关于图的一个边重构性定理

证明了定理若图Ｇ存在一个次为δｐ＋ｋ的顶眯至少和ｋ＋１个小次顶点相邻，则Ｇ是边可重构的，并得到一个推论。     

无向图的一个距离不等式

将任一无向图Ｇ（Ｘ，Ｅ），顶点集Ｘ＝｛ｘ１，ｘ２，…，ｘｎ｝，任给三点ｘｉ，ｘｊ，ｘｋ，若两两之间有距离，则成立不等式ｄＧ（ｘｉ，ｘｊ）＋ｄｘ（ｘｉ，ｘｋ）＋ｄＧ（ｘｊ，ｘｋ）≤２ｎ－２。另外，还提出了一个有关的猜想。     

实二次整数环上不可分的正定二次格的构作

利用构作实二次代数整数环上的不可分正定二次格的方法,构作了实二次代数整数环Ｚ［（１＋√５）／２］及Ｚ［√６］上的任意秩ｎ及判别式ｄ（正整数）的不可分正定整二次格。在Ｚ［（１＋√５）／２］上,当ｎ〉２时有例外情况;ｄ＝１,ｎ＝３,５,在这些情况下无不可分正定整格;当ｎ＝２,ｄ为素数时,有例外情况ｄ＝１,２,在例外情况下无不可分正定整格;在Ｚ［√６］上有例外情况ｄ＝１,ｎ＝２,３,在例外情况下无不可分     

边数较少时度方和达到次大值的二部图

在给定顶点数和边数且边数较少的情况下，二部图度方和的次大值已经确定．通过讨论顶点数和边数之间的关系，确定了给定顶点数和边数且边数较少时度方和达到次大值所对应的二部图，对度方扣问题在二部图中的研究有一定的推动作用．     

边数很少时二部图度方和的次大值

研究了给定顶点和边数且边数很少时二部图度方和的次大值.在确定了给定顶点和边数且边数很少时度方和达到最大的所有二部图后,通过讨论顶点数和边数之间的关系得出度方和的次大值.对于度方和问题在二部图中的研究有一定的推动作用.     

益生素、寡聚糖在肉鸡生产中对抗生素替代能力的研究

选１日龄广东肉鸡品种佛山黄鸡４５０只,随机分成３组,即对照组（添加５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ的金霉素）,试验１组（添加０．２％）的益生素）,试验２组（添国中％的康素）,每组设３个重复,每重复５０只鸡,预试期７ｄ,正试期３０ｄ。结果表明：料肉比,试验１组比对照组提高２．３％（Ｐ≥０．０５）,试验３组比对照组下降２．３％（Ｐ〈０．０５）,试验２组式试验１组下降４．５％（Ｐ〈０．０１）;ＥＴＪＴＩＰＧＧＹＸ ,ＹＡ     

在玉米酒糟中提取食用油的生产实践

目前,国内外还没有用如下生产工艺在玉米干酒糟（ＤＤＧＳ）中提取玉米油的厂家。国内酒精厂普遍采用玉米全粒法生产酒精,以年产４万ｔ酒精厂为例,副产品（ＤＤＧＳ）２６０００ｔ,浸出规模为１００ｔ／ｄ,采用该工艺年提取毛油３０００ｔ,可获得较好的经济效益。１...     

赤霉素等药剂促成葡萄无核的效应

本试验用ＧＡ、ＧＡ＋ＳＭ（链霉素）和葡萄消籽灵对不同葡萄品种处理，使葡萄无核率大幅度提高，果实早熟，单粒重和穗重有所下降，座果率变化多不明显，对糖、酸含量无影响；ＧＡ１００×１Ｏ－６＋ＳＭ４００×１Ｏ－６和葡萄消籽灵３０倍液促进葡萄早熟无核效果较好，和田红、力扎马特和伊豆锦无核率在９０％以上，红瑞宝在７０％以上，提早５—６ｄ（天）成熟，达到无核葡萄商品生产要求；ＧＡ单用效果较差。     

灵芝的防癌、抗癌作用

用灵芝水提取液（ＡＥＧＬ）连续灌胃１０ｄ可以明显抑制移植树性Ｓ１８０实体瘤的生长。延长荷瘤鼠的平均存活时间。ＡＥＧＬ在０．１—５ｍｇ／ｍＬ剂量范围内对３—ＭＣＡ／ＴＰＡ诱导的ＢＡＬＢ／３Ｔ３细胞恶性转化有显著的抑制作用，最高抑制率达６２．１６％。     

拉制时最大允许延伸的确定

拉制时利用最大允许拉伸可减少拉拔道次,提高劳动生产率,降低能耗。最大可能延伸和最大允许延伸是有区别的,前者是指拉制时断面无拉断现象,仅在塑性变形的最佳温度、速度条件下进行拉制的延伸。后者是按有效的工艺获得给定的金属强度,确保无断裂拉制的伸长,最大允许伸长可由下式确定：σ拉＝σＴ［（１＋ｆＴｃｏｔα）ｌｎμ＋４ｔａｎα／３３］＋４ｆＴσＴ１ｌｋ／ｄ＋σ０（１）式中：ｆＴ———拉丝模接触摩擦力;α———拉丝模工作锥半角;μ———１道次拉伸系数;ｌｋ、ｄ———定径区长度和直径;σＴ、σ０———模中金属…     

图有[a,b]因子的度条件

不含有子图K1,n的图称为K1，n-free图；设G是一个具有顶点集V（G）的图；设n(≥3），a和b∈Z，使得b≥a≥1；若b是奇数，设b≥n-1。证明了每个连通的K1,n-free图G在b|V(G)|为偶数，它的最小度至少是a n-1,|V(G)|≥{（a b)(a b-1) 1}/b,以及max{dG(x),dG(y)}≥a|V(G)|/(a b)对V的任意两个不邻接的点x和y都成立时，G有一个[a,b]因子。     

连通图链覆盖的次和σ2(G)的条件

讨论了满足σ２（Ｇ）≥ｎ－２的连通图的链覆盖问题．证明了当连通图Ｇ满足σ２（Ｇ）≥ｎ－２时,对任意的奇数ｋ（１≤ｋ≤ｎ－１）,存在阶为ｋ和（ｎ－ｋ）的两条链覆盖Ｇ,特别当图Ｇ的阶数为奇数时存在Ｈａｍｉｌｔｏｎ链,并在此条件下得出链覆盖数为π（Ｇ）＝２时的极限图类．     

Carboxymethyl derivatives of flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) gum: characterisation and solution rheology

Carboxymethyl ether moieties were introduced to flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) gum (FG) by reacting gum with monochloroacetic acid (MCA). Effects of ether forming reaction conditions, temperature, NaOH concentration and molar ratio of FG (anhydroxylose equivalent) to MCA, on the degree of substitution (DS) were investigated. Treatment at 70 °C, with 7.0 m NaOH, and molar ratio of MCA to FG of 10:1 over 3 h produced a polysaccharide with a DS of 0.824 ± 0.012. Both surface morphology and thermal behaviour were modified. Solutions of FG (0.5–4.0%, w/v) exhibited shear‐thinning behaviour where viscosity decreased with decreased FG concentration. After carboxymethylation, modified polymer solutions also exhibited shear‐thinning behaviour, where dynamic viscosity was lower than that of native FG solutions at the same concentration. The dynamic viscosities were lower for solutions of modified FG with higher DS and also lower for solutions made at lower FG concentrations (0.5–4.0%, w/v). A more liquid‐like behaviour with increasing FG DS was indicated as storage modulus G′ and loss modulus G″ decreased and became more frequency dependent. The substitution of hydroxyl groups with carboxymethyl groups suppressed entanglement between FG polysaccharide chains by reducing intermolecular association.     

两类联图的Q（L）谱及有限的Q（L）整图类

摘要G是一个简单图,矩阵Q（G）=D（G）＋A（G）表示图G的无符号拉普拉斯矩阵,其中D（G）和A（G）分别为对角元素为图G顶点度的对角阵和图G的邻接矩阵,矩阵L（G）=D（G）-D（G）记为图G的拉普拉斯矩阵．若一个图的拉普拉斯矩阵的特征值全为整的,则称此图为L整图,Q整图类似定义．本文针对两类联图G1VG2和G1VG2,分别得到了它们的Q谱和L谱,进一步得到了Q整谱图和L整谱图的一些无限类．     

两类半群的整体决定性

证明两类半群G0和G’都是整体决定的．设G是群,P是G的单位元．记GO—GU{0}为由G添加一个零元0所得的半群,即G0是0一群．记G’=GU（1）为由G另外添加了一个幺元1所得的半群,注意1≠e,且1是半群G’的幺元．设Go为由所有G0所构成的半群类和G1为由所有G’所构成的半群类．     

西藏灵菇中分离两株干酪乳杆菌及其益生特性比较研究

从西藏灵菇中筛选出28株革兰氏染色阳性菌,通过生理生化特征和16S rDNA序列同源性分析分离筛选出2株干酪乳杆菌（Lactobacillus casei）G1、G2,对其进行益生特性比较研究。结果表明,菌株G1、G2均具有较快的产酸能力;均可以在较大温度范围中生长,最适温度为40 ℃左右;具有较强的耐酸性;菌株G2耐胆盐能力明显高于菌株G1;菌株G1、G2对金黄色葡萄球菌（Staphylococcus aureus）、大肠杆菌（Escherichia coli）和沙门氏菌（Salmonella）均具有抑制作用,对大肠杆菌的抑制效果较为明显;菌株G1、G2对抗生素敏感性存在差异,对庆大霉素、诺氟沙星和氯霉素均产生耐药性,呈现多重耐药性。     

Sweetness reception in man: the multipoint attachment theory

The multipoint attachment (MPA) theory assumes the presence, in the human sweetness receptor (probably a seven-pass transmembrane receptor), of at least eight fundamental recognition sites, namely, the B-, AH-, XH-, G1-, G2-, G3-, G4- and D-recognition sites. The B-recognition site is assumed to be a Lys residue; the AH- and XH-recognition sites, Asp (or Glu) residues; the G1-, G2-, G3- and G4-recognition sites, Thr residues; and the D-recognition site, a Ser (or Thr) residue. These eight recognition sites are able to interact with eight sweetener interaction sites, namely, the B, AH, XH, G1, G2, G3, G4 and D interaction sites. The number of interaction sites in a given sweetener may be equal to or lower than eight. Apart from D, the interaction sites are made up of two elementary interaction sites (interaction points or subsites). These interaction points (namely, the B1, B2, AH1, AH2, XH1, XH2, G1, E1, G2, E2, G3, E3, G4, E4 and D points) operate with the receptor through three types of elementary interactions, namely, ionic, H-bonding and steric interactions. B (B1, B2) is an anionic group (CO₂⁻) or an H-bond acceptor atom (Cl, Br, O); AH1, AH2, XH1, XH2 are H-bond donor groups (NH⁺, NH, OH); E1, E2, E3, E4 are H-bond acceptor atoms (N, O, Cl, Br); G1, G2, G3, G4 are steric interaction subsites (CH₃, CH₂, CH, halogens); and D is an H-bond acceptor group (CN). Several examples are given to illustrate the theory. For example, according to the MPA theory, D-glucose is a B1, B2, AH1, AH2, XH1, XH2-type sweetener, D-fructose an E1, E2, E3, E4-type sweetener, and sucrose a B1, B2, AH1, AH2, XH1, XH2, G1, E1, G2, E2, G3, E3, G4, E4-type sweetener.     

Purification and characterisation of seed globulins from black gram (Phaseolus mungo)

The salt-soluble proteins and crude globulins of black gram (Phaseolus mungo, Rox b), using crossed immunoelectrophoresis for identification, were separated into 28–29 and seven to eight individual components, respectively. Three major globulins (G1, G2 and G3), of which G1 was identified as a glycoprotein, were purified by anionexchange chromatography followed by gel filtration. Fused rocket immunoelectrophoresis was used for the localisation of these proteins in the different fractions. In crossed immunoelectrophoresis, purified G1 and G2 globulins each showed a single peak, while G3 globulin still contained four to five distinct peaks. Sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed three subunits for G1 globulin (molecular weight 64 500, 55 000 and 50 000), three distinct subunits for G2 globulin (mol. wt. 67 000, 60 000 and 16 000), and six distinct subunits for G3 globulin (mol. wt 50 000, 42 000, 28 000, 26 000, 21 000 and 10 000). Isoelectric focusing in 6m urea showed three acidic subunits for G1 globulin. G2 subunits were separated into three acidic and two basic subunits. G3 globulin contained about ten acidic subunits. Immunochemical examination of pure G1 globulin indicated microheterogeneity similar to that found for vicilin extracted from other legume seeds. Based on molecular weights, subunit structure and amino acid composition, the G1 globulin of black gram was found to correspond with vicilin (glycoprotein II), and G2 globulin to legumin of other legume seed proteins. G1 and G3 globulins were found to be major storage proteins in black gram.     

Genetic parameters of bovine serum immunoglobulins

Radial immunodiffusion techniques were used to determine serum concentrations of immunoglobulins G1, G2, M, and A in 1,293 daughters of 282 Holstein-Friesian sires from 31 herds in southwestern Ontario, Canada. Mean serum immunoglobulin concentrations (mg/100 ml) were 2,163, 2,409, 531, and 107 for immunoglobulins G1, G2, M, and A, respectively. Herd effects were significant for all four immunoglobulin isotypes. Age of cow effects were significant for immunoglobulins G1 and G2 only. Both immunoglobulins G1 and G2 increased with age, but the rate of increase of G2 was twice that of G1. Stage of lactation had a significant effect on G2 and M. Immunoglobulin G2 was highest in the first 200 d post-calving and immunoglobulin M was highest late in lactation and during the dry period. Paternal half-sib heritabilities for immunoglobulins G1, G2, M, and A were .10, .10, .09, and .14, respectively. Genetic correlations among the four immunoglobulin isotypes ranged from .49 to 1.02. Genetic correlations between immunoglobulin G2 and 305-d milk and fat yields were .36 and .13 and between immunoglobulin A and 305-d milk and fat yields were .37 and .63. Genetic correlations between immunoglobulin M and milk and fat production were negative (-.83 and -.34). Phenotypic correlations between immunoglobulin isotypes were low except for the correlation between immunoglobulins G1 and G2, which was .36.     

Age and previous lactations as factors in the amount of bovine colostral immunoglobulins

Blood and colostrum samples were obtained from 87 dairy cows in five lactation groups and analyzed for immunoglobulins G1, G2, M, and A. The five groups ranged from cows in first lactation, about 30 mo of age, to cows in fifth or more lactation, about 84 mo of age. Compared to older groups, blood serum of cows in first lactation contained less G1. Cows in first lactation also produced less total colostrum containing less total G1, G2, and M. Immunoglobulin G1 comprised over two-thirds of the immunoglobulins in the colostrum of all groups. Older cows had more immunoglobulin G1 in their colostrum with a tendency toward a higher ratio of G1 to G2. Amount of immunoglobulin A was constant through all lactations. After a rise in the second lactation, total amount of immunoglobulins G2 and M tended to level off. Total immunoglobulin G1 tended to reach a maximum in the third or fourth lactation, almost doubling in amount compared to the first lactation. Age and number of lactations are factors correlated with amounts of these immunoglobulins in colostrum.