含Laves相TiCr2钛铬合金的高温氧化特性

研究了含铬18%～35%(质量分数)及Laves相TiCr2钛铬合金在650,700和780℃温度下的抗氧化性能.试验结果表明,含铬量对过共析钛铬合金的抗氧化性能有显著影响.在相同条件下,含铬量低于21%的合金的抗氧化性能不如纯钛,而含铬量达到26%以上时,抗氧化性能比纯钛高2～3倍.含TiCr2钛铬合金在高温下既发生了外氧化又发生了内氧化.外氧化层没有抗氧化保护作用.铬合金化提高含TiCr2钛铬合金的抗氧化性能主要是由于形成了连续、致密的含铬内氧化层.钛铬合金的高温抗氧化性能对氧化温度敏感,氧化温度提高,则抗氧化性能明显降低.     

GH648合金高温抗氧化性能的研究

GH648是一种时效硬化型镍基高温合金,主要用作航空发动机的启动机900℃以下的抗氧化承力件.在高温下,该合金不仅要有较高的强度,而且还要有较好的抗氧化性能.为此,本文探讨了GH648合金高温氧化机理并简单分析了C元素对合金抗氧化性能的影响.结果表明,GH648合金在空气中氧化时,其氧化膜主要为Cr2O3,该合金的氧化是以Cr在Cr2O3中的扩散为控制因素的;合金在低于900℃的空气中氧化时属于完全抗氧化级.随C含量的升高,合金的抗氧化性能降低.     

Si对MCrAlY合金抗氧化性能的影响

本文制备了三种不同Si含量的Co Cr Al Y合金粉末,研究其抗氧化性能,用SEM、EDS、XRD等检测手段对合金粉末氧化前后的成分、物相、形貌进行研究,得出Si能提高合金粉末在1000℃和1050℃的抗氧化性能,且含2%Si合金粉末抗氧化性能更好的结论。     

Ta含量对NiCoCrAlY涂层性能的影响

采用真空雾化的方法制备了Ta含量为0、2%及5%的NiCoCrAlYTa合金粉末,利用超音速火焰喷涂制备了三种涂层,研究了Ta对合金粉末微观组织及物相的影响,绘制了1050℃条件下涂层的高温氧化动力学曲线,研究了500h氧化试验后涂层组织和β相的分布,初步探讨了Ta元素对改善涂层抗氧化性能的作用机理。研究结果表明:Ta通过提高MCrAlY体系抗氧化元素的溶质浓度,促进了氧化膜的形成,随着Ta含量的增加,涂层的内氧化程度降低,涂层抗氧化性能提高。但含Ta涂层在长时间氧化条件下会生成CrTaO_4、AlTaO_4等尖晶石类氧化物,且Ta的氧化物PBR值较大,对涂层的抗热震性能不利。     

铝对HP40合金高温抗氧化性能的影响

 采用增重法研究了w(Al)=5%~10%的HP40合金在1 200 ℃×30 h空气中的抗氧化性能。结果表明,铝可显著提高合金的高温抗氧化性能,而且合金的高温抗氧化性能随铝含量增加而提高。1 200 ℃时,合金氧化增重与氧化时间的关系呈抛物线规律,氧化速率随氧化时间延长而逐渐下降。加入铝,改变了合金氧化膜层的物相组成和致密度,含铝合金的氧化层中含有Al2O3,而且Al2O3量随铝加入量增加而增多。     

稀土和铬对铁基自熔合金喷涂层抗氧化性能的影响

本研究着眼于用稀土对价格低廉的铁基自熔合金粉末进行改性,以提高其抗高温氧化性能。结果表明,稀土的添加大大提高了合金涂层的高温抗氧化性能,具有较大的应用前景。同时分析了稀土提高抗氧化性的机理,认为稀土的添加改变了合金氧化过程的扩散动力学,从而改变氧化膜的形貌与粘附性,提高抗氧化能力。单纯增加铁基合金中铬的含量对合金的抗氧化性影响不明显。     

铁硅钇合金的高温氧化行为

通过光学显微镜、X射线衍射、扫描电镜和热重分析等研究了添加钇对Fe-Si合金在900℃和1000℃、0.1 MPa纯氧气中高温氧化行为的影响。结果表明,随着元素钇含量的增加,Fe-3Si-0.5Y和Fe-3Si-5.0Y合金的晶粒尺寸较Fe-3Si-0Y合金降低约80%和94%,同时,根据X射线分析结果,合金表面氧化膜的晶粒尺寸随着合金晶粒尺寸的降低明显减小。晶粒细化使合金及其氧化膜中的晶界数量增加,并进一步地促进了合金元素和氧在其中的扩散以及SiO2和Y2O3的形成。然而,含钇合金在900℃和1000℃氧化时均未生成单一连续的SiO2或Y2O3氧化层,但晶粒细化后硅和钇氧化物的快速形成及部分地横向连接对元素的扩散仍起到了比较有效的抑制作用,含钇合金的氧化抗力因此得到了提高。讨论了添加元素钇导致的合金晶粒细化对Fe-Si合金氧化行为的影响机制。     

硅对铁基双相高温合金组织和性能的影响

为了利用常规工业原料制备低成本的超高温铁基结构合金,研究了硅对铁基(Fe-Cr-Ni-Al)双相高温合金组织和性能的影响.硅在合金中的固溶促进了碳化物的析出,过量的硅会导致合金中碳化物明显粗化,进而析出网状G相.随着硅含量的增加,合金1 250℃的抗拉强度明显提高.但是硅含量超过1.0%时,强度则明显降低.硅含量的增加有效地提高了合金在1 250℃大气环境中的抗氧化性能.综合考虑Fe-Cr-Ni-Al双相高温合金的强度和高温抗氧化性能,适宜的硅含量为1.5%.     

Ni-Cr-Al-Fe基铸态合金的高温氧化行为

采用熔铸法制备不同Al含量的Ni-Cr-Al-Fe基合金,研究Al含量和预氧化处理对合金在600℃大气中抗氧化性能的影响,并利用FE-SEM(EDS)、XRD对不同状态合金氧化膜的形貌及成分进行对比分析.结果表明:Ni-Cr-Al-Fe基合金在600℃时的氧化动力学曲线较好地遵循抛物线规律,铝含量的增加以及预氧化处理均...     

Cu元素对Ti-16.28Si合金在900℃下氧化机制的影响

采用高能球磨-冷压-真空烧结工艺制备了Ti-16.28Si、Ti-15.46Si-5Cu和Ti-14.65Si-10Cu 3种合金,并在900℃下空气气氛中对其进行高温氧化实验。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线能谱仪(EDS)以及X射线衍射仪(XRD)对烧结和氧化后合金样品的形貌、微区成分及物相组成进行分析,研究Cu元素对Ti-16.28Si合金在900℃下氧化机制的影响。结果表明:烧结后3种样品中主要含有Ti、Ti5Si3、Ti5Si4相,含Cu元素的样品中则出现了Cu3Si相且致密度随Cu含量升高而升高。900℃下氧化80 h后,合金样品表面的主要物相为Ti O2,同时含有少量的Si O2、Ti3O5、Cu O或Cu2O等相。3种合金中,Ti-16.28Si合金的氧化膜表层基本上都是Ti O2,抗氧化性能最好;其余2种合金的抗氧化性能稍低,Cu元素的加入降低了合金在900℃下的抗氧化性能。     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of rates of infection of two methods of emergency ventricular drainage

The rates of infection of two methods of external ventricular drainage in use at Atkinson Morley's Hospital--namely, (a) percutaneous drainage with Rickham reservoirs and (b) tunnelled ventriculostomies--were compared in this retrospective review. Percutaneous drainage of CSF with Rickham reservoirs was associated with a 27% rate of infection as identified by positive microbiological cultures; tunnelled ventriculostomy catheters had a 10% infection rate. The difference in the infection rate between the two methods was statistically significant (P < 0.015). Other variables examined, including the age and sex of the patients and the reasons for ventricular drainage, were not associated with an increased rate of infection. Most infections from either method were caused by a coagulase negative staphylococcus. The average duration of ventricular drainage before identification of positive cultures was 5.7 days for Rickham reservoirs and 6.0 days for ventriculostomies.     

浅析《野草》的版画特征

鲁迅先生一生热爱美术作品,对版画中木刻兴趣尤甚.<野草>作为其"写心之作",亦呈现出一些与木刻版画一致的审美特征:一是具有木刻版画的色彩特征,多对比、多冷色,有阴郁的美感;二是具有木刻版画的力度特征,环境描写、人物刻画处处刀锋毕现,遒劲有力,有一种"力之美".     

四辊破碎机车刀架的改造

针对四辊破碎机车刀架车削中存在的几个问题,详细介绍了电动车刀架的结构和工作原理,建立主要设计参数的数学表达式,并进行适当的分析。改造后,这种电动车刀架运行平稳、可靠、方便、省力,取得了预期的效果。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Comparison of the results of surgical and conservative treatment of fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia

In this paper is treated the fundamental problematic of the fracture of the diaphysis of the tibia and the therapeutic results after the conservative and operative treatment are confronted. Among 518 patients with 433 open fractures and 35 with closed fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia, successful treatment of more 2/3 was obtained in the period from 1968 to 1972. Following our casuistics and literature, whose results are similar, we find out that the average total treatment of the osteosynthesis of the fracture of the diaphysis was shortened for 2,5 months depending upon the type and the localisation of the fracture. Apolied methods of the operative and conservative and conservative treatment in relation to the velocity of the medical cure as well as to the extreme anatomical-functional results are analised. We noticed that osteosynthesis, made by the intermedullary nail and the extension of the canals or by a small AO table, by the achieved stability makes conditions of immediate motions and an early rehabilitation. Because of that it gives the best functional results.