单元尺寸和积分点个数对冲压回弹模拟精度的影响

冲压回弹是板料成形数值模拟领域中最难准确预测的缺陷之一,其模拟精度受多种因素的影响,如材料本构模型、单元类型与尺寸、接触摩擦模型和有限元算法等。该文采用ABAQUS有限元软件对拉弯回弹进行数值模拟研究,重点分析了壳单元的积分点个数和接触角度对回弹预测精度与模拟时间的影响。研究结果表明,随着壳单元积分点个数的增加和单元尺寸的减小,冲压回弹的预测精度总体趋于提高趋势,但模拟时间相应地增大。当接触角度取16°时,得到的回弹预测精度与接触角度为5°时比较相近;另外,在7个积分点时,得到的回弹预测精度相当于25~51个积分点之间的范围。这与传统观点认为的,积分点应取25~51个,接触角度应小于10°不同。利用这一规律,有望在模拟时,既能得到较高的模拟精度,又可大大降低模拟时间。     

先进高强度钢板DP590回弹试验及数值模拟研究

回弹是高强钢板应用面临的主要问题之一,基于NUMISHEET 96的S_Rail标准考题制作试验模具,利用伺服压机的特点来研究保压时间、保压次数、压边力大小和镦死力大小等对先进高强度钢板DP590回弹的影响。实验结果表明,通过压边力和镦死力及保压次数可以使板料在厚度方向发生挤压变形,即强压负间隙可以有效的减小回弹。最后结合数值模拟方法研究比较CAE分析的单元类型对厚向挤压变形情况下的回弹模拟影响。BT壳单元无法模拟负间隙和强压的冲压工况,实体壳单元和实体单元都可以有效模拟强压和模具负间隙的情况,且具有相同的精度,但实体单元受单元数量的限制,其计算效率相对较低。因此实体壳单元更加适合强压负间隙条件下的高强钢板冲压有限元分析。     

铝合金板弯曲回弹试验与有限元仿真

采用NUMISHEET2002会议提出的铝合金板6111-T4大曲率半径纯弯曲回弹试验方案,在不同冲压行程下,对板料不同轧制方向的回弹角、成形力等进行试验研究。基于有限元软件eta/Dynaform,运用Hill48屈服准则和Barlat89屈服准则,模型分别采用指数强化模型和线性强化模型进行有限元仿真,与试验结果对比表明:随着凸模行程增加,冲压力增大,回弹后夹角增大;采用Barlat89屈服准则和指数强化模型板料回弹值精度最高,误差为8.86%;采用Hill48屈服准则和指数强化模型次之,误差为14.67%;屈服准则的选取对预测板料回弹量有较大影响,而强化模式的选取对回弹量的影响则不显著。     

铝合金板弯曲回弹试验与有限元仿真

采用NUMISHEET'2002会议提出的铝合金板6111-T4大曲率半径纯弯曲回弹试验方案,在不同冲压行程下,对板料不同轧制方向的回弹角、成形力等进行试验研究.基于有限元软件eta/Dynaforrn,运用Hill'48屈服准则和Barlat'89屈服准则,模型分别采用指数强化模型和线性强化模型进行有限元仿真,与试验结果对比表明:随着凸模行程增加,冲压力增大,回弹后夹角增大;采用Barlat'89屈服准则和指数强化模型板料回弹值精度最高,误差为8.86％;采用Hill '48屈服准则和指数强化模型次之,误差为14.67％;屈服准则的选取对预测板料回弹量有较大影响,而强化模式的选取对回弹量的影响则不显著.     

橡皮成形数值模拟回弹预测精度的影响因素

基于有限元数值模拟的工艺分析方法提高橡皮囊液压成形工艺的零件质量,回弹预测的精度,是直弯边橡皮成形数值模拟的关键。文章以有限元软件PAM-STAMP 2G为平台,针对铝合金板2B06-W30min的直弯边橡皮成形工艺,建立成形与回弹过程的数值模型,研究影响数值模拟回弹预测精度的关键因素,如单元积分类型、网格尺寸、厚向积分方案,以及板料厚度波动等对回弹量的影响规律。通过有限元数值模拟结果与实验测量结果对比,分析数值模拟中回弹预测精度的影响规律,提出了数值模型的改进方法。提高数值模拟成形精度,需要精确控制模拟过程的关键环节,力求在每个环节减小误差累积。该文对实际生产具有指导意义。     

考虑包辛格效应的高强钢U型件冲压回弹规律分析

回弹问题限制高强钢的广泛使用。数值模拟预测高强钢回弹的精度很大程度上取决于所应用的材料模型是否能对材料的包辛格效应准确描述。本研究旨在将力学解析方法、数值模拟技术、响应面分析法综合应用于高强度薄钢板U型件冲压回弹的预测中。基于考虑包辛格效应的材料模型实现高精度模拟预测回弹,随后利用理论解析方法结合有限元模拟与响应面法分析压边力、摩擦系数、模具圆角半径对回弹的影响规律。结果表明,摩擦系数较小时,板料的回弹程度随压边力的增大而减小;而摩擦系数较大时,板料的回弹程度随压边力的增大而增大。选择合适的模具圆角半径可以显著减小零件的回弹量。     

薄板渐进成形数值仿真研究进展

由于板料渐进成形过程的耗时性以及变形机理和接触模型的复杂性,数值仿真面临效率、精度和算法等方面的问题。分析了板料渐进成形数值仿真中显、隐式积分算法的优劣,归纳了网格划分中壳单元、实体单元以及实体-壳单元的不同特点,总结了渐进成形仿真中确定屈服函数、硬化准则和断裂模型的难点与规律。最后,从简化模型、自适应网格、结构对称性、虚拟速度和质量缩放等方面研究如何提高仿真效率,并分析了其中的关键技术、存在的问题以及未来的发展趋势,帮助在仿真的设定、优化与分析方面获得更进一步的理解,推动渐进成形专用仿真技术的发展。     

板壳单元在焊接热弹塑性有限元计算中的应用

基于有限元软件Abaqus,采用板壳单元对薄板对接焊进行热弹塑性数值模拟. 建立具有截面积分特性的板壳单元二维有限元模型,采用高斯面热源与均匀体热源组合的混合移动热源,考虑材料随温度的变化特性,对薄板的接温度场与变形场进行了计算,并与相当网格尺寸的三维实体单元计算结果进行了对比. 结果表明,板壳单元与实体单元计算所得温度场与变形结果比较一致;采用非均匀板厚模拟加强高的板壳单元能够进一步改进焊接变形预测结果;在保证计算精度的条件下,板壳单元比实体单元具有更高的计算效率,计算结果为改进大型结构焊接变形预测方法提供了参考意义.     

板料成形数值模拟的关键技术及难点

本文结合国内外板料成形数值模拟的最新研究动态，从关键算法、屈服函数、本构方程、有限元列式、接触问题、破裂准则、回弹计算、起皱分析八个方面叙述了板料成形有限元计算的关键技术及主要难点。     

高强钢板冲压回弹影响因素研究

基于ISO-CD24213/2006方法,以回弹角作为回弹值,运用Dynaform对高强钢板的冲压成形及回弹进行数值模拟,分析了板料厚度、板料宽度、压边力、拉延筋及材料性能等因素对回弹值的影响.研究发现:较小压边力下回弹值随板料厚度的增加而减小,较大压边力下则先增大、后减小,且随着压边力的增大回弹值显著减小;此外,减小板料宽度、合理布置拉延筋、选择屈服强度较小的材料均可减小回弹值.     

A Modified Mroz Model for Springback Prediction

A new anisotropic material hardening model is introduced in this study for springback simulation. It is modified from the Mroz multi-yield surface hardening model and incorporated more realistic Bauschinger effect for cyclic loading and anisotropic yield surfaces for sheet metals. The model is targeted for sheet metal forming simulations where the accurate springback predictions are important, and where materials have more rapid hardening characteristics and ability to sustain higher stresses such as so-called advanced high-strength steels (AHSS). The constitutive integration algorithm is derived and it is numerically implemented in the commercial FEA code via a user-material subroutine. The new model is applied to a U-channel forming test with DP600 steel. Experiments are conducted and springback results are compared with numerical prediction to demonstrate the new model’s effectiveness. This article was presented at Materials Science & Technology 2006, Innovations in Metal Forming symposium held in Cincinnati, OH, October 15–19, 2006.     

Comparison of Material Models for Spring Back Prediction in an Automotive Panel Using Finite Element Method

Springback is a crucial factor in sheet metal forming process. An accurate prediction of springback is the premise for its control. An elasto-plastic constitutive model that can fully reflect anisotropic character of sheet metal has a crucial influence in the forming simulation. The forming process simulation and springback prediction of an automobile body panel is implemented by using JSTAMP/LS-DYNA with the Yoshida-Uemori, the 3-parameter Barlat and transversely anisotropic elasto-plastic model, respectively. Simulation predictions on spingback from the three constitutive models are compared with experiment measurements to demonstrate the effectiveness and accuracy of the Yoshida-Uemori model in characterizing the anisotropic material behavior of sheet metal during forming. With an accurate prediction of springback, it can provide design guideline for the practical application in mold design with springback compensation and to achieve an accurate forming.     

U形件拉深成形回弹影响因素的计算机仿真(英文)

回弹是板料冲压成形中的主要缺陷之一 ,控制回弹涉及到回弹量的准确预算。利用DANAFORM软件 ,对U形件拉深成形回弹影响因素进行了计算机仿真 ,得到了压边力、凸凹模间隙、摩擦系数、材料特性等参数对回弹影响的数值结果 ,并对模拟结果进行了分析。     

车用铝合金板材回弹规律研究

在车用铝合金材料的成形加工过程中,回弹是主要的成形缺陷之一并且较难控制。本文对车用6061铝合金板材进行了室温拉伸试验获得其应力-应变曲线并建立改进的Johnson-Cook本构模型。该模型被应用于V形弯曲试验的有限元仿真中,研究不同各向异性屈服准则对板料回弹预测精度的影响,仿真结果表明应用YLD2000-2d屈服准则时其预测精度较高,同时也验证了该模型用于回弹分析的有效性。进一步探究不同因素如变形程度,冲压速度,摩擦条件,压边力等对铝合金板材回弹行为的影响规律,并应用于铝合金发罩内板的冲压成形过程,能够有效减小工件的回弹。     

基于Yoshida-Uemori硬化模型的高强钢冲压件回弹预测研究

基于LS-DYNA软件对高强钢薄板零件的冲压成形进行仿真分析与回弹预测,研究了不同材料硬化模型对回弹预测精度的影响。在仿真分析中应用各向同性硬化模型和考虑包申格效应的Yoshida-Uemori随动硬化模型,将模拟回弹值同试验回弹量进行比较,验证了Yoshida-Uemori材料模型在高强钢回弹预测中的可靠性,为实际生产中模具设计及修正提供理论指导。     

Formability Investigations of High-Strength Dual-Phase Steels

Car manufacturing is always regarded as the key industry behind sheet metal forming, and thus, the requirements of and developments in car manufacturing play a decisive role in the development of sheet metal forming. The automotive industry is faced with contradictory demands and requirements: better performance with lower consumption and less harmful emissions, more safety and comfort; these are extremely difficult to supply simultaneously with conventional materials and conventional manufacturing processes. The fulfillment of these often contradictory requirements is one of the main driving forces in the automotive industry and thus in the material and process developments in sheet metal forming, as well. In recent years, significant developments can be observed in the application of high-strength steels. In this respect, the application of various dual-phase steels is one of the best examples. However, the application of these highstrength steels often leads to formability and manufacturing problems. One formability problem is the springback occurring after sheet metal forming. In the current research, we have dealt mainly with advanced high-strength steels, primarily with dual-phase steels. When applying them, the springback phenomenon is one of the most critical issues. To reduce the tremendous amount of experimental work needed, we also applied numerical simulation using isotropic–kinematic hardening rules. The isotropic–kinematic hardening behavior of a given material in the applied Auto Form numerical package may be characterized with three independent material parameters c, v and K(a detailed explanation of their meaning will be given in the main part of this paper). However, we found that the material data included in simulation packages for these new high-strength steels are not fully adequate. For the determination of more reliable material parameters and to achieve better simulation results, a new testing device was developed. Numerical simulations were performed using the material parameters determined by the new device to show the sensitivity of springback behavior to these material parameters.     

Springback prediction for incremental sheet forming based on FEM-PSONN technology

In the incremental sheet forming (ISF) process, springback is a very important factor that affects the quality of parts. Predicting and controlling springback accurately is essential for the design of the toolpath for ISF. A three-dimensional elasto-plastic finite element model (FEM) was developed to simulate the process and the simulated results were compared with those from the experiment. The springback angle was found to be in accordance with the experimental result, proving the FEM to be effective. A coupled artificial neural networks (ANN) and finite element method technique was developed to simulate and predict springback responses to changes in the processing parameters. A particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm was used to optimize the weights and thresholds of the neural network model. The neural network was trained using available FEM simulation data. The results showed that a more accurate prediction of springback can be acquired using the FEM-PSONN model.     

基于试验和有限元方法的橡皮囊液压成形回弹规律

橡皮囊液压成形中常见的缺陷包括破裂、起皱和回弹等成形缺陷,其中回弹缺陷直接影响钣金件的尺寸精度。文章针对带下陷直弯边和凸弯边钣金件进行橡皮囊液压成形试验。结果表明,随着压力的增加,回弹值减小;弯曲线取向为90°的回弹值,大于弯曲线取向为0°的回弹值;弯曲成形性能与轧制方向的选取有关。有限元模拟结果与试验结果进行对比分析表明,模拟所得回弹值与试验结果相比偏小。