差分拉曼光谱结合聚类分析检验运动鞋鞋底

为建立一种快速、准确、无损的区分检验运动鞋鞋底的方法，采用差分拉曼光谱仪结合聚类分析方法对40个不同品牌，不同系列的白色运动鞋鞋底样品进行了检验研究。结果表明，根据鞋底样品的主要成分不同可将样品分为5类；同一类样品可依据添加的主要填料成分不同进行分组；同一组样品可依据特征峰的相对峰高比不同进行区分；利用聚类分析方法处理样品数据，当并类距离为2时，样品被分为5类，分类结果较为理想。该方法操作简便快速、结果准确可靠且无损检材，可为公安机关实际办案提供帮助。     

基于K均值算法的X射线荧光光谱法检验药用铝塑包装片的研究

药用铝塑包装片是犯罪现场勘查过程中常见的物证,研究建立一种准确检验药用铝塑包装片种类的方法,可为法庭科学领域现场物证检验提供技术支撑。实验利用X射线荧光光谱仪(XRF)对30个不同品牌、不同厂家的药用铝塑包装片样品进行测定,按照元素含量对样品初步分组,用Pearson相关系数和假设检验分析样品的相关性;运用Python语言中sklearn模块对元素指标进行K均值聚类分析,通过误差平方和法(SSE)寻找最优K值,用轮廓系数评估聚类结果,最终实现不同样品的精确分类。     

铝用炭素材料中杂质元素的分布及分析方法

铝用炭素材料主要包括铝用阳极材料和铝用阴极材料两大类别,两类炭素材料都有相应的上游原料,相关的产品生产对应相关的流程,并产生对应的下游产物。文章详细介绍铝用炭素材料中相关物质材料的杂质元素种类、含量以及在产品生产中的流转变化。铝用炭素材料中杂质元素分析方法主要包括X射线荧光光谱法(XRF)、ICP-OES法、ICP-MS法、原子吸收法、原子荧光光谱法等,根据样品处理方式可以分为直接处理测定和灰化处理测定两种;XRF法和ICP-OES法最具代表性,两类方法几乎可以涵盖铝用炭素材料中多元素、各梯度含量的分析。本文除介绍各类方法之外,还对影响测定的各因素进行探讨。     

橡胶复合材料用无机填料表面改性技术研究进展

橡胶作为轮胎的重要原材料，其应用场合决定了橡胶复合材料必须具有良好的力学性能。使用无机填料作为增强材料提高力学性能已成为近年来的发展趋势。目前橡胶复合材料领域的研究热点是各种填料的复配使用，但是，无机填料大多具有较强的自聚性，或者因自身极性高等原因导致分散性极差，因此与橡胶基体不易相容。通过偶联剂对无机填料表面改性可以促使其在橡胶基体中均匀分散，进而赋予轮胎橡胶材料优异的力学性能和动态机械性能。通过梳理近十年来的相关文献，对多学科无机填料表面改性研究成果进行分类并提取技术细节；对不同材料体系表面改性技术的研究成果进行横向对比，总结成果优缺点并深入分析；最后，通过交叉对比，总结当前纳米级别无机填料表面改性技术与测试表征研究中存在的问题，并讨论解决方案及未来可研究方向。     

判别分析结合系统聚类对易拉罐环的XRF检验

为实现对易拉罐环的鉴别分类,利用X射线荧光光谱法(XRF)对28个不同品种的易拉罐环样本成分进行检验。对样本元素的种类和含量进行初步分析后,根据样本中含量最多的5种元素进行系统聚类。经过系统聚类后样本被分为了5个类别,检验分类是否准确后将聚类分类结果作为分析依据进行判别分析,提取累积贡献率为98.2%的两个判别函数绘制判别分类图,发现样本在判别函数平面空间内类别之间明显区分开来,最终交叉验证正确率和原始分类正确率分别为82.1%和96.4%,表明该方法能对易拉罐环进行有效的分类识别。     

高效减水剂在水泥颗粒表面的吸附

采用X射线荧光光谱方法(XRF)研究萘磺酸钠聚合物(PNS)高效减水剂在水泥颗粒表面的吸附。分析认为PNS中硫(S)元素含量是确定的，水化初期其它成分溶入水泥浆液相中的含S离子的变化情况也可以测定，且制定XRF标准曲线所需含S标准样品选取方便，因此S元素是合理的标定元素。从水泥浆体中分离出液相是XRF方法关键的步骤，测试数据表明过滤(抽滤)对XRF结果的误差影响不大。在此基础上，用XRF分析从水泥浆分离出的溶液中S元素的含量，进而计算PNS吸附结果。该结果与其他研究人员采用其它方法所得的研究结果相近。同时发现PNS高效减水剂在水泥颗粒表面吸附形态不是单分子层，而是其它形态。     

多维度结合XRF对塑钢窗的快速检验

为建立一种检验塑钢窗物证的方法，利用X射线荧光光谱仪对收集到的40个不同品牌、同一品牌不同系列、同一品牌同一系列不同批次塑钢窗进行检验。采用Niton XL3t GOLDD+手持式荧光光谱仪，通过预实验确定了检测条件：Ag作阳极靶；检测电压为50kV；检测电流为200μA；采集时间为70s，在此条件下对样品进行检测，根据不同塑钢窗样本所测出的特征元素种类及质量分数可对样本进行区分。为了使分类结果科学准确，首先利用主成分分析法对实验结果进行降维处理，指定提取了4个因子，再利用系统聚类和K?Means快速聚类方法对样品数据进行聚类处理，将40个样本分为28类，并利用Fisher判别分析法验证了分类结果的科学合理性。该方法结合谱图分析和化学计量学，能快速、准确、无损地对样品做出分类，为公安基层实际办案提供帮助。     

鞋底材料的中红外光谱可视化快速鉴别

借助中红外分析技术和化学计量分析,建立常见鞋底材料种类鉴别的分类模型,为鞋底种类鉴别提供有效的新方法。基于鞋底红外光谱矩阵数据,建立了层次聚类模型和K近邻模型。结果表明,K近邻模型中,43个样本分为7类,这与层次聚类模型中,组间平均距离为8时样本的分类结果一致;K近邻下,分类样本呈5个聚集区域,其中H、G、K 3类样本分布情况明显,相比较A类,E类分布较为集中,聚敛程度较大,L类分在E类,M类分在A类;模型总分类准确率达95.35 %,分类结果理想;选取各类中的一个样本,对其开展谱图解析,得到样本主要成分有顺丁橡胶、乙烯醋酸乙烯酯共聚物、聚氨酯、异戊橡胶、聚氯乙烯和苯乙烯丁二烯苯乙烯嵌段共聚物;中红外光谱技术结合化学计量分析可作为鞋底材料种类鉴别的一种无损、快速、准确的分析方法。     

扫描电镜-X射线能谱法检验汽车轮胎橡胶

目的用扫描电子显微镜-X射线能谱法检验汽车轮胎橡胶样品中无机成分并进行比对分析。方法将汽车轮胎橡胶样品置于体视显微镜下,用无水乙醇清洗,用手术刀分离,将分离后的样品置样品台上,用扫描电子显微镜-X射线能谱法分析。结果同一汽车轮胎不同层次橡胶元素种类及含量有差异,不同种类汽车轮胎橡胶元素种类及含量有差异。结论扫描电子显微镜-X射线能谱法检验汽车轮胎橡胶具有快速、准确、所需样品量少等特点,可应用于司法实践交通肇事逃逸案中汽车轮胎橡胶物证中无机成分的比对分析。     

ICP-AES法测定食用花及茶中8种无机元素

本文用ICP－AES法测定了4种可食用花及金佛山信息茶中8种无机元素的含量，结果表明，样品中含有丰富的人体所必需的常量及微量元素，各元素的回收率及标准偏差较好。     

无机填料对功能弹性体吸声性能的影响

基于调节聚氨酯/环氧树脂(PUR/EP)弹性体基材声阻抗,增加材料对声能弛豫吸收和传播路径、加大声波损耗的目的,在基材中加入空心玻璃微珠和云母两种无机材料,并通过改变无机材料的添加量和梯度结构设计对其水声吸声性能展开了研究。研究结果表明:无机填料云母和空心微珠的加入均能有效改善PUR/EP基材的吸声性能。空心微珠量越多,吸声效果越佳。云母添加量的影响规律为5%含量时平均吸声系数高,而高云母含量则只能对基材的低频吸声性能的提高贡献较大。这两种无机填料的梯度分层复合材料的吸声性能要优于非梯度材料(总含量10%)。     

Green composites of organic materials and recycled post‐consumer polyethylene

Addition of organic fillers to post‐consumer recycled plastics can give rise to several advantages. First of all, the cost of these fillers is usually very low, the organic fillers are biodegradable contributing to an improved environmental impact and, last but not least, some mechanical and thermomechanical properties can be enhanced. Organic fillers are not widely used in the plastic industry although their use is increasing. Bad dispersion into the polymer matrix at high‐level content and poor adhesion with the matrix are the more important obstacles to this approach. In this work various organic fillers have been used with a post‐consumer plastic material originating from films for greenhouses. The properties of these green composites have been compared with those of materials filled with a conventional inorganic filler. The organic fillers cause slightly worse processability, due to an increase of viscosity, an enhancement of the rigidity and of the thermomechanical resistance similar to that measured for the inorganic filler, while a reduction of the impact strength is observed. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry     

环氧树脂-有机硅复合改性水性聚氨酯耐温防腐涂料的研究

以异氟尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI),聚丙二醇(PPG),二甲基硅油及环氧树脂等为主要原料合成了环氧树脂-有机硅复合改性水性聚氨酯,通过添加无机填料和助剂制备了水性聚氨酯涂料。利用红外光谱和热分析仪对乳液、涂料的结构和性能进行表征。探讨了乳液、镇水粉和铁红的用量对涂膜力学性能、耐水性能和防腐性能的影响。当乳液含量为65%,镇水粉含量为10%,铁粉含量为6%时,其热稳定性能提高了50℃,吸水率降低了3倍,冲击强度增加到80 kg/cm,附着力达到0级,自腐蚀电位提高至450 mV。结果表明,无机填料的加入,可极大改善水性聚氨酯涂层的综合性能。     

无机填料对聚氨酯阻尼材料性能影响的研究进展

综述了聚合物阻尼机理,无机纳米粒子作用于聚氨酯材料的阻尼机理,及无机纳米粒子对聚氨酯阻尼材料的影响,随着无机填料的增加提高了聚氨酯材料的损耗模量和储存模量,阻尼因子tan δ随之增加,并且提高了材料的力学性能.     

The Effect of Inorganic Fillers on the Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Polyester

Polyester resins are the most widely used resin systems. Filler materials are used extensively with polyester resin for a variety of reasons, such as cost reduction, and more importantly, to enhance some physical and/or mechanical properties. Through the present work several types of inorganic fillers (cement, silica fume, and sand) were incorporated into the polyester resin. Their effects on the mechanical and thermal properties were investigated. Quantitative measurements and qualitative observations were made to recognize the different aspects related to their employment in an attempt to find an appropriate means to enhance a prescribed property. Test results indicated that although a pronounced enhancement of the mechanical properties was achieved, a specific filler type may not have the same effect on each mechanical property. Therefore, in real applications where only some of the properties are of concern, the proper filler type and content should be specified accordingly. In any case, employing a combination of filler types (mixed fillers) is an efficient way to utilize the benefits of each of the employed fillers.     

差分拉曼光谱结合聚类分析检验电线塑料外皮研究

为建立一种高效准确的差分拉曼光谱检验电线塑料外皮的方法,利用便携式差分拉曼光谱仪测得了35个不同品牌不同类型的电线塑料外皮的差分拉曼光谱数据;再根据样品的主要成分和所含填料的不同,对样品进行初步分类;利用主成分分析对初步分类后的拉曼数据进行降维,再利用系统聚类将样品分组,最后应用K?均值聚类分析对分组结果准确性进行检验。其中,对于同组样品,可以用拉曼特征峰的相对峰高比进行区分。结果表明,当并类距离为1时,I?1组样品（只含滑石粉的白色样品）可分为7个小组,实现了对样品的区分;该方法不破坏检材,操作简单,可为微量物证检验和公安机关办案提供帮助。     

明胶蛋白质基可降解塑料薄膜的研究

将分散均匀的明胶、无机填料和复合增塑剂的水溶液用流延法成膜,制得了蛋白质基可降解塑料薄膜。用拉伸实验、吸水实验和降解实验表征了蛋白质基可降解塑料薄膜的性能。结果表明:薄膜的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率随增塑剂用量的增加而增加,随无机填料用量的增加而减小;薄膜的耐水性随增塑剂用量的增加而变差;蛋白质基塑料薄膜具有生物降解性,在20天内降解度为10%左右。     

Determination of clay content in Canadian oil sands using x-ray florescence spectroscopy for diagnosis of ore processability

In this study, a simple and robust method based on the use of x-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy to measure potassium content as an indicator of illite in oil sands was proposed and tested. The XRF results of illite determination were compared with those determined using the conventional methylene blue titration (MBT) method. To test the suitability of the XRF method for determining illite content in various streams of oil sands processing as a diagnosis tool, a toluene-diluted-bitumen solution was used to contaminate solid surfaces prior to their analysis by the XRF and MBT methods. In order to remove the organic matter from the bitumen-contaminated solids for evaluating the XRF and MBT method, toluene washing and low temperature ashing were applied to the bitumen-contaminated solids prior to their analysis. The robustness of the XRF analysis in comparison with the MBT method was further confirmed by analyzing the solids extracted from bitumen froth and tailings stream. The results show that the XRF method was more tolerant to surface contamination and therefore more reliable in determining illite content in oil sands and relevant processing streams. It was also found that the potassium contents measured by the XRF method on solids from 10 ores show a strong correlation with the corresponding fines contents of these ores, indicating that the XRF method can potentially be used to determine the fines content of oil sands and related processing streams.     

SEM–EDS characterization of inorganic material in refuse-derived fuels

The utilisation of refuse-derived fuel (RDF) in energy production is restricted by their inorganic impurities, such as heavy metals and chlorine. In this contribution, three different types of RDF were studied by SEM–EDS. These materials originated from three locations: construction sites, households, and supermarkets. Several fuel samples of every type of RDF were used in this study. The compositional distributions of the inorganic particles were determined directly from each fuel and the results are presented as quasiternary diagrams. The presentation method makes it possible to identify inorganic particles such as sand, alkali metal chlorides, calcium chloride, gypsum, lime, titanium pigment, iron as an element or oxide, and metallic aluminium from fuel. The results can be used to discuss the origin of different inorganic components in these materials and serve as a base for discussion of the suitability to use each waste material as fuel. It also facilitates the design of appropriate purification steps that are needed.