新型微合金非调质钢。通过合理设计合金成分,改善熔炼脱氧过程,控制钢中氧化物的组成、分布、形状和尺寸,在研制钢中形成微细的氧化物夹杂作为晶内铁素体最有利的析出位置。晶内铁素体的析出细化了晶粒,提高了钢的强度与韧性。     

低碳钢中晶内形核铁素体三维形貌的唯象研究

采用光学显微镜和扫描电镜观察了低碳钢中晶内针状铁素体的二维金相组织形貌,运用计算机软件对铁素体的三维形貌进行了重构。试验发现钢中的MnS夹杂物对晶内铁素体形核有明显的促进作用,晶内有大量铁素体组织形成,晶内形核铁素体的三维形貌呈扁长片状,许多铁素体在空间中相互连接,并有相当数量的铁素体与夹杂物相连。由此推测铁素体的晶内形核有以下3种形核方式：在原有铁素体上激发生核;在夹杂物表面上直接生核;在已经存在的铁素体和夹杂物的交汇处形核。     

贝氏体相变的形核与长大——贝氏体相变新机制(一)

研究贝氏体形核长大具有重要理论价值。实验观察了贝氏体的形核,从块状贝氏体形成机理研究起,延伸到各种碳含量钢的贝氏体相变机制,指出在超低碳钢中是γ→BF相变,在其他钢中是贫碳区(γ)→BF相变,本质上相同,仅仅组织形貌不同。奥氏体中存在贫碳区,依靠涨落形成贫碳区,贝氏体铁素体在贫碳区中形核。形核地点优先选择奥氏体晶界,仅下贝氏体可在晶内形核。计算了临界晶核尺寸和形核功。贝氏体形核-长大是界面上原子非协同热激活跃迁过程。超低碳贝氏体可呈块状、条片状,增加碳含量时,则以亚单元方式形成贝氏体铁素体(BF),形貌从块状向条片状演化。     

Ti-B微合金化焊缝金属的韧化机制

针对 5 0 0～ 6 0 0MPa低合金高强度钢的韧化问题 ,研究了夹杂物对Ti-B微合金化焊缝金属针状铁素体形成的影响。钢中的非金属夹杂物 ,对促进晶内针状铁素体的形成 ,提高焊缝金属韧性有显著的作用。通过电镜分析 ,探讨了夹杂物的类型、成分对针状铁素体形成的作用。结果表明 ,Ti、Mn、Al、Si的复合氧化物夹杂可有效地促进针状铁素体形核 ,而MnO·SiO2 夹杂和MnS夹杂对针状铁素体形核作用不大。夹杂物对针状铁素体形核的主要用是 ,在夹杂物周围能形成一个塑性畸变区 ,这个由夹杂物与母相热膨胀系数差引起的塑性区 ,对针状铁素体的形成有一定作用     

氧化物冶金技术及其发展展望

氧化物冶金技术是利用钢中细小非金属夹杂物诱导晶内铁素体形核来细化晶粒的一种技术,利用该技术可以获得高强度、高韧性以及焊接性能良好匹配的高性能钢材。然而当前研究结果对晶内铁素体形核机理的解释并不统一,每种形核机理均存在无法解释的反例。文中介绍了氧化物冶金技术的中心思想,描述了晶内铁素体的显微组织特征,概括总结了能够作为钢中形核质点的夹杂物种类及性状,分析了晶内铁素体的晶体学特征,并指出了氧化物冶金技术亟待解决的问题。     

16Mn钢中Sb析出对晶内铁素体的影响

利用扫描电镜及能谱分析研究了16Mn钢中Sb的析出行为,利用光学显微镜观察钢的显微组织。结果表明:16Mn钢中Sb的析出位置主要有两种:一是沿原奥氏体晶界析出;二是在MnS夹杂物上富集析出。Sb在MnS夹杂物上的富集析出,能促进钢中晶内铁素体的形成。适当提高S含量,降低O含量,加入Ti变质钢中MnS夹杂等方式,能增加Sb在夹杂物上富集析出,促进了晶内铁素体,尤其是晶内针状铁素体形成,减少了Sb的晶界析出。     

大线能量焊接船体钢的研究

大线能量焊接时由于高温停留时间长、相变冷却速度慢,焊接热影响区奥氏体晶粒急剧长大,得到侧板条铁素体为主的组织,韧性恶化。降低钢中的C含量及碳当量(Ceq)、细化焊接热影响区奥氏体晶粒尺寸以及改善焊接热影响区的组织是发展大线能量焊接用钢的主要技术措施。"氧化物冶金"技术利用钢中细小的氧化物,通过促进晶内针状铁素体形核明显改善焊接热影响区的组织,成为大线能量焊接用钢最有效的技术途径。实验结果表明:Ti-Mg复合处理明显细化钢中氧化物颗粒尺寸,促进了晶内针状铁素体形核,在100～200kJ/cm的大线能量焊接条件下粗晶热影响区得到针状铁素体为主的组织,-20℃冲击功达到350J。     

氧化物冶金钢CGHAZ中有益夹杂物的作用

运用物理模拟技术研究了氧化物冶金钢焊接热影响粗晶区(CGHAZ)中有益夹杂物对显微组织的影响;用透射电镜观察了诱导针状铁素体形核的夹杂物,并用能谱仪分析了有益夹杂物的化学成分.结果表明,氧化物冶金钢CGHAZ的有益夹杂物为MnO,TiOx,SiO2和Al2O3的氧化物复合物,或氧化物与MnS,CuS或(Mn, Cu)S构成的氧硫复合物,有益夹杂物的直径为0.2～0.6 μm.焊接过程中,氧化物冶金钢CGHAZ的有益夹杂物诱导针状铁素体多维形核并促进感生形核,CGHAZ针状铁素体互相连锁交织,晶粒明显细小,氧化物冶金钢CGHAZ的显微组织具有自身细化的能力.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.