High‐Potential Metalless Nanocarbon Foam Supercapacitors Operating in Aqueous Electrolyte

Light‐weight graphite foam decorated with carbon nanotubes (dia. 20–50 nm) is utilized as an effective electrode without binders, conductive additives, or metallic current collectors for supercapacitors in aqueous electrolyte. Facile nitric acid treatment renders wide operating potentials, high specific capacitances and energy densities, and long lifespan over 10 000 cycles manifested as 164.5 and 111.8 F g^?1, 22.85 and 12.58 Wh kg^?1, 74.6% and 95.6% capacitance retention for 2 and 1.8 V, respectively. Overcharge protection is demonstrated by repetitive cycling between 2 and 2.5 V for 2000 cycles without catastrophic structural demolition or severe capacity fading. Graphite foam without metallic strut possessing low density (≈0.4–0.45 g cm^?3) further reduces the total weight of the electrode. The thorough investigation of the specific capacitances and coulombic efficiencies versus potential windows and current densities provides insights into the selection of operation conditions for future practical devices.     

Nanocarbon for Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalysis: Dopants,Edges, and Defects

The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is the cornerstone of various sustainable energy‐conversion technologies. Metal‐free nanocarbon electrocatalysts with competitive activity, enhanced durability, and satisfactory cost, have been proposed as the most promising substitute for precious‐metal catalysts. However, their further development is still primarily based on trial‐and‐error approaches due to the controversial knowledge of critical active sites and mechanisms. Herein, the activity origins of nanocarbon‐based ORR electro­catalysts are comprehensively reviewed and correlated, considering the dopants, edges, and defects. Analogously, they can effectively modify the charge/spin distribution on the sp²‐conjugated carbon matrix, leading to optimized intermediate chemisorption and facilitated electron transfer. Specific doping at defective edges is expected to render practical applications for metal‐free nanocarbon electrocatalysts.     

Application and Future Challenges of Functional Nanocarbon Hybrids

Hybridizing nanocarbons, such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) or graphene, with an active material is a powerful strategy towards designing next‐generation functional materials for environmental and sustainable energy applications. While research on nanocomposites, created by dispersing the nanocarbon into polymer or ceramic matrices, began almost immediately after the popularization of CNTs and graphene in 1991 and 2004, respectively, nanocarbon hybrids are a relatively recent addition to the family of composite materials. In contrast to nanocomposites, which typically combine the intrinsic properties of both compounds, nanocarbon hybrids additionally provide access to both a large surface area required for gas/liquid‐solid interactions and an extended interface, through which charge and energy transfer processes create synergistic effects that result in unique properties and superior performance. This progress report looks at the history of research on nanocarbons (fullerenes, CNTs and graphene) and their composites and hybrids, presents the origin of synergistic effects, reviews the most intriguing results on nanocarbon hybrid performance in heterogeneous catalysis, electrocatalysis, photocatalysis, batteries, supercapacitors, photovoltaics and sensors, and discusses remaining challenges and future research directions.     

Emission Properties of Metal Porous Cathodes Modified by Nanocarbon

The results of studying the emissive ability, structure, and elemental composition of the surface of an impregnated cathode with a fine-grained tungsten matrix with addition of polyhedral multilayer carbon nanostructures of the fulleroid type (0.2?0.7 wt %), impregnated with barium-calcium aluminate with addition of sulfoadduct of carbon nanoclusters (0.1?0.2 wt %), are presented. The tests in diode prototypes showed that these cathodes provide a current density of 20 A/cm².     

创造纸张之美——专访悦声纸业董事长王建平

悦声纸业创立于2000年,是蓬勃发展的中国本土艺术纸行业中的佼佼者,它为致力于追求高品位的品牌与机构提供优质的艺术纸张与专业服务,以“艺术纸的一站式购买、专业的用纸方案选择、个性化的纸张订制”三大经营特色取胜于中国市场.目前悦声纸业总部在深圳,在广州、东莞、香港、上海、杭州、宁波、成都、北京等城市均开设有分公司. 近期,本刊记者走访了悦声纸业的东莞工厂,并采访了董事长王建平先生.     

基于ACO的瓦楞纸高浓磨浆过程多目标优化

目的在确保磨浆质量的前提下,提高磨浆产量、降低磨浆能耗,进而提高瓦楞纸的产量,降低生产能耗。方法在分析并建立高浓磨浆过程数学模型的基础上,针对该数学模型多目标、非线性的特点,提出一种采用编程简单、鲁棒性强的ACO(蚁群算法)对该多目标优化问题进行求解的新方法。结果 Matlab仿真结果表明,ACO在求解高浓磨浆过程多目标优化问题时,能够快速地找到符合生产工艺要求的最优解。结论基于ACO的多目标优化不仅提高了瓦楞纸制浆产量,而且降低了生产能耗。同罚函数相比,更好地实现了优质、高产、低能耗的生产目标。     

高聚物P1合成及在黑白照相纸中的应用

本文简要介绍了高聚物P1的合成方法以及在黑白相纸中的应用试验，探讨了其作用机理。试验证明：高聚物P1在黑白相纸中具有一定的增感增黑作用，对于降低相纸的涂布银量和减薄涂层厚度；降低光谱增感染料用量，从而减轻染料对乳剂的染色作用，提高相纸的画面白度以及改善乳剂膜的物理性能等方面具有显著的效果。     

Intertwined Nanocarbon and Manganese Oxide Hybrid Foam for High‐Energy Supercapacitors

Rapid charging and discharging supercapacitors are promising alternative energy storage systems for applications such as portable electronics and electric vehicles. Integration of pseudocapacitive metal oxides with single‐structured materials has received a lot of attention recently due to their superior electrochemical performance. In order to realize high energy‐density supercapacitors, a simple and scalable method is developed to fabricate a graphene/MWNT/MnO₂ nanowire (GMM) hybrid nanostructured foam, via a two‐step process. The 3D few‐layer graphene/MWNT (GM) architecture is grown on foamed metal foils (nickel foam) via ambient pressure chemical vapor deposition. Hydrothermally synthesized α‐MnO₂ nanowires are conformally coated onto the GM foam by a simple bath deposition. The as‐prepared hierarchical GMM foam yields a monographical graphene foam conformally covered with an intertwined, densely packed CNT/MnO₂ nanowire nanocomposite network. Symmetrical electrochemical capacitors (ECs) based on GMM foam electrodes show an extended operational voltage window of 1.6 V in aqueous electrolyte. A superior energy density of 391.7 Wh kg^?1 is obtained for the supercapacitor based on the GMM foam, which is much higher than ECs based on GM foam only (39.72 Wh kg^?1). A high specific capacitance (1108.79 F g^?1) and power density (799.84 kW kg^?1) are also achieved. Moreover, the great capacitance retention (97.94%) after 13 000 charge–discharge cycles and high current handability demonstrate the high stability of the electrodes of the supercapacitor. These excellent performances enable the innovative 3D hierarchical GMM foam to serve as EC electrodes, resulting in energy‐storage devices with high stability and power density in neutral aqueous electrolyte.     

RC高光泽喷墨打印照片纸吸墨涂层的研究

详细阐述了高光相纸涂层材料的填料、胶粘剂、固色剂和其他添加剂，并介绍了高光喷墨打印相纸的主要评价方法。     

碳纳米管对纳米炭复合纤维结构与性能的影响研究

采用不同方法将多壁碳纳米管(MWNTs)混合于中间相沥青中,利用氮压式单孔纺丝机进行纺丝,经预氧化、碳化后制得了纳米炭复合纤维,对比研究了混合方式对纳米炭复合纤维的结构和性能的影响.研究结果表明,MWNTs的加入最终改变了纤维的微观结构,尤其经浓酸处理后显著提高了纳米炭复合纤维的力学性能.     

旅客列车硬座车厢内气流模拟与浓度场分析

采用稳态不可压缩雷诺时均N-S方程、k-ε湍流模型,对旅客列车空调硬座车厢内气流场和浓度场进行了数值计算。采用立方体代表旅客,以人体呼出的CO2作为代表性污染物,研究了非空载下车厢内气流和浓度分布。计算结果表明：现有的送风方式除车厢两端外,车厢内沿长度方向气流分布比较均匀;人体散热和太阳辐射对车厢内流场温度场影响较大,非空载时车厢内流场分布与空载时有较大差别,太阳照射和人体产生的热气流使车厢内存在较大的温度梯度;车厢内过道区浓度较低,但座位区由于人员集中,人体呼吸区污染物积聚,浓度偏高,且车厢中部断面污染     

提高造纸行业自主创新能力构建造纸技术创新体系

提出了约束我国造纸工业发展的主要瓶颈，讨论了如何提高造纸行业自主创新能力，构建造纸技术创新体系，促进我国造纸工业可持续发展。