基于连续球压痕法的45钢强度与韧性测试研究

为研究在役设备的材料强度与韧性测试评价问题,针对工程中常用材料45钢,采用连续球压痕方法,获取了材料的屈服强度、抗拉强度与断裂韧性,通过与常规力学性能试验结果比较,对该方法的可靠性进行了验证。通过研究球压头下压产生的塑性功,与冲击启裂能及断裂韧性之间的关联关系,建立基于仪器化球压痕测试技术的冲击韧性估算评估方法。试验结果表明,利用连续球压痕方法获取的屈服强度、抗拉强度与实际结果的偏差均小于10%,断裂韧性值与试验结果的偏差为12.3%,计算结果在试验值偏差数据范围内。利用连续球压痕技术,建立的断裂韧性与冲击韧性之间的关联公式,所预测的冲击韧性结果与仪器化冲击试验值具有较好的一致性,为在役设备材料的韧性快速评价提供了有效的测试方法。      

冲击荷载循环作用下砂岩动态力学性能的围压效应研究

利用带围压装置的霍普金森压杆设备对砂岩在不同围压等级、不同应变率下的动态力学性能进行试验研究,分析了砂岩在冲击荷载循环作用下的累积比能量吸收值,损伤度与围压等参量之间的关系.研究结果表明:在围压作用下,砂岩的应力-应变曲线出现较明显的屈服平台,具有明显的脆性-延性转化特征.随着冲击荷载循环作用次数的增加,材料的弹性模量...     

柱形波纹压溃元件轴向冲击力学行为研究

针对冲击载荷作用下多层柱形波纹压溃元件的力学特性分析非常困难的问题,结合柱形波纹压溃元件的冲击压溃变形特征,将柱形波纹压溃元件的变形划分为弹性变形阶段、壁面接触前的塑性变形阶段、混合塑性变形阶段、壁面接触过程中的塑性变形阶段,研究了轴向冲击下柱形波纹压溃元件变形抗力的理论计算方法。利用Matlab Simulink软件编程,计算分析了不同高度落锤冲击柱形波纹压溃元件产生的变形抗力与压溃量之间的映射特性,并与实验结果进行了比较。研究结果表明,在不同跌落高度冲击下,理论计算的变形抗力与实验结果吻合较好,证明所提出的理论分析方法是合理的,对波纹压溃缓冲元件的工程应用具有指导意义。     

冲击荷载作用下橡胶混凝土的损伤研究

针对冲击荷载作用下橡胶混凝土的损伤问题,利用自动冲击球压仪对橡胶混凝土的动态冲击损伤行为进行研究,并应用激光共聚焦扫描显微镜(LSCM)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析了其冲击损伤形貌及机理特征。结果表明:冲击荷载下橡胶混凝土抗冲击能力优于基准混凝土,且随橡胶粒径的减小抗冲击能力增强;随着冲击荷载的不断增加,橡胶混凝土的压痕增长速率小于基准混凝土,极限荷载值却大于基准混凝土,而橡胶粒径的减小,使压痕增长速率呈减小趋势,极限荷载值增大,表面抗塑性变形能力及试样表面动态力学性能增强;冲击荷载下材料表面形成球冠状小坑,压痕边缘出现不同程度的材料堆积,80目的橡胶在混凝土中分布更加均匀,且损伤区较为连续无明显微裂纹。研究结果为冲击荷载作用下对橡胶混凝土材料损伤研究提供依据。     

太赫兹技术在水泥基材料研究中的应用

本文介绍了太赫兹波的特性以及太赫兹技术的工作原理及其应用,重点介绍了太赫兹时域光谱技术和太赫兹成像技术在水泥水化过程、水泥基材料的微观结构检测和水泥基材料耐久性能三方面的研究进展.利用太赫兹光谱技术可跟踪硅酸三钙、硅酸二钙以及主要水化产物水化硅酸钙、氢氧化钙在水化过程中的变化情况;利用水分对太赫兹波强烈吸收的特性,能够...     

混凝土恒定围压下冲击加载实验装置研制

研制可实现混凝土、岩石及土等非均匀材料恒定围压下轴向冲击压缩加载实验装置,研究复杂应力状态下高应变率力学性能。该装置通过围压油缸及轴向油缸对试件施加静水压,利用大直径分离式Hopkinson压杆(SHPB)进行轴向冲击加载,测量恒定围压下材料动态应力-应变曲线。该装置具有冲击加载前试件处于静水压状态、轴向冲击加载过程中试件围压保持恒定不变等优点。结果表明,围压对混凝土材料动态力学性能影响明显。     

材料前沿测试表征技术及其在船舶材料领域的应用展望

材料测试表征技术是了解材料宏观和微观特征、剖析材料科学问题、进行材料应用评价的基础,测试表征技术的发展极大地加速了材料科学重大发现和重要理论创新的进程,密切跟踪测试表征技术前沿动态并尝试在科研生产中加以运用是材料研究的主要创新途径。通过了解材料基础研究和工程应用所关注的关键性能特征(如力学性能、化学成分、微观特征、疲劳性能、腐蚀性能等)的测试表征技术的发展现状,并分析前沿测试表征技术在船舶材料中的应用前景,为船舶领域的材料研制和工程应用研究提供参考。      

球压法在线评价脆性材料的强度特性和残余应力

针对接触应力和压痕临界载荷的应力分布,通过应力梯度效应讨论分析了产生球压裂纹中的几个传统强度理论无法解释的问题.利用均强度准则提出了一种脆性材料局部强度和表面残余应力的压痕测试方法,并建立了一种简便的强度保证试验技术,对脆性构件的非破坏性能评价有实用意义.     

ANSYS模拟外物冲击的可行性研究

本文对ANSYS模拟外物冲击的可行性进行了研究,在考虑外物冲击属于几何线性或非线性,物理非线性、边界接触非线性问题的基础上分析了ANSYS理论上的可行性,数值模拟静力接触和经典赫兹理论解符合,碰撞的压力曲线与相关文献吻合,为ANSYS模拟外物冲击提供了有力的论证。     

聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯/丙烯腈-苯乙烯-丙烯酸酯共聚物共混合金的加工与力学性能

聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯/丙烯腈-苯乙烯-丙烯酸酯共聚物(PTT/ASA)共混合金的力学性能与加工条件密切相关。采用注塑成型的方法,通过改变模具温度和保压时间,利用差示扫描量热仪、万能材料试验机和冲击试验机研究了PTT/ASA共混合金材料的结晶性能和力学性能,讨论了注塑参数的变化对共混合金性能的影响。研究表明,升高模具温度可以提高共混合金的结晶度,并且较高的模具温度有利于提高共混合金的冲击强度和拉伸强度。保压时间延长,结晶度增大,拉伸强度逐渐增大。     

滚石坡面法向冲击动力响应特性研究

滚石灾害是5·12地震诱发的主要次生山地灾害之一,因具有随机和不可预见性,成为灾后重建中地质灾害防治的难点.滚石防治的核心问题是解析滚石对坡面的冲击响应,由于冲击过程历时短、变形大和能量转换复杂,通过传统理论分析方法分析较为困难.为此,以Hertz理论为基础,考虑坡体的弹塑性特性,模型化滚石冲击为自由落体冲击的半无限体...     

Practical applications of the electron theory to improve physical and mechanical properties of engineering materials

A brief account is given of the origin and development of the electron theory and its successful application to improving physical and mechanical properties of a range of materials, including hard metals, metal-ceramic bonding, intermetallics and steels. As the nature of the bonding in solids, i.e. metallic, semi-conductor or insulator, determines both their mechanical and electronic properties, it is suggested that a theory linking both properties is desirable. The development of such a theory could be the basis of a better understanding of the mechanical properties of solids and the production of new materials for various technological applications.     

Experimental research on dynamic mechanical properties of PZT ceramic under hydrostatic pressure

An experimental technique for initially applied hydrostatic pressure in specimens subjected to axial impact has been developed to study the dynamic mechanical properties of materials. The technique was employed for the purpose of examining the dynamic mechanical properties of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) at zero to 15 MPa hydrostatic pressures. Experimental results unambiguously exhibit the ductile behavior of PZT when hydrostatic pressure is involved. The compressive strength is demonstrated sensitive to the initial hydrostatic pressure and the strain-rate. The fracture modes are analyzed by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Moreover, a failure criterion based on Mohr-Coulomb failure theory is suggested to explain the brittle and ductile failure of PZT.     

核乏燃料运输容器减震器填充材料研究进展

目的综述以木材、聚氨酯泡沫、蜂窝铝作为核乏燃料运输容器减震器填充材料的性能。方法通过对3种填充材料的减震器进行受载分析,然后对3种填充材料的力学性能进行验证。结果将3种材料作为核乏燃料减震器填充材料具有可行性,还列出了3种材料的不足之处。结论工业上对有着优秀能量吸收、限制过载、质轻且受环境变化影较小的核乏燃料运输容器减震器填充材料有着迫切需求。之后提出将2种材料(泡沫铝和双向瓦楞蜂窝铝)作为减震器的填充材料,并分析了2种材料的特点与吸能特性,证明了其作为减震器填充材料的合理性与可行性。     

Investigation of mechanical properties of auxetic woven polymer composite material

Contrary to normal materials, the auxetic/meta‐materials expand transversally as well as longitudinally when subjected to longitudinal load and contract in both directions on compression. In this work, auxeticity is obtained in composites reinforced with carbon woven fabrics placed at certain angles. The auxetic effect on the mechanical properties of the prepared carbon/epoxy composites was investigated. The mechanical properties include the tensile, flexural and impact properties. It is found that the tensile properties are not affected by the auxetic effect; however, the flexural and impact properties are significantly enhanced by the auxetic effect.     

分形理论应用于包装材料性能研究的进展

目的 分形现象广泛存在于包装材料性能等方面,目前尚无系统性的描述,有必要总结分形理论应用于包装材料性能的研究进展,为采用分形方法研究包装材料性能提供参考.方法 从分形特征的提取、分形维数的计算方法等方面,综述应用于金属合金和陶瓷等无机材料、高分子聚合物和复合材料等的分形分析方法.通过包装材料的分形维数模型,分析包装材料的分形特征参数与其性能之间的关系.结果 利用分形分析方法,可以定性和定量表征大量不同种类包装材料的分形特征、微观结构和力学等性能.结论 利用分形理论研究包装材料性能的方法具有普遍性,包装材料性能与分形维数的关系将是分形理论在包装材料性能研究方面的重要发展趋势之一.     

Microstructure effect on the mechanical properties of heterogeneous composite materials

Statistical continuum theory is a powerful tool for predicting the effective properties of heterogeneous materials, where the shape of the fillers is random over the representative volume element (RVE). Due to this geometrical complexity of the shape of fillers, the heterogeneous material might present some anisotropy, which can be difficult to measure experimentally. In these cases the statistical continuum theory can be used as a tool to predict the degree of anisotropy. The aim of the present work is to present an implementation method based on analytical probability functions that can be easily integrated numerically to predict the effective properties of heterogeneous materials. In this regard, the strong-contrast version of the statistical continuum theory is used to predict the effective mechanical properties of heterogeneous materials. For validation, the effective mechanical properties of porous P-311 glass are predicted using the strong-contrast approach, and compared to experimental results and to ones calculated using a differential scheme (DS) model, which is based on Eshelby’s theory of inclusion embedded in an equivalent continuum matrix. Further, to demonstrate the effectiveness of the strong-contrast approach in dealing with anisotropic materials, the effective mechanical properties of a macroscopically anisotropic heterogeneous material are predicted and compared to ones calculated using the DS model. Finally, remarks on the implementation of the strong-contrast approach are highlighted through calculations using fillers with different sizes.     

On the influence of moisture absorption on Lamb wave propagation and measurements in viscoelastic CFRP using surface applied piezoelectric sensors

The understanding of the impact of environmental influence factors on propagation and damping of Lamb waves in composite materials is a topic of great interest for both design and utilization of structural health monitoring (SHM) systems. In this work, the influence of humidity absorption on the dispersive behavior of Lamb waves propagating in viscoelastic composite materials is investigated. Using a transversely isotropic material model and DMA measurements, the changes in the viscoelastic material properties due to water absorption are characterized. By means of a higher order plate theory and those mechanical properties, the dispersion curves for unconditioned and hot/wet-conditioned UD reinforced CFRP plates are then predicted. Both the changes in Lamb wave velocity and Lamb wave damping are investigated and compared with experimental values. Additionally, the changes of the sensor response, which are related to both the changes of the material properties and that of the adhesive layer, are investigated. The large impact of moisture absorption on Lamb wave excitation and propagation and its relevance for structural health monitoring (SHM) applications is shown and discussed.     

The change in mechanical properties of iron, 12Kh18N10T steel,and tantalum in impact loading of near-spalling intensity

The results of investigation of the influence of impact loading on the mechanical properties of iron 12Kh18N10T steel, and tantalum are presented. The remaining mechanical properties were determined on small specimens cut from samples subjected to impact loading and control samples. It is shown that the method of determination of the residual mechanical properties together with metallography may be used as a diagnostic one for determination of the conditions of origin of spalling microdamages in materials.Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 1, pp. 104–108, January, 1996.     

纳米SiO2/环氧树脂灌封材料的研究

以纳米SiO 2作为增强材料,制备了纳米SiO2/环氧树脂灌封材料,并研究了不同的纳米含量对灌封材料性能的影响,采用透射电镜(TEM)对纳米SiO2粒子分散情况进行了分析.结果表明,纳米SiO2均匀地分散在环氧树脂基体中,有效地改善了环氧树脂的力学性能,并且当纳米SiO2含量为3%时,纳米SiO2/环氧树脂灌封材料的力学性能最佳,其冲击强度和弯曲强度比环氧树脂分别提高98%和112%,同时电学性能也有所提高.