示准化学科行为互换性定律的创建

本文讨论了互换性定律的族系,研究了非训练行为不准确现象,讨论了行为互换性的需求,推论了行为互换性定律的存在,建立了行为互换性的概念,创建了行为互换性定律的命题及其数学模型,详述了定律的内涵,分析了行为互换性与其他互换性的关系,讨论了行为互换性定律的对象范围、互换类型、自身特点和作用意义,对行为互换性定律进行了验证分析,讨论了行为互换性定律的应用,并给出了应用例子。     

标准化学科几何互换性定律的创建

本文讨论了规律和定律的关系和特点,讨论了几何互换性的本质关系,推论了互换性定律的存在,创建了动配合互换性定律、定位配合互换性定律、紧配合互换性定律,建立了定律的命题、数学模型和关系模型,详述了每个定律的内涵,创建了支持互换性工程应用的几何互换性空间,讨论了互换性定律的应用,创建了广泛适用的互换性空间。     

标准化学科定律的创建

本文归纳和分析了定律的特点和必备要素,以引导定律学科构建,分析了原理和定律的特点和区别,研究创建了标准化学科的第一定律（变换定律）、第二定律（统一最大定律）、第三定律（相通定律）、第四定律（时域同态定律）、第五定律（空域同态定律）、第六定律（时空域同态定律）,给出了每个定律的命题、数学模型和关系模型,对标准化学科的定律进行了要素验证,并给出了定律的主要应用实例和应用方向。     

标准化学科核心原理的构建（上）

本文研究提出了原理构建的必备要素,以引导学科原理的构建,按照原理要素关系,分析了过去所提出原理存在的问题,论述了标准化原理重建的原因,研究提出了标准化学科的统一化原理、互换性原理、通用化原理、系列化原理、模块化原理的理论命题,讨论了每个原理的规律性内容,分析了5个原理间的相互关系,对每个原理应用七要素进行了验证,给出了每个原理相应的应用方法。     

标准化学科核心原理的构建（下）

本文研究提出了原理构建的必备要素,以引导学科原理的构建,按照原理要素关系,分析了过去所提出原理存在的问题,论述了标准化原理重建的原因,研究提出了标准化学科的统一化原理、互换性原理、通用化原理、系列化原理、模块化原理的理论命题,讨论了每个原理的规律性内容,分析了五个原理间的相互关系,对每个原理应用七要素进行了验证,给出了每个原理相应的应用方法。     

测温热敏电阻互换性的探讨

一、前言用于测温的珠状热敏电阻具有较好的稳定性和较高的阻值精度,但其互换性差,必须加以解决。本文结合我所珠状测温热敏电阻和配套的数字温度计的研制,在互换性方面进行了理论和实验探论,给出一些实用的计算公式和实验方法,希望有助干热敏电阻在测温领域的推广     

分形方法导出改进的牛顿第二定律及万有引力定律

牛顿第二定律及万有引力定律是根据实验结果总结出来的。为了探讨从理论上导出这两个定律的可能性，根据能量守恒定律，给出用变维分形方法针对一个实例（小球沿长斜面滚下）导出改进的牛顿第二定律及万有引力定律的方法。具体给出了适用于实例的常维分形结果：改进的万有引力定律F=-GMm / r199989和改进的牛顿第二定律F=ma101458。     

φ~混合序列部分和的收敛性质

设{Xn,n≥1)是~(φ)混合序列,利用随机变量的截尾方法和~(φ)混合序列的三级数定理,本文研究了~(φ)混合序列的性质,得到了矩条件下~(φ)混合序列的一类强极限定理和强大数定律,并给出了一些简单应用,推广了若干经典的强大数定律.     

电流型集成温度传感器及其在控制方面的应用

电流型集成温度传感器是一种利用PN正向电流与温度的关系制成的温度传感器,该传感器具有良好的线性和互换性,测量精度高,近来受到业界的普遍关注.本文着重介绍了电流型PTAT集成温度传感器原理,对典型电流型PTAT集成温度传感器产品进行了详细的分析,并给出了应用电流型集成温度传感器AD590构成温度控制系统的设计方案.此方案主要用于炉内恒温控制.     

广州地区城市天然气互换性探讨

广州地区天然气的应用和发展起步较晚,天然气在城市燃气中占的比例还不是很大,随着天然气利用工程将飞速发展,今后广州地区天然气的气源需求量将猛增,天然气的来源和产地也不断增多,组分也比较复杂,城市天然气气源的互换性问题就越来越突出了。因此解决城市天然气互换性的问题是促进城市天然气产业的健康快速发展的必要条件。     

弹性力学极坐标辛体系Hamilton函数的守恒律

用弹性力学直角坐标辛体系中类似的形式,定义了极坐标问题径向和环向辛体系的Hamilton函数,对其守恒性进行了研究,由Hamilton对偶方程推出了Hamilton函数的守恒律,同时给出了守恒条件,指出两种极坐标辛体系中Hamilton函数是否守恒均取决于两侧边的荷载和位移情况。在径向和环向辛体系中都给出了算例,验证了Hamilton函数的守恒律。这一守恒律丰富了弹性力学辛体系的理论内容,不仅对于弹性力学极坐标问题的理论分析有所帮助,也为极坐标问题的数值计算分析提供了一个判断依据。     

Nonequilibrium statistical foundation of fatigue fracture

The physical foundation of statistical law of fatigue fracture is discussed. The universal forms of the microcrack growth rate, fluctuation growth coeffident and distribution function and fatigue life distribution function have been given.     

A Heuristic for Minimizing the Number of Tool Switches on a Flexible Machine

This paper addresses the problem of scheduling N jobs on a single machine equipped with an automatic tool interchange mechanism. We consider the case where the total number of tools required to process all N jobs is greater than the capacity of the tool magazine, and where processing times and switching times are independent. The underlying problem is to find the job sequence and tool replacement policy that minimizes the total number of switches. This is equivalent to minimizing the makespan. Two industrial applications of the model are cited.

The problem is formulated as a nonlinear integer program and solved with a dual-based relaxation heuristic designed to quickly find good local solutions. An example is given to highlight the computations and a series of test cases is examined to gauge the performance of the proposed methodology. The results demonstrate that in almost all cases global optimality is obtained, but in notably less time than current techniques admit. This points up the practicality of using the algorithm for real time control. Extensions to the L-machine scheduling problem are also discussed.     

Thermodynamic considerations for the refrigeration of rotating superconducting machinery

Helium refrigerant in a rotating superconducting coil will suffer temperature and pressure increases from the action of centrifugal forces. The compression is shown to be isentropic in many practical cases, and some experimental evidence is given. Possible thermodynamic states of helium are described for the refrigeration of NbTi and Nb₃Sn superconductors. The interchange of heat and work between the helium and the rest of the rotor is examined, and possible novel features and limitations of refrigeration systems for rotating superconducting machinery are discussed.     

随机局部弹性与分批连续进货的随机存储模型

利用随机局部弹性的概念及运算法则,研究了分批连续进货并允许缺货的存储模型中,总费用对随机最高存储量与随机采购周期的局部弹性,给出了总费用弹性的联合概率密度的一般表达式,通过实例证明了当最高存储量与采购周期的分布特性已知时,总费用的弹性分布和弹性变化范围及弹性在该变化范围的可信度。     

Growth and characterization of InGaAsP lattice-matched to InP

The development of InGaAsP lattice-matched to InP as a suitable material for a range of electronic devices is reviewed. Currently accepted values of fundamental material parameters such as lattice constant, energy band-gap and effective mass as a function of composition are presented. The various growth techniques are discussed with particular emphasis given to the liquid phase epitaxy (LPE) method which has emerged as the most popular. Details of the determination of the liquidus and solidus phase diagrams both theoretically and experimentally are given and a comparison of the two is carried out. The problems of doping control and lattice matching are discussed. The other less widely-used growth methods, vapour phase epitaxy (VPE) and molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), are also outlined. The development of optical sources (lasers and LED's) and photodetectors for optical-fibre communication systems is presented with particular attention being paid to the device technology. The latest performance figures in this rapidly moving area are reviewed. Prospects for the use of this material in non-optical applications are discussed in terms of its transport properties and device technology for applications in microwaves and high-speed logic.     

Efficient calculation of numerical values of a polyhedral function

Some applications require the repeated calculation of numerical values of a polyhedral function at points specified by their co-ordinates. The function is usually defined by some simple interpolation over each of the finite elements of a given mesh. A necessary step for the calculation of the value of the function at a given point is to determine to which element the point belongs. Such a determination can be efficiently accomplished by establishing a correspondence between the cells of some suitably defined regular mesh and the finite elements. Then, for each given point, the cell to which the point belongs is determined and the elements associated with that cell are inspected. This method is described and discussed in the text, and compared with two other less efficient methods with the help of numerical examples.     

Structural nanocrystalline materials: an overview

This paper presents a brief overview of the field of structural nanocrystalline materials. These are materials in either bulk, coating, or thin film form whose function is for structural applications. The major processing methods for production of bulk nanocrystalline materials are reviewed. These methods include inert gas condensation, chemical reaction methods, electrodeposition, mechanical attrition, and severe plastic deformation. The stability of the nanocrystalline microstructure is discussed in terms of strategies for retardation of grain growth. Selected mechanical properties of nanocrystalline materials are described; specifically strength and ductility. Corrosion resistance is briefly addressed. Examples of present or potential applications for structural nanocrystalline materials are given.     

异步切换下切换时变时滞系统的保成本控制

切换系统是一种重要的混杂系统,由若干子系统及决定子系统之间切换的切换信号组成。在工程应用中,控制器切换与子系统的切换会存在时延,即异步切换。研究了异步切换下的时变时滞系统的保成本控制问题,利用分段李雅普诺夫函数法和平均驻留时间法,得到保成本控制器存在的充分条件,并从线性矩阵不等式的角度,设计了一个异步切换保成本控制器,使得系统具有鲁棒性能。最后,给出了一个数值例子验证提出的方法的有效性。