Pd-Cu/凹凸棒石黏土催化剂催化CO氧化性能

以凹凸棒石黏土(APT)作载体,采用浸渍法制备双金属催化剂Pd-Cu/APT、单金属催化剂Pd/APT和Cu/APT,在连续流动微反装置上考察催化剂的CO催化氧化活性,采用N_2物理吸附/脱附、X射线粉末衍射和程序升温还原/脱附等手段对催化剂进行表征。结果表明,Pd-Cu/APT催化剂中Cu主要以CuCl形式存在,Pd高度分散与Cu之间产生了明显的相互作用,使Cu物种的还原温度大幅降低;经水蒸汽预处理增强了Pd-Cu/APT催化剂表面酸性,促进了催化活性的提高。在CO体积分数为0.5%、水蒸汽体积分数3.3%、空速6 000h^(-1)和常温反应条件下,CO转化率可达90%以上。     

助剂对Pd/AC催化剂催化三氟氯乙烯加氢脱氯的影响

采用等体积浸渍法制备了Cu-Pd/AC和K-Pd/AC催化剂,分别考察了Cu和K助剂添加量对三氟氯乙烯加氢脱氯生成三氟乙烯的反应性能的影响,并采用N_2-物理吸附、X射线粉末衍射(XRD)测试、透射电镜(TEM)和H_2-程序升温还原(TPR)等对催化剂进行表征。结果表明:加入助剂Cu,其与Pd形成Pd-Cu合金,抑制催化剂的加氢性能,从而降低催化剂反应活性;加入助剂K,其改变了Pd的电子结构,增强了Pd的电子云密度,使Pd活化H的能力增强,从而提高催化剂的活性。助剂K质量分数为3%的催化剂,在250℃下,具有较好的催化活性,三氟氯乙烯的转化率可达90%左右,三氟乙烯的选择性可达85%左右。     

铈对铜硅催化剂催化草酸二甲酯加氢反应性能的影响

采用沉淀凝胶法制备了一系列不同Ce含量的Ce-Cu-SiO2催化剂,利用N2物理吸附(BET)、X射线衍射(XRD)、N2O吸附、氢气程序升温还原(H2-TPR)和氢气程序升温脱附(H2-TPD)等方法对催化剂进行表征,并在连续流动固定床反应器中考察了催化剂催化草酸二甲酯加氢制取乙二醇的反应性能。实验结果表明,引入适量的Ce能够改善Cu-SiO2催化剂的还原性能,增加Cu0表面积,减小Cu晶粒尺寸,增加催化剂的氢吸附能力。添加适量的Ce可提高催化剂对草酸二甲酯加氢制取乙二醇的选择性和稳定性。在195℃、3 MPa和质量空速(WHSV)0.07 h-1反应条件下,0.06Ce-Cu-SiO2催化剂上草酸二甲酯转化率可达99.4%,乙二醇选择性可达99.1%,且具有良好的稳定性。     

钕改性铁基催化剂用于氮氧化物脱除

采用分步浸渍法，分两步将金属铁和钕依次引入商业化成品二氧化钛表面，研究其脱硝性能。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、氮气吸附-脱附(N₂-BET)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、氨程序升温脱附(NH₃-TPD)、氢气程序升温还原(H₂-TPR)等方法对样品进行表征分析。通过氮气吸附-脱附发现，钕的引入使得负载铁后的催化剂比表面积减小。X射线衍射分析结果表明，引入的金属物种在催化剂表面具有良好的分散性。氨程序升温脱附测试结果显示，钕的引入增加了催化剂的总酸量，同时改变了催化剂的酸性分布。X射线光电子能谱测试结果表明，钕改性增加了催化剂表面吸附氧和铁(Ⅱ)的含量，有利于脱硝反应的进行。氢气程序升温还原测试结果表明，钕的引入使得催化剂氧化还原性能略有下降。活性测试结果表明，适量钕负载有利于提升催化剂的脱硝性能，钕元素在催化剂中的质量分数为9%时催化剂表现最优，最佳脱硝效率为81.4%。     

ZSM-5分子筛负载金属氧化物催化剂催化燃烧含丙烯腈废气的性能

采用等体积浸渍法将过渡金属Cu负载到ZSM-5分子筛上,并与其他金属(Fe、Co、Ag、Pd、Ce)共浸渍得到负载型催化剂,将其用于全组分丙烯腈废气的催化脱除过程。催化活性评价结果表明,丙烯腈在Cu/ZSM-5催化剂上320℃可以实现完全转化;掺杂质量分数2%Ce后,丙烯腈的完全转化温度降低到300℃,高选择生成N2的温度窗口也变宽,催化剂稳定性高。通过X射线衍射、氮气吸附-脱附、氢气-程序升温还原、氨气-程序升温脱附和X射线光电子能谱等对催化剂的物化性能进行表征,结果表明,催化剂催化氧化丙烯腈尾气的性能依赖于Cu^2+的还原能力、催化剂表面弱酸与中强酸含量以及表面Cu^2+丰度。     

Pd-Cu-Ti-PILC上丙烯选择催化还原NO的活性研究

采用浸渍法制备Cu-Ti-PILC和Pd/Cu-Ti-PILC催化剂,结合X射线衍射谱(XRD)、程序升温还原(TPR)、NO程序升温脱附(NO-TPD)、丙烯选择催化还原NO(C3H6-SCR)研究Pd组分对Cu-Ti-PILC催化剂结构和催化还原NO能力的影响。XRD结果表明,Pd物种破坏了蒙脱土的层间排列但未改变Ti-PILC的层间距;TPR结果表明,Pd改变Cu-Ti-PILC催化剂表面上铜物种的还原性能;NO-TPD结果表明,Pd组分提高催化剂化学吸附NO;C3H6-SCR结果显示Pd物种能够提高Cu-Ti-PILC催化效果。     

Pd-Cu-Ti-PILC上丙烯选择催化还原NO的活性研究

采用浸渍法制备Cu-Ti-PILC和Pd/Cu-Ti-PILC催化剂,结合X射线衍射谱(XRD)、程序升温还原(TPR)、NO程序升温脱附(NO-TPD)、丙烯选择催化还原NO(C3H6-SCR)研究Pd组分对Cu-Ti-PILC催化剂结构和催化还原NO能力的影响。XRD结果表明,Pd物种破坏了蒙脱土的层间排列但未改变Ti-PILC的层间距;TPR结果表明,Pd改变Cu-Ti-PILC催化剂表面上铜物种的还原性能;NO-TPD结果表明,Pd组分提高催化剂化学吸附NO;C3H6-SCR结果显示Pd物种能够提高Cu-Ti-PILC催化效果。     

氯对Pt-Sn-K/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂及其性能的影响

制备了不同氯含量的Pt-Sn-K/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂,利用X射线荧光光谱仪(XRF)、低温氮吸附-脱附法、氨-程序升温脱附法(NH_3-TPD)、氢气程序升温还原法(H_2-TPR)、热重(TG)分析等手段考察了氯含量对Pt-Sn-K/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂物性、表面酸性、铂分散度等的影响。通过异丁烷脱氢反应,考察氯对催化剂脱氢性能及积炭的影响。结果表明:适宜的催化剂表面酸性能够提高催化剂的性能,当氯质量分数为0.9%时,催化剂表现出较高的活性和选择性。     

Co改性Mn/Cu/MgO催化剂对合成气制混合醇的影响

采用共沉淀法制备了Co改性的Mn/Cu/Mg氧化物催化剂,通过低温N2吸附-脱附、X射线衍射(XRD)、CO程序升温脱附(CO-TPD)、程序升温还原(H_2-TPR)和X射线光电子能谱分析(XPS)等手段对催化剂进行表征,并研究了其CO加氢制混合醇的催化性能。结果表明:Co的加入促进了Co_2Mg和MnCo_2O_4相的形成,有利于Cu,Mn及Mg物种的分散;当Co和Cu的物质的量之比增加至0.3时,总醇中C_(2+)OH与C_1OH选择性之比由0.31增至3.12,C_(2+)OH时空收率由9.07 g/(kg·h)增至28.83 g/(kg·h);适量Co助剂的添加可有效提高催化剂的插碳能力,从而提高了C_(2+)OH在总醇中的选择性,催化剂稳定性能良好。     

La、EDTA改性对Ni-W/TiO_2-Al_2O_3催化剂结构及加氢脱硫性能的影响

采用等体积浸渍法制备了以TiO_2-Al_2O_3为载体,Ni、W为活性金属组分的加氢脱硫催化剂,考察了稀土金属镧(La)、乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)改性以及La-EDTA组合改性对催化剂结构和加氢脱硫性能的影响。通过X射线衍射、N2吸附-脱附、H2-程序升温还原和扫描电子显微镜对催化剂进行表征分析。结果表明,La和EDTA均可改善活性组分与载体间的相互作用,增加了Ni-W-S活性相的数量,有利于金属组分的还原;同时能够丰富催化剂孔道,抑制催化剂表面金属离子聚集,得到更好的孔结构、更高的活性相分散度。La或EDTA以及两者同时改性后的催化剂噻吩硫脱除率均明显高于未改性催化剂,其中Ni-W-La-E催化剂上噻吩转化率为99.7%。     

微乳法制备Pd-Cu双金属催化剂

选择Cu为助剂,采用微乳法分别优选具有较好稳定性的Cu和Pd微乳液体系,并将Cu和Pd依次负载于Al_2O_3载体上,经干燥、活化和还原制备了Pd-Cu/Al_2O_3催化剂。采用原位IR、CO化学吸附和HRTEM等对催化剂进行表征,结果表明,与常规溶液负载法制备的Pd-Ag/Al_2O_3催化剂相比,采用微乳法降低了催化剂表面酸性,提高了活性组分Pd分散度,Pd粒径分布更为均匀。在750 mL加氢反应器中,采用C_2后加氢原料对催化剂性能进行评价,结果表明,与常规溶液负载法相比,微乳法制备的催化剂在反应温度低4℃条件下,乙炔转化率相当,选择性高9.9个百分点,绿油生成量较低。微乳法制备Pd-Cu双金属催化剂具有良好的工业应用前景。     

Nano-structured CeO2 supported Cu-Pd bimetallic catalysts for the oxygen-assisted water–gas-shift reaction

The present work focuses on the development of novel Cu-Pd bimetallic catalysts supported on nano-sized high-surface-area CeO₂ for the oxygen-assisted water–gas-shift (OWGS) reaction. High-surface-area CeO₂ was synthesized by urea gelation (UG) and template-assisted (TA) methods. The UG method offered CeO₂ with a BET surface area of about 215 m²/g, significantly higher than that of commercially available CeO₂. Cu and Pd were supported on CeO₂ synthesized by the UG and TA methods and their catalytic performance in the OWGS reaction was investigated systematically. Catalysts with about 30 wt% Cu and 1 wt% Pd were found to exhibit a maximum CO conversion close to 100%. The effect of metal loading method and the influence of CeO₂ support on the catalytic performance were also investigated. The results indicated that Cu and Pd loaded by incipient wetness impregnation (IWI) exhibited better performance than that prepared by deposition–precipitation (DP) method. The difference in the catalytic activity was related to the lower Cu surface concentration, better Cu–Ce and Pd–Ce interactions and improved reducibility of Cu and Pd in the IWI catalyst as determined by the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and temperature-programmed reduction (TPR) studies. A direct relation between BET surface area of the CeO₂ support and CO conversion was also observed. The Cu-Pd bimetallic catalysts supported on high-surface-area CeO₂ synthesized by UG method exhibited at least two-fold higher CO conversion than the commercial CeO₂ or that obtained by TA method. The catalyst retains about 100% CO conversion even under extremely high H₂ concentration.     

等离子体与Cu-Pd/S-1催化剂协同催化甲烷转化制低碳烯烃

采用等体积浸渍法制备了Pd、Cu-Pd改性的S-1催化剂,利用介质阻挡放电（DBD）等离子体反应器研究了甲烷无氧转化制低碳烯烃（C₂~C₄⁼）的性能,重点关注了乙烯的产量。探讨了Ar的添加和特定输入能量（SIE）对甲烷转化率以及产物分布的影响。实验结果表明,等离子体与催化剂协同催化与仅使用等离子体相比性能更优异,使乙烯选择性提高了3.1倍,C₂~C₄⁼的选择性提高了2.7倍;与S-1相比,Pd/S-1具有更高的乙烯选择性,这是因为在S-1上负载金属Pd有助于乙炔原位加氢生成乙烯;适宜的Pd负载量有利于提高烯烃选择性,而过高的Pd负载量倾向于不饱和烃的连续加氢,导致了烷烃的生成;与单金属Pd改性相比,Cu-Pd双金属改性抑制了乙烯的进一步加氢,提高了乙烯的选择性。通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、高倍透射电子显微镜（HRTEM）、X射线粉末衍射（XRD）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）对催化剂进行了表征分析。结果表明,Cu的加入使自身电子向Pd转移,增加了Pd电子密度;另外,Cu的存在提高了Pd的分散性。以2Cu-0.1Pd/S-1为催化剂时可以得到更优异的反应性能。     

Pd-Cu/γ-Al_2O_3双金属催化剂脱除水中硝酸盐

采用分步浸渍法和共浸渍法制备系列Pd负载质量分数为1%的Pd-Cu/γ-Al2O3双金属催化剂,以氢气为还原剂研究其对水中硝酸盐催化脱除的性能。结果表明,催化剂中Cu与Pd物质的量比以及Cu、Pd的浸渍顺序对催化剂性能有重要影响,硝酸根转化率随着Cu与Pd物质的量比的增大而增大;硝酸根转化活性以Cu与Pd物质的量比为5∶1、先浸渍Pd再浸渍Cu所得催化剂较优;从氨氮选择性方面看,以先浸渍Cu后浸渍Pd制备的催化剂选择性较低,在Cu与Pd物质的量比为1∶1、先浸渍Cu再浸渍Pd所得催化剂较优。     

CuO含量对Pd/Al2O3催化剂乙醇氧化性能的影响

采用浸渍法制备了一系列具有不同CuO含量的Pd-CuO/Al₂O₃催化剂，并将其用于乙醇氧化反应，其结构与性质通过XRD、H₂-TPR和NH₃-TPD等手段进行分析。结果发现，催化剂的活性并不是随着CuO含量的增加而增强，Pd-1.0%CuO/Al₂O₃催化剂表现出最佳的活性，其点火温度和完全转化温度比Pd/Al₂O₃催化剂至少降低了50℃。与Pd/Al₂O₃催化剂相比，含CuO催化剂增强的衍射峰强度以及氢化钯分解峰的消失，说明Pd-Cu合金结构的形成有利于Pd、Cu物种之间的协同作用。对于Pd-1.0%CuO/Al₂O₃催化剂来说，还原峰向低温的移动以及还原峰面积的增大说明该催化剂上氧化性物质更易被还原且数量在增加，这对于氧化反应是十分有利的，新出现的还原峰表示Pd、Cu的相互作用生成了新物种。NH₃-TPD结果中更高含量的低温酸有利于高活性，而且新出现的脱附峰说明形成了新的酸性位点。     

Superior catalytic behaviour of Pt-doped Pd catalysts in the complete oxidation of methane at low temperature

The catalytic combustion of methane at low temperature under lean conditions was investigated over bimetallic palladium-platinum catalysts supported on alumina. Pd-Pt catalysts with constant 2 wt.% metal loading and varying compositions in Pt and Pd were prepared by successive impregnations of the metal salts. The catalysts were characterised by powder X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy/electron dispersion X-ray spectroscopy (TEM/EDX), volumetry of H₂ chemisorption, FTIR study of CO adsorption and temperature-programmed oxidation (TPO). In the absence of water added to the feed, the methane conversion over Pd-rich bimetallic catalysts (Pt/Pt + Pd molar ratios less than 0.3) was found to be the same as that of the reference Pd/Al₂O₃ catalyst. Interestingly, under wet conditions, these bimetallic catalysts exhibited an improved performance with respect to Pd/Al₂O₃. This effect was found to be maintained upon mild steam ageing. An interaction between both metals was suggested to explain the enhanced activity of bimetallic catalysts. This was confirmed by TPO experiments indicating that formation and decomposition of PdO is affected upon Pt addition even for very low amounts of Pt. The adsorption of CO on reduced catalysts studied by FTIR revealed new types of adsorbed CO species, suggesting again an interaction between two metals.     

Abatement of CO from relatively simple and complex mixtures: II. Oxidation on Pd-Cu/C catalysts

A low-temperature abatement of carbon monoxide from mixtures as complicated as smoke was considered. Catalytic oxidation and chemisorption of CO on activated carbon-supported Pd and Cu catalysts were investigated. Heterogenized Wacker-type catalysts and the product of catalyst degradation, a dispersed Pd-Cu catalyst, were prepared and found to be promising for the smoke applications. Deactivation of the catalyst was found to be caused by the catalyst dehydration process, which appeared to be reversible. A heat treatment in a CO+O₂ reaction gas flow resulted in the conversion of a Wacker-type transition metal complex catalyst to Pd⁰ atoms or small clusters. This new system composed a very active chemisorbent of CO and a relatively stable oxidation catalyst at elevated temperatures. This immediately prepared catalyst showed 70% removal of CO from smoke. The elements of the mechanisms of CO oxidation were studied under the gas-flow and gas-pulse conditions.     

沉积-沉淀法制备Pd-Cu/凹凸棒土催化剂及其常温潮湿环境下CO催化氧化性能

采用沉积-沉淀法制备Pd-Cu/凹凸棒土(PC/APT)催化剂,以CO氧化为探针反应,在连续流动微反装置上考察其常温潮湿环境下CO催化氧化性能。作为对比,同时采用常规浸渍法制备催化剂。通过N2物理吸附-脱附、XRD、FT-IR和TPR等对催化剂结构和性质进行表征。结果表明,与浸渍法制备的催化剂不同,采用沉积-沉淀法制备的PC/APT催化剂上Cu物种分别以Cu_2Cl(OH)_3和CuO形式存在,其中,Cu_2Cl(OH)_3物种与Pd物种间相互作用较强,催化剂还原性能显著提高,表现出良好的CO催化氧化活性。在空速6 000 h~(-1)、CO体积分数0.5%和水蒸汽体积分数3.3%条件下,采用沉积-沉淀法制备的PC/APT催化剂上CO转化率大于84%的时间不低于160 min。